UI - 98034908 AU - Corney BG AU - Colley J AU - Graham GC TI - Simplified analysis of pathogenic leptospiral serovars by random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting [In Process Citation] LA - Eng DA - 971120 DP - 1997 Nov IS - 0022-2615 TA - J Med Microbiol PG - 927-32 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 11 VI - 46 JC - J2N AA - AUTHOR AB - A rapid, simplified procedure combining random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting of boiled cultures with high resolution agarose gel electrophoresis was used to compare strains from 46 pathogenic leptospiral serovars. The serovars were placed in eight groups on the basis of RAPD profile similarities. Groups 1-7 corresponded with the genome species Leptospira interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, L. santarosai, L. noguchii, L. weilii, L. kirschneri and L. meyeri. The eighth group did not correspond with a known genome species and may represent a new genome species. Primer choice determined the degree of discrimination possible between closely related serovars and genotypes. This procedure, unlike other procedures used for analysing taxonomic relationships between leptospiral serovars, does not require extensive DNA purification, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or autoradiography. AD - Rockhampton Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Primary Industries, Queensland, Australia. RO - O:099 PMID- 9368533 SO - J Med Microbiol 1997 Nov;46(11):927-32 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [4 nucleotide links] [104 medline neighbors] UI - 98012483 AU - Woo TH AU - Patel BK AU - Smythe LD AU - Symonds ML AU - Norris MA AU - Dohnt MF TI - Comparison of two PCR methods for rapid identification of Leptospira genospecies interrogans. LA - Eng MH - Comparative Study MH - DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry MH - Leptospira interrogans/classification/*isolation & purification MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length MH - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal) RN - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 971120 DP - 1997 Oct 15 IS - 0378-1097 TA - FEMS Microbiol Lett PG - 169-77 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 2 VI - 155 JC - FML AA - Author EM - 9801 AB - Based on (i) an analysis of Leptospira 16S rDNA sequences determined by us and of those from databases and (ii) a previously published finding that restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) within the Leptospira 16S and 23S rDNA were detected by nine restriction enzymes and these RFLPs allowed categorisation of Leptospira into eight genospecies, we predicted that one particular DdeI restriction site polymorphism within 16S rDNA could be independently used for identifications of Leptospira strains belonging to the genospecies interrogans. Two PCR-based methods, namely allele-specific amplification (ASA) and PCR-RFLP, were tested for the rapid detection of the DdeI restriction site polymorphism. One or two representative strains from each of nine genospecies were tested by ASA, whereas 73 strains from nine genospecies and two field isolates were tested by PCR- RFLP. Our experiments showed that the ASA method was not as specific as intended, but the PCR-RFLP method was useful for rapid identifications of the genospecies interrogans. We have not only confirmed a previous finding and extended the number of samples particularly from the genospecies biflexa, weilii, and inadai, but also simplified a previous PCR-RFLP protocol. AD - School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia. PMID- 9351198 SO - FEMS Microbiol Lett 1997 Oct 15;155(2):169-77 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 98001777 AU - Surujballi O AU - Henning D AU - Marenger R AU - Howlett C TI - Development of a monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjobovis antibodies in bovine sera [In Process Citation] LA - Eng DA - 971025 DP - 1997 Oct IS - 0830-9000 TA - Can J Vet Res PG - 267-74 SB - M CY - CANADA IP - 4 VI - 61 JC - CKL AA - AUTHOR AB - A murine monoclonal antibody (designated M553) that binds to an epitope on whole cell antigens prepared from Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjobovis and Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno, was produced and incorporated into a competitive enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine antibodies to serovar hardjo. The epitope recognized by M553 was susceptible to periodate oxidation. The M553 antibody was characterized by western blot with hardjobovis whole cell antigen. This antibody does not cross- react with whole cell antigens prepared from 11 other pathogenic Leptospira serovars, or, Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc. The sensitivity estimate of the competitive ELISA was 100% with field sera (n = 165) with serovar hardjo microscopic agglutination test (MAT) titres of > or = 100. The specificity estimate was 100% with sera (n = 128) obtained from a specific pathogen free herd of cattle that were negative in the MAT at a dilution of 1:100 for serovars hardjo, pomona, sejroe, copenhageni, canicola, and grippotyphosa. The specificity estimate with field sera (n = 301) with serovar hardjo MAT titres of < 100, was 98% (95% confidence interval = +/- 1.58%). There was no cross- reactivity with field sera (n = 306) with serovar pomona titres > or = 100 and serovar hardjo titres < 100. The specificity estimate with the combined populations of sera with serovar hardjo MAT titres of < 100 (n = 735) was 99.18% (95% confidence interval = +/- 0.65%). There was a high level of agreement (kappa = 0.977) between the results of the competitive ELISA and those of the MAT. AD - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Nepean, Ontario. RO - O:099 PMID- 9342450 SO - Can J Vet Res 1997 Oct;61(4):267-74 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 98001776 AU - Surujballi OP AU - Marenger RM AU - Eaglesome MD AU - Sugden EA TI - Development and initial evaluation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo antibodies in bovine sera [In Process Citation] LA - Eng DA - 971025 DP - 1997 Oct IS - 0830-9000 TA - Can J Vet Res PG - 260-6 SB - M CY - CANADA IP - 4 VI - 61 JC - CKL AA - AUTHOR AB - Outer sheath antigen from Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno and acetic acid extracted antigens from serovar hardjo types hardjoprajitno and hardjobovis were evaluated in an immunoassay for ability to detect hyperimmune rabbit serum to serovar hardjo. The degree of cross-reactivity with hyperimmune rabbit sera to L. interrogans serovars pomona, copenhageni, grippotyphosa, canicola and sejroe, and Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc was also measured for each antigen. All of the antigens reacted with the antiserum to L. interrogans serovar hardjo. The outer sheath antigen however, also showed wide cross-reactivity with the antisera to all of the serovars of L. interrogans tested and with the antiserum to L. biflexa serovar patoc. The acetic acid extracted antigen from either type hardjoprajitno, or type hardjobovis, showed a high degree of specificity for serovar hardjo antiserum. The hardjobovis acetic acid extracted antigen was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting, and was incorporated into an indirect ELISA for detection of anti-serovar hardjo antibodies in bovine serum. This ELISA showed a relative specificity of 100% with 156 bovine sera which were negative at a dilution of 1:100 in the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for L. interrogans serovars hardjo, pomona, sejroe, icterohaemorrhagiae, copenhageni, canicola, and grippotyphosa. The relative sensitivity of this assay with 192 bovine sera which had serovar hardjo MAT titres of > or = 100 was 95.3% (95% confidence limit = 2.99%). The degree of cross-reactivity with 289 bovine sera which had serovar pomona MAT titres of > or = 100 (with no detectable serovar hardjo MAT titres) was approximately 1.0%. This assay was: easily standardized, scored objectively, repeatable, semi-automated and used a non-hazardous antigen that can be routinely prepared in gram amounts. AD - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Animal Diseases Research Institute, Nepean, Ontario. RO - O:099 PMID- 9342449 SO - Can J Vet Res 1997 Oct;61(4):260-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [99 medline neighbors] UI - 97469189 AU - Barwick RS AU - Mohammed HO AU - McDonough PL AU - White ME TI - Risk factors associated with the likelihood of leptospiral seropositivity in horses in the state of New York [In Process Citation] LA - Eng DA - 971014 DP - 1997 Oct IS - 0002-9645 TA - Am J Vet Res PG - 1097-103 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 10 VI - 58 JC - 40C AA - AUTHOR AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine and quantify risk factors associated with exposure of horses to the following serovars of Leptospira interrogans: pomona, autumnalis, and bratislava. ANIMALS: 2,551 horses were randomly selected from a target population during the period of May 1991 to August 1993. PROCEDURES: Blood was collected from the horses and tested for antibodies to serovars, using the microscopic agglutination test. A titer > or = 1:100 indicated seropositivity. Information was collected on each horse, its environment, and each farm's management practices. Logistic regression analysis was used to develop a multidimensional indexing system for indices of exposure and to identify factors significantly-associated with the risk of seropositivity. These indices were: 1) rodent exposure; 2) wildlife exposure; 3) soil and water; and 4) management. RESULTS: Rodent exposure index value was associated with the risk of exposure to all 3 serovars. Management index value was positively associated with the risk of exposure to serovars pomona and bratislava, but not with risk of exposure to serovar autumnalis. Soil and water index value had a positive association with risk of exposure to serovars pomona and autumnalis, but not to serovar bratislava. The wild-life index value and the population density of horses turned out together were associated with the risk of exposure to serovar autumnalis. Age of horse in years was associated nonlinearly (years) and linearly (years) with the risk of exposure to serovars autumnalis and bratislava, and only linearly with the risk of exposure to serovar pomona. CONCLUSION: Risk of seropositivity to the 3 serovars of L interrogans varies according to age, management practices, population density of horses turned out together, and the values of the rodent exposure, wildlife exposure, and soil and water indices. AD - Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. RO - O:099 PMID- 9328661 SO - Am J Vet Res 1997 Oct;58(10):1097-103 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [103 medline neighbors] UI - 97461368 AU - Lin M AU - Surujballi O AU - Nielsen K AU - Nadin-Davis S AU - Randall G TI - Identification of a 35-kilodalton serovar-cross-reactive flagellar protein, FlaB, from Leptospira interrogans by N-terminal sequencing, gene cloning, and sequence analysis. LA - Eng MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Antibodies, Bacterial MH - Antibodies, Monoclonal MH - Antibody Specificity MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - Comparative Study MH - Cross Reactions MH - Flagella/*genetics/immunology MH - Flagellin/*genetics/immunology MH - *Genes, Bacterial MH - Leptospira interrogans/classification/genetics/*immunology MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Serotyping RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal) RN - 12777-81-0 (Flagellin) RN - 140470-87-7 (flaB protein) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 971030 DP - 1997 Oct IS - 0019-9567 TA - Infect Immun PG - 4355-9 SB - M SB - X CY - UNITED STATES IP - 10 VI - 65 JC - GO7 AA - Author EM - 9801 AB - During the screening of antibodies to pathogenic leptospires, a murine monoclonal antibody (designated M138) was found to react with various serovars. An antigen of approximately 35 kDa from Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, which reacted strongly with M138, was characterized by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and identified as a flagellin, a class B polypeptide subunit (FlaB) of the periplasmic flagella. The gene encoding the FlaB protein, flaB, was amplified from the genomic DNA of several pathogenic serovars by PCR with a single pair of oligonucleotide primers, suggesting that FlaB is highly conserved among these serovars. Cloning and sequence analysis of flaB from serovar pomona revealed that it contains an 849-bp open reading frame with a G + C content of 46.88% which encodes a 283-amino-acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 31.297 kDa and a predicted pI of 9.065. A sequence comparison of flagellin proteins revealed that the amino acid sequence is most variable in the central portion of the serovar pomona FlaB, which is believed to contain specific sequence information and which may thus be useful in the design of DNA or synthetic peptide probes suitable for the detection of infection with pathogenic leptospires. AD - Animal Diseases Research Institute, Nepean, Ontario, Canada. PMID- 9317049 SI - GENBANK/AF014114 SO - Infect Immun 1997 Oct;65(10):4355-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [102 medline neighbors] UI - 97461236 AU - Zuerner RL AU - Bolin CA TI - Differentiation of Leptospira interrogans isolates by IS1500 hybridization and PCR assays. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Bacterial Typing Techniques MH - Comparative Study MH - Disease Outbreaks MH - Dogs MH - *DNA Insertion Elements MH - Human MH - Leptospira interrogans/*classification/genetics MH - Leptospirosis/epidemiology/microbiology/veterinary MH - Mice MH - Nicaragua/epidemiology MH - *Nucleic Acid Hybridization MH - *Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Swine MH - Variation (Genetics) RN - 0 (DNA Insertion Elements) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 971120 DP - 1997 Oct IS - 0095-1137 TA - J Clin Microbiol PG - 2612-7 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 10 VI - 35 JC - HSH AA - Author EM - 9801 AB - Genetic variability among Leptospira interrogans (sensu stricto) serovars was assessed by Southern blot hybridization and PCR analyses. The experiments used probes directed to sequences in a recently described insertion element, IS1500. Hybridization analysis showed that IS1500 was present on polymorphic fragments and that differences in these patterns could be used to identify serovars. Hybridization analysis was also useful in discriminating between serovar pomona type kennewicki isolates, making possible the identification of 15 previously unrecognized genetic groups. A PCR assay was developed in which the primers are positioned near the terminal inverted repeats of the element and directed outward. This assay yielded characteristic amplification patterns from isolates, allowing them to be identified. We applied these assays to several new animal isolates of L. interrogans from Nicaragua, which recently had an outbreak of human leptospirosis. Three groups of isolates were identified: one strain of serovar pomona type kennewicki and two genetically distinct groups of isolates which may be genetic intermediates between serovars canicola and portlandvere. The IS-based typing assays described should be useful for epidemiological analysis of leptospirosis. AD - Leptospirosis Reference Center, National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agriculture Research Service, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA. rzuerner@nadc.ars.usda.gov PMID- 9316917 SO - J Clin Microbiol 1997 Oct;35(10):2612-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97438202 TI - From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreak of leptospirosis among white-water rafters--Costa Rica, 1996. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Costa Rica/epidemiology MH - *Disease Outbreaks MH - Human MH - Leptospira/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/diagnosis/*epidemiology MH - *Recreation MH - Travel MH - United States/epidemiology MH - Water RN - 7732-18-5 (Water) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970925 DP - 1997 Sep 10 IS - 0098-7484 TA - JAMA PG - 808-9 SB - A SB - M SB - X CY - UNITED STATES IP - 10 VI - 278 JC - KFR EM - 9711 PMID- 9293977 NI - A SO - JAMA 1997 Sep 10;278(10):808-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [101 medline neighbors] UI - 98016876 AU - Weekes CC AU - Everard CO AU - Levett PN TI - Seroepidemiology of canine leptospirosis on the island of Barbados [In Process Citation] LA - Eng DA - 971107 DP - 1997 Sep IS - 0378-1135 TA - Vet Microbiol PG - 215-22 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 2-3 VI - 57 JC - XBW AA - AUTHOR AB - Previous surveillance in Barbados documented the absence of infection with Leptospira serogroup Canicola in dogs. The aim of this study was to survey the current state of canine leptospirosis in Barbados, 10 years after the last survey. Sera from 78 unwanted dogs scheduled for euthanasia and 61 dogs suspected of having acute leptospirosis were tested by microscopic agglutination (MAT) and by an ELISA method adapted for canine IgM and IgG antibodies. The seroprevalence in unwanted dogs was 62% (48/78), at an MAT titre of > or = 100. The majority of animals had low titres, suggestive of previous infection. Serogroup Autumnalis was the most common reactor (45%), followed by serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae and Australis (each 16%) and Pomona (13%). Serogroup Ballum was uncommon in this group. The seroprevalence determined by MAT in acutely-ill dogs was 75% (46/61). The most common predominant serogroup was Icterohaemorrhagiae (36%) followed by serogroup Australis (13%), while serogroups Autumnalis and Ballum were also of little significance. Paired specimens were available from eight acutely-ill dogs. One animal was seronegative while five dogs showed evidence of seroconversion. An IgM-ELISA titre of > or = 320 was used to confirm current infection in eight of these nine animals. Previous studies in Barbados showed a higher prevalence of serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae than of Autumnalis, but the relative frequency of these two serogroups may be changing. The high seroprevalence in dogs is of public health concern because the close contact between dogs and man may provide the link between a reservoir in the environment and susceptible humans. AD - Leptospira Laboratory, St. Michael, Barbados. RO - O:099 PMID- 9355256 SO - Vet Microbiol 1997 Sep;57(2-3):215-22 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [102 medline neighbors] UI - 97464396 AU - Kuriakose M AU - Eapen CK AU - Paul R TI - Leptospirosis in Kolenchery, Kerala, India: epidemiology, prevalent local serogroups and serovars and a new serovar. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Hemagglutination Tests MH - Human MH - Incidence MH - India/epidemiology MH - Leptospira/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/microbiology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Occupational Diseases/*epidemiology/microbiology MH - Seasons MH - Serologic Tests MH - Serotyping PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 971118 DP - 1997 Sep IS - 0392-2990 TA - Eur J Epidemiol PG - 691-7 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 6 VI - 13 JC - ERE AA - Author EM - 9801 AB - Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. It is mostly an occupational disease especially in rural areas. Kolenchery is in the midlands of Kerala. The landscape consists of marshy land and dry land interspersed by rivulets and ponds. Irrigation of dry lands for cultivation during the summer months started in mid 1980s after the irrigation projects were commissioned. Cases of leptospirosis were rarely diagnosed in Kolenchery before 1987. Since then a yearly increase in incidence is observed. No major study on either epidemiology or clinical picture has been done on human leptospirosis in Kerala so far. The aim of this study was to define the major clinical presentations, epidemiology of the infection and demonstrate the predominant serogroups and serovars causing the illness in this limited geographical area. The study involves 976 cases of leptospirosis confirmed by culture and/or serological tests. Serogroups Autumnalis, Australis and Icterohaemorrhagiae were the commonest. Mortality rate was 5.32%. The increase in incidence is probably due to the geographical characteristics, continuous moisture of the soil due to irrigation in summer and year-round cultivation making food and cover available to host rodents. Close interaction of humans, animals, soil and water in this region make the spread of leptospirosis to humans easy. Confirmation of cases has been done by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and/or microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and/or by culture. Serovar identification has been done in 21 cultures isolated from patients. One new serovar belonging to serogroup Australis has been identified from a patient and named serovar Australis bharathy. AD - Department of Medicine, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Medical Mission Hospital, Kolenchery, Kerala, India. PMID- 9324217 SO - Eur J Epidemiol 1997 Sep;13(6):691-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [99 medline neighbors] UI - 97458138 AU - Dupont H AU - Dupont-Perdrizet D AU - Perie JL AU - Zehner-Hansen S AU - Jarrige B AU - Daijardin JB TI - Leptospirosis: prognostic factors associated with mortality. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Cohort Studies MH - Dyspnea/physiopathology MH - Electrocardiography MH - Emergency Medical Services MH - Female MH - Human MH - Intensive Care MH - Leptospirosis/diagnosis/*mortality/physiopathology MH - Leukocyte Count MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Multivariate Analysis MH - Oliguria/physiopathology MH - Prognosis MH - Pulmonary Alveoli/radiography MH - Retrospective Studies MH - West Indies/epidemiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 971125 DP - 1997 Sep IS - 1058-4838 TA - Clin Infect Dis PG - 720-4 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 3 VI - 25 JC - A4J AA - Author EM - 9801 AB - To determine the prognostic factors for leptospirosis, we conducted a retrospective study of data collected in the emergency department of our hospital between 1989 and 1993. Sixty-eight patients, for whom the diagnosis of leptospirosis was based on pertinent clinical and epidemiological data and positive serology, were included in this study. Fifty-six patients (82%) were discharged from the hospital, and 12 (18%) died. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that five factors were independently associated with mortality: dyspnea (odds ratio [OR], 11.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8-48.5; P < .05), oliguria (OR, 9; CI, 2.1-37.9; P < .05); white blood cell count, >12,900/mm3 (OR, 2.5; CI, 1.8-3.5; P < or = .01), repolarization abnormalities on electrocardiograms (OR, 5.9; CI, 1.4-24.8; P < or = .01), and alveolar infiltrates on chest radiographs (OR, 7.3; CI, 1.7- 31.7; P < or = .01). Identification of these factors on admission might provide useful selection criteria for patients who need early transfer to the intensive care unit. AD - Medical, Surgical, and Burn Intensive Care Unit, Pointe-a-Pitre Hospital, Antilles-Guyane University, French West Indies. PMID- 9314467 SO - Clin Infect Dis 1997 Sep;25(3):720-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97430491 AU - Rubel D AU - Seijo A AU - Cernigoi B AU - Viale A AU - Wisnivesky-Colli C TI - [Leptospira interrogans in a canine population of Greater Buenos Aires: variables associated with seropositivity] LA - Spa MH - Age Factors MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis MH - Argentina MH - Comparative Study MH - Dogs/*microbiology MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Leptospira canicola/*immunology MH - Leptospira interrogans/*immunology MH - Leptospirosis/diagnosis/*veterinary MH - Male MH - Sex Factors MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970926 DP - 1997 Aug IS - 1020-4989 TA - Rev Panam Salud Publica PG - 102-5 CY - UNITED STATES IP - 2 VI - 2 JC - CSL AA - Author EM - 9712 AB - We determined the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in a suburban canine population for the purpose of analyzing the association between different individual and environmental variables and seropositivity for leptospirosis. The study, which was cross-sectional, was performed in July 1992 in a neighborhood of Greater Buenos Aires with approximately 9,500 inhabitants and a canine population of around 2,000 animals. We studied a random sample of 223 dogs and obtained a blood sample from each. Each animal's epidemiologic history was obtained by interviewing the housewife. Serologic measurements were performed by the microagglutination technique with the use of 10 different serotypes of Leptospira interrogans. Of the 223 dogs that were tested, 57% showed seropositivity; 82% of the positive sera coagglutinated with two or more serotypes. The most frequently detected serotypes were canicola and pyrogenes. Seroprevalence in females was less common than in males (P < 0.05) and in puppies less than 1 year old it was less common than in older animals (P < 0.01). Street behavior in the dog and the presence of stagnant water in front of the owner's dwelling were the most important of the risk factors examined. The associations between seropositivity on the one hand and contact with trash deposits, hunting behavior and the presence of rodents inside the dwelling on the other were not statistically significant. Different control measures are discussed. AD - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina. paras@biolo.bg.fcen.uba.ar PMID- 9312417 TT - Leptospira interrogans en una poblacion canina del Gran Buenos Aires: variables asociadas con la seropositividad. EA - A SO - Rev Panam Salud Publica 1997 Aug;2(2):102-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [101 medline neighbors] UI - 97448347 AU - Samina I AU - Brenner J AU - Moalem U AU - Berenstein M AU - Cohen A AU - Peleg BA TI - Enhanced antibody response in cattle against Leptospira hardjo by intradermal vaccination. LA - Eng MH - Administration, Cutaneous MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood MH - Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage/*immunology MH - Cattle MH - Female MH - Leptospira/*immunology MH - Vaccination RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Bacterial Vaccines) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 971023 DP - 1997 Aug-Sep IS - 0264-410X TA - Vaccine PG - 1434-6 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 12-13 VI - 15 JC - X6O AA - Author EM - 9712 AB - A commercial killed Leptospira hardjo vaccine (with adjuvant) and non- adjuvanted preparation of the same vaccine were used in comparison of the effectiveness of the intradermal (i.d.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes for these vaccines. The tests were conducted in 50 females aged 6-14 months. After the first vaccination, both types of vaccine elicited a very poor antibody response by both routes of vaccination. However, after booster vaccination, the commercial vaccine (with adjuvant) elicited a remarkable immune response which was twice as high by i.d. compared with s.c. vaccination. No local or general adverse reactions were observed after i.d. vaccination with the adjuvanted commercial vaccine (potassium aluminium sulphate). AD - State Laboratory for Vaccine Control, Kimou Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel. PMID- 9302757 SO - Vaccine 1997 Aug-Sep;15(12-13):1434-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [99 medline neighbors] UI - 97424491 AU - Schwartz DA TI - Emerging and reemerging infections. Progress and challenges in the subspecialty of infectious disease pathology. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Cattle MH - Coccidiosis/etiology/pathology MH - Communicable Diseases/etiology/*pathology MH - Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/etiology/pathology MH - Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform/etiology/pathology MH - Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/etiology/pathology MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/etiology/pathology MH - Microspora Infections/etiology/pathology MH - Risk Assessment PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, TUTORIAL DA - 970919 DP - 1997 Aug IS - 0003-9985 TA - Arch Pathol Lab Med PG - 776-84 SB - A SB - M SB - X CY - UNITED STATES IP - 8 VI - 121 JC - 79Z AA - Author EM - 9711 AB - Emerging and reemerging infections are attracting greater attention from the public health and medical communities. Pathologists and other physicians are increasingly aware of the importance of the subspecialty of infectious disease pathology as a tool for diagnosis, surveillance, and research of emerging infections. In this communication, we describe the role that infectious disease pathologists have played during the last 2 years in broadening our understanding of selected emerging infections, including such examples as new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, leptospirosis, microsporidiosis, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, and cyclosporiasis. The significance of providing pathology services, especially the autopsy, to patients with potentially hazardous communicable diseases is discussed with the supposition that it is unethical to exclude or withhold health care from a patient based on his or her underlying disease or on risk factors for acquiring a disease. The increasing occurrence of infectious diseases imported into the United States and other nations, including human immunodeficiency virus-1 group O, dengue fever, tuberculosis, malaria, diphtheria and cholera in immigrants and travelers, and Ebola virus in nonhuman primates, emphasizes the necessity for pathologists of having competence with infectious disease pathology. It is critical that new generations of pathologists not only be trained in the subspecialty of infectious disease pathology, but that they also be willing participants in the diagnosis and investigation of infectious diseases. The lack of training programs for infectious disease pathologists, as well as the deficiency in infectious disease pathology support for ongoing and future epidemiologic investigations and research, has led to the broadening of pathology services and initiation of a dedicated section of Infectious Disease Pathology at one of the nation's premier public health institutions, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Ga. Together with preexisting groups of medical and veterinary infectious disease pathologists at universities, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, and the National Institutes of Health, this new program will significantly strengthen the capability of the United States to respond to future challenges of emerging and reemerging infections, both in this country and abroad. AD - Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga, USA. RF - 66 PMID- 9278604 SO - Arch Pathol Lab Med 1997 Aug;121(8):776-84 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [101 medline neighbors] UI - 97408342 AU - Hrinivich K AU - Prescott JF TI - Leptospirosis in 2 unrelated dogs. LA - Eng MH - Amylases/blood MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood/therapeutic use MH - Blood Cell Count MH - Blood Urea Nitrogen MH - Calcium/blood MH - Canada/epidemiology MH - Case Report MH - Creatinine/blood MH - Dog Diseases/blood/*diagnosis/epidemiology MH - Dogs MH - Female MH - Leptospira/immunology MH - Leptospirosis/blood/diagnosis/*veterinary MH - United States/epidemiology MH - Vaccination/methods/veterinary RN - EC 3.2.1.- (Amylases) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 60-27-5 (Creatinine) RN - 7440-70-2 (Calcium) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 971023 DP - 1997 Aug IS - 0008-5286 TA - Can Vet J PG - 509-10 SB - M CY - CANADA IP - 8 VI - 38 JC - CLS EM - 9712 AD - Royal City Animal Hospital, Guelph, Ontario. PMID- 9262862 SO - Can Vet J 1997 Aug;38(8):509-10 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [102 medline neighbors] UI - 97401126 AU - Pardo MC AU - Bauman JE AU - Mackowiak M TI - Protection of dogs against canine distemper by vaccination with a canarypox virus recombinant expressing canine distemper virus fusion and hemagglutinin glycoproteins. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Avipoxvirus/*immunology MH - Distemper/epidemiology/mortality/*prevention & control MH - Distemper Virus, Canine/*immunology MH - Dogs MH - Female MH - Hemagglutinins, Viral/immunology MH - Incidence MH - Male MH - Morbidity MH - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology MH - *Vaccines, Synthetic MH - *Viral Vaccines RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Hemagglutinins, Viral) RN - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Synthetic) RN - 0 (Viral Vaccines) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970929 DP - 1997 Aug IS - 0002-9645 TA - Am J Vet Res PG - 833-6 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 8 VI - 58 JC - 40C AA - Author EM - 9712 AB - OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a live canarypox virus recombinant-canine distemper virus (CDV) combination vaccine against virulent CDV challenge exposure, and to document lack of interference among the other modified-live virus (MLV) components. ANIMALS: 33 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Beagle pups (7 to 10 weeks old). PROCEDURE: A canarypox virus recombinant-CDV combination vaccine was tested for safety and efficacy along with MLV components (canine adenovirus type 2, canine coronavirus, canine parainfluenza virus, and canine parvovirus) in 26 SPF Beagle pups. The combination vaccine was rehydrated with either Leptospira canicola-L icterohaemorrhagiae combination bacterin (vaccine 1) or sterile diluent (vaccine 2). An additional group of 7 seronegative SPF pups received the control MLV components devoid of the combination vaccine (vaccine 3). Two vaccinations were administered 21 days apart, either IM or SC. The dose of the combination vaccine used to inoculate these pups was 40 times lower than the recommended commercial dose. At 21 days after the booster vaccination, all pups were challenge exposed with a virulent CDV strain, then were observed for 21 days to record morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Adverse local or generalized reactions were not induced by vaccinations. All vaccinates seroconverted to CDV. Serum antibody titers to MLV components were not different, with or without inclusion of the combination vaccine. After challenge exposure, morbidity and mortality in vaccinates were 0% (0/26); in control dogs, values were 100% morbidity and 86% mortality (6/7). Brain impression smear slides made from all dogs that did not survive challenge exposure were CDV positive by use of a direct fluorescein isothiocyanate method. CONCLUSIONS: The canarypox virus-CDV combination vaccine, administered SC or IM, is a safe product that elicits CDV seroconversion, does not interfere with other vaccine components, and protects vaccinated pups against virulent CDV challenge exposure. AD - Biological Research and Development Department, Rhone Merieux Inc., Athens, GA 30601, USA. PMID- 9256965 SO - Am J Vet Res 1997 Aug;58(8):833-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97398958 AU - Sanghi A AU - Morgan-Capner P AU - Hesketh L AU - Elstein M TI - Zoonotic and viral infection in fetal loss after 12 weeks. LA - Eng MH - Abortion/*microbiology MH - Abortion, Induced MH - Abortion, Missed MH - Chlamydia Infections/complications MH - Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications MH - England MH - Female MH - *Fetal Death MH - Fetus/*abnormalities MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/complications MH - Listeria Infections/complications MH - Parvoviridae Infections/complications MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*microbiology MH - Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/parasitology MH - Rural Health MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Toxoplasmosis/complications MH - Urban Health MH - Virus Diseases/*complications MH - Zoonoses/*transmission PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970904 DP - 1997 Aug IS - 0306-5456 TA - Br J Obstet Gynaecol PG - 942-5 SB - A SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 8 VI - 104 JC - AZC AA - Author EM - 9711 AB - One hundred and thirty-six women from an urban, rural and farming community were recruited to a study of infectious causes of midtrimester miscarriage (n = 85), stillbirth (n = 32), or termination for developmental (n = 17) or chromosomal (n = 2) abnormalities. No woman had evidence of acute infection with toxoplasma, listeria, leptospira or Chlamydia psittaci (ovine enzootic abortion). One woman had midtrimester miscarriage associated with primary cytomegolovirus infection and five women had evidence of parvovirus B19 infection, although fetal infection was not proven. Zoonoses were not identified as a cause of fetal loss or malformation in this at-risk population, but parvovirus B19 was a significant cause of midtrimester fetal loss. AD - Sharoe Green Hospital, Preston, UK. PMID- 9255087 SO - Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997 Aug;104(8):942-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [99 medline neighbors] UI - 97373876 AU - Winslow WE AU - Merry DJ AU - Pirc ML AU - Devine PL TI - Evaluation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of immunoglobulin M antibody in diagnosis of human leptospiral infection. LA - Eng MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*analysis MH - Antibody Specificity MH - Comparative Study MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods MH - Evaluation Studies MH - Human MH - IgM/*analysis MH - Leptospira interrogans/*immunology MH - Leptospirosis/*diagnosis RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (IgM) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970904 DP - 1997 Aug IS - 0095-1137 TA - J Clin Microbiol PG - 1938-42 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 8 VI - 35 JC - HSH AA - Author EM - 9711 AB - The PanBio Leptospira immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a commercially available screening test for the diagnosis of acute leptospiral infection. The ability of the test to diagnose early or recent Leptospira interrogans infection was assessed by testing sera with known microagglutination test (MAT) titers to serovars pomona, hardjo, copenhageni, and australis. The IgM ELISA detected all 41 cases of early or recent leptospiral infection (sensitivity, 100%), with a positive ELISA result seen in many cases before MAT antibody titers reached 1:50. Thirty-eight of 41 patients showed seroconversion (fourfold or greater increase in titer by MAT, 2 of 41 patients had a single sample with elevated titer, and 1 patient from whom leptospires were isolated from a blood sample failed to show MAT titers, despite a seroconversion (negative to positive result) in the ELISA. Follow-up sera obtained from 8 of 12 patients (67%) for 3 to 48 months after the acute stage of illness showed persisting IgM antibody. However, the range of levels detected in these samples (maximum ELISA ratio, 2.0) was lower than the range seen when infection was recent. Reactivity in the IgM ELISA was observed for only 1 of 59 serum samples from asymptomatic donors (specificity, 98%) and 16 of 233 serum samples from patients with Ross River virus, brucella, Epstein- Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, mycoplasma, Q-fever, toxoplasma, hepatitis A virus, Treponema pallidum, or Borrelia burgdorferi infection (specificity, 93%), with the majority of these patients showing lower levels of IgM in comparison to those in patients with leptospiral infection. We conclude that this ELISA is sufficiently sensitive for use as an initial screen for leptospiral infections, with subsequent confirmation of positive test results by MAT. AD - Division of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia. PMID- 9230359 SO - J Clin Microbiol 1997 Aug;35(8):1938-42 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] UI - 97425005 AU - Sawae Y TI - [Microbiological tests for determination of specific microbes-- Treponema , Leptospira and Borrelia] LA - Jpn MH - Borrelia/*isolation & purification MH - Human MH - Leptospira interrogans/*isolation & purification MH - Lyme Disease/diagnosis MH - *Microbiological Techniques MH - Relapsing Fever/diagnosis MH - Serologic Tests MH - Specimen Handling MH - Syphilis/diagnosis MH - Treponema pallidum/*isolation & purification MH - Weil's Disease/diagnosis PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, TUTORIAL DA - 971024 DP - 1997 Jul IS - 0047-1860 TA - Rinsho Byori PG - 135-40 CY - JAPAN VI - Suppl 105 JC - KIV EM - 9801 RF - 4 PMID- 9379531 SO - Rinsho Byori 1997 Jul;Suppl 105:135-40 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97378831 AU - Ferreira Neto JS AU - Vasconcellos SA AU - Ito FH AU - Moretti AS AU - Camargo CA AU - Sakamoto SM AU - Marangon S AU - Turilli C AU - Martini M TI - Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae seropositivity and the reproductive performance of sows. LA - Eng MH - Aging/immunology/physiology MH - Animal MH - Animals, Newborn MH - Antibiotics/therapeutic use MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood MH - Body Weight/physiology MH - Brazil/epidemiology MH - Breeding MH - Comparative Study MH - Female MH - Fetal Death/epidemiology/veterinary MH - Immunotherapy/methods/veterinary MH - Leptospira interrogans/*immunology MH - Male MH - Pregnancy MH - Reproduction/*physiology MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Risk Factors MH - Rodent Control MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Swine MH - Swine Diseases/epidemiology/*physiopathology/therapy MH - Weil's Disease/physiopathology/therapy/*veterinary RN - 0 (Antibiotics) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970903 DP - 1997 Jul IS - 0167-5877 TA - Prev Vet Med PG - 87-93 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 1-2 VI - 31 JC - CWT AA - Author EM - 9711 AB - The reproductive performance of 28 sows seropositive to Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae was compared with that of 87 Leptospira sp. seronegative dams belonging to the same herd. Sows were sampled during 1988 to 1993. During this period the herd was not submitted to any kind of intervention (antibiotic therapy, immunoprophylaxis or rodent control). Relative risks (RR) of return to heat, mummified fetuses, stillbirth, and weak newborn piglets for infected sows were assessed and the differences in means of total piglets born per litter, piglets born alive, piglets effectively housed, weaned piglets, stillbirths, mummified fetuses, weak newborn piglets, weight at birth of the piglets effectively housed, weight at 21 days of life and weight at weaning were evaluated. Seropositive dams had a greater risk of having weak newborn piglets (RR = 1.67, 1.02 < or = CI 95% < or = 2.72) and also of having more weak newborn piglets per litter (P = 0.01). Other variables examined were not different (P > 0.05). AD - Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva e Saude Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. PMID- 9234428 SO - Prev Vet Med 1997 Jul;31(1-2):87-93 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [103 medline neighbors] UI - 97365398 AU - Rathinam SR AU - Rathnam S AU - Selvaraj S AU - Dean D AU - Nozik RA AU - Namperumalsamy P TI - Uveitis associated with an epidemic outbreak of leptospirosis. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antibiotics, Tetracycline/therapeutic use MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis MH - Case Report MH - *Disease Outbreaks MH - Doxycycline/therapeutic use MH - Drug Administration Routes MH - Drug Therapy, Combination MH - Eye Infections, Bacterial/drug therapy/*etiology/pathology MH - Female MH - Glucocorticoids, Synthetic/therapeutic use MH - Human MH - India/epidemiology MH - Leptospira/immunology/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Uveitis/drug therapy/*microbiology/pathology MH - Visual Acuity RN - 0 (Antibiotics, Tetracycline) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Glucocorticoids, Synthetic) RN - 564-25-0 (Doxycycline) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970804 DP - 1997 Jul IS - 0002-9394 TA - Am J Ophthalmol PG - 71-9 SB - A SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 1 VI - 124 JC - 3OQ AA - Author EM - 9710 AB - PURPOSE: To define uveitis associated with leptospirosis in a clinical setting. METHODS: We present the clinical features of 73 consecutive cases of uveitis linked clinically to an outbreak of systemic leptospirosis in patients with antibodies to Leptospira species who were examined from January to September 1994. RESULTS: In 73 patients, the pattern of ocular involvement was unilateral in 35 and bilateral in 38. Panuveitis was seen in 106 eyes (95.5%), retinal periphlebitis in 57 eyes (51.4%), and hypopyon in 14 eyes (12.6%). Anterior uveitis alone without hypopyon was observed in three eyes (2.7%), whereas vitreous inflammatory reaction alone was seen in two eyes (1.8%). Sixty of 73 patients (82.2%) or 91 of 111 eyes (82.0%) were followed up for 8 months. Final visual acuity was 6/6 (20/20) in 47 eyes (52%) and improved during treatment, although not up to 6/6, in 15 eyes (16%). Twenty-eight eyes (31%) maintained same vision, and one eye showed deterioration of vision. CONCLUSION: Uveitis associated with leptospirosis may manifest as unilateral or bilateral uveitis, anterior uveitis, or panuveitis. The prognosis is generally good in this entity, even when the inflammation is severe. Awareness of this disease in endemic areas is important in order to differentiate it from other uveitic entities, especially in young male patients in whom other immunologic uveitides are also common. AD - Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India. PMID- 9222235 SO - Am J Ophthalmol 1997 Jul;124(1):71-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97363842 AU - Mikaelian I AU - Higgins R AU - Lequient M AU - Major M AU - Lefebvre F AU - Martineau D TI - Leptospirosis in raccoons in Quebec: 2 case reports and seroprevalence in a recreational area. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Case Report MH - Female MH - Leptospira interrogans/isolation & purification MH - Nephritis, Interstitial/epidemiology/pathology/*veterinary MH - Pregnancy MH - Quebec/epidemiology MH - *Raccoons MH - Seroepidemiologic Methods MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Weil's Disease/epidemiology/pathology/*veterinary PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970909 DP - 1997 Jul IS - 0008-5286 TA - Can Vet J PG - 440-2 SB - M CY - CANADA IP - 7 VI - 38 JC - CLS AA - Author EM - 9711 AB - Raccoons may represent a source of leptospires for humans and domestic animals. We describe a case of severe interstitial nephritis associated with the serovar bratislava of Leptospira interrogans (1st report in wildlife), and the seroprevalence to 4 leptospire serovars in a recreational area in Quebec. AD - Centre Canadien Cooperatif de la Sante la Fraune, Saint-Hyacinthe (Quebec). PMID- 9220134 SO - Can Vet J 1997 Jul;38(7):440-2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [101 medline neighbors] UI - 97355455 AU - Hay FS AU - Niezen JH AU - Miller C AU - Bateson L AU - Robertson H TI - Infestation of sheep dung by nematophagous fungi and implications for the control of free-living stages of gastro-intestinal nematodes. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Feces/*microbiology MH - Gastrointestinal System/parasitology MH - *Hyphomycetes/physiology MH - Nematoda/*microbiology MH - Nematode Infections/prevention & control/veterinary MH - New Zealand MH - Sheep/*parasitology MH - Sheep Diseases/prevention & control/*parasitology MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970826 DP - 1997 Jul 1 IS - 0304-4017 TA - Vet Parasitol PG - 247-54 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 4 VI - 70 JC - XBU AA - Author EM - 9710 AB - A field trial was conducted to assess the rate at which dung becomes infested by fungi which parasitise nematodes (nematophagous fungi) after deposition. Sheep dung was placed on field plots of bare ground, ryegrass (Lolium perenne), browntop (Agrostis capillaris) and white clover (Trifolium repens) in summer (February) and autumn (April), and subsamples were examined at intervals for the presence of nematophagous fungi. Nematophagous fungi occurred in 71% of 129 samples recovered in February and 57% of 58 samples recovered in April. Arthrobotrys oligospora, Monacrosporium candidum and Nematoctonus spp. were the most frequently isolated nematode-trapping fungi in both seasons. The endoparasitic nematophagous fungus Harposporium leptospira also occurred frequently in dung deposited in February, but not April. Fungi entered dung quickly, with 83% and 58% of dung samples containing nematophagous fungi at 3 days after deposition in February and April, respectively. The percentage of dung infested by nematophagous fungi on plots of bare ground, ryegrass, white clover and browntop was 76%, 75%, 61% and 55%, respectively. Results suggest that a number of species of nematophagous fungi are able to enter dung soon after deposition on a variety of types of ground cover. AD - AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand. PMID- 9211650 SO - Vet Parasitol 1997 Jul 1;70(4):247-54 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [2 protein links] [1 nucleotide link] [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97352700 AU - Bourhy P AU - Martel A AU - Margarita D AU - Saint Girons I AU - Belfaiza J TI - Homoserine O-acetyltransferase, involved in the Leptospira meyeri methionine biosynthetic pathway, is not feedback inhibited. LA - Eng MH - Acetyltransferases/*genetics/metabolism MH - Acyltransferases/genetics MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Bacterial Proteins/*genetics/metabolism MH - Base Sequence MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - DNA, Bacterial MH - Genetic Complementation Test MH - Leptospira/*enzymology/genetics MH - Methionine/*biosynthesis MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Operon MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - EC 2.3. (Acyltransferases) RN - EC 2.3.1. (Acetyltransferases) RN - EC 2.3.1.31 (homoserine acetyltransferase) RN - EC 2.3.1.46 (homoserine succinyltransferase) RN - 0 (Bacterial Proteins) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) RN - 7005-18-7 (Methionine) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970819 DP - 1997 Jul IS - 0021-9193 TA - J Bacteriol PG - 4396-8 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 13 VI - 179 JC - HH3 AA - Author EM - 9710 AB - The Leptospira meyeri serovar semaranga metX gene was identified by complementation of an Escherichia coli metA mutant, i.e., devoid of homoserine O-succinyltransferase. However, the MetX protein exhibited a homoserine O-acetyltransferase activity in agreement with its similarity to homoserine O-acetyltransferases. Reverse transcription- PCR analysis demonstrated that metX is the second gene of an operon. AD - Unite de Bacteriologie Moleculaire et Mf1edicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. PMID- 9209059 SI - GENBANK/Y10744 SO - J Bacteriol 1997 Jul;179(13):4396-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [102 medline neighbors] UI - 97357216 TI - Outbreak of leptospirosis among white-water rafters--Costa Rica, 1996. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Costa Rica/epidemiology MH - *Disease Outbreaks MH - Human MH - Leptospira/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/diagnosis/*epidemiology MH - *Recreation MH - Travel MH - United States/epidemiology MH - Water RN - 7732-18-5 (Water) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970715 DP - 1997 Jun 27 IS - 0149-2195 TA - MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep PG - 577-9 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 25 VI - 46 JC - NE8 AA - Author EM - 9709 AB - On October 15, 1996, a physician notified the Illinois Department of Public Health about five patients with an unknown febrile illness who had returned from a white-water rafting trip on flooded rivers in Costa Rica during September 27-28, 1996. The five patients had been members of a white-water rafting expedition involving 26 rafters from five states, the District of Columbia, and Costa Rica. This report summarizes the findings of the multistate investigation conducted by the Illinois Department of Public Health and by CDC in collaboration with the Ministry of Health of Costa Rica. The findings implicated leptospirosis as the cause of disease and contaminated river water as the probable source of illness. PMID- 9214567 NI - A SO - MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1997 Jun 27;46(25):577-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [101 medline neighbors] UI - 97380824 AU - Sleth JC AU - Rodier V AU - Andre E AU - Knoerr MF TI - [Pseudo-pancreatitis in L. icterohaemorrhagiae leptospirosis (letter)] LA - Fre MH - Aged MH - Case Report MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Human MH - Male MH - Pancreatitis/diagnosis MH - Weil's Disease/*complications PT - LETTER DA - 970805 DP - 1997 Jun 14 IS - 0755-4982 TA - Presse Med PG - 955 SB - M SB - X CY - FRANCE IP - 20 VI - 26 JC - PMT EM - 9710 PMID- 9238181 TT - Pseudopancreatite au cours d'une leptospirose a L icterohaemorrhagiae. SO - Presse Med 1997 Jun 14;26(20):955 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] UI - 97412305 AU - Benito Calavia JR AU - Montejo Baranda M AU - Pumarola T AU - Perez Irezabal J AU - Aguirrebengoa Ibarguren K AU - Gonzalez Ortiz de Zarate P AU - Barreiro Garcia G AU - Aguirre Errasti C TI - [Leptospirosis. Review of 11 cases] LA - Spa MH - Adult MH - English Abstract MH - Hematuria/etiology MH - Human MH - Jaundice/etiology MH - Leptospira/classification/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/complications/*epidemiology/microbiology/pathology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Multiple Organ Failure/etiology MH - Myocardial Diseases/etiology MH - Occupational Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Spain/epidemiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, MULTICASE DA - 971124 DP - 1997 Jun-Jul IS - 0213-005X TA - Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin PG - 306-9 CY - SPAIN IP - 6 VI - 15 JC - A10 AA - Author EM - 9801 AB - Eleven cases of leptospirosis diagnosed from 1988 to 1994 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 52 years. Epidemiologic factors were found in 10 patients. Hepatorenal involvement was observed in 7 cases (64%), cardiac involvement in 3 (27%), bleeding episodes in 5 (45%) and central nervous system involvement in one case (9%). The Leptospira serogroups identified were: Icterohaemorrhage in 6 cases, Pomona in 1, Sejroe in and could not be determined in 3. One patient died because of multiorgan failure. The epidemiologic, clinical, analytical and therapeutic aspects are discussed. AD - Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas-Medicina Interna, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona. RF - 23 PMID- 9376401 TT - Leptospirosis: Revision de 11 casos. EA - A SO - Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 1997 Jun-Jul;15(6):306-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97384121 AU - Busato A AU - Steiner L AU - Gottstein B AU - Gaillard C TI - [Frequency and etiology of calf losses and calf diseases in cow-calf farms. III. seroprevalence of selected diseases and prevalence of endoparasites and weaning age] LA - Ger MH - Aging MH - Animal MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/*epidemiology MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/*veterinary MH - Germany/epidemiology MH - Helminthiasis/epidemiology/veterinary MH - Larva MH - Ovum MH - Parasitic Diseases/epidemiology/*veterinary MH - Protozoan Infections/epidemiology/veterinary MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Weaning PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970922 DP - 1997 Jun IS - 0341-6593 TA - DTW Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr PG - 191-5 CY - GERMANY IP - 6 VI - 104 JC - ECT AA - Author EM - 9711 AB - In a cross sectional study in 38 cow-calf farms blood and fecal samples were taken from 207 calves at an age of 8-10 months and their darms, in order to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira hardjo, Coxiella burnetii, Toxoplasma gondii and the presence of the BVD-Antigen as well as the prevalence of endoparasites. The study was conducted in fall 1994 at the end of the grazing period. Eggs or larvaes of gastrointestinal helminths were detected in 74% of calves that were dewormed before the grazing period and in 88% of untreated calves. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. In 83% of the weaned calves oocysts of Eimeria spp. were diagnosed. No significant difference in weight gain was observed between animals without endoparasites and animals infected with either helminths and/or Eimeria. In cows the prevalence was 61.5% for helminths and 45.7% for Eimeria spp. In calves the seroprevalence was 4% for Leptospira hardjo, 0.5% for Coxiella burnetii and 14.0% for Toxoplasma gondii. The seroprevalence in cows were 18% for Leptospira hardjo, 7.6% for Coxiella burnetii and 14.3% for Toxoplasma gondii. The prevalence of the BVD-Virus antigen was 0.5% for calves and cows. AD - Institut fur Tierzucht, Veterinarmedizinischen Fakultat, Universitat Bern. PMID- 9303850 TT - Haufigkeiten und Ursachen von Kalberverlusten und Kalberkrankheiten in Mutterkuhbetrieben. III. Seropravalenz ausgewahlter Krankheiten und Pravalenz von Endoparasiten beim Absetzen. EA - A SO - DTW Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1997 Jun;104(6):191-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97403181 AU - Collares-Pereira M AU - Korver H AU - Terpstra WJ AU - Santos-Reis M AU - Ramalhinho MG AU - Mathias ML AU - Oom MM AU - Fons R AU - Libois R AU - Petrucci-Fonseca F TI - First epidemiological data on pathogenic leptospires isolated on the Azorean islands. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Azores MH - Disease Vectors MH - Female MH - Insectivora/*microbiology MH - Kidney/microbiology MH - Leptospira/*classification MH - Leptospirosis/*microbiology/*veterinary MH - Male MH - Mice/*microbiology MH - Prevalence MH - Rats/*microbiology MH - Serotyping MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970925 DP - 1997 Jun IS - 0392-2990 TA - Eur J Epidemiol PG - 435-41 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 4 VI - 13 JC - ERE AA - Author EM - 9711 AB - Insectivores (Erinaceus europaeus) and rodents (Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus and Mus musculus) from different islands of the Azores Archipelago were found to carry three distinct Leptospira interrogans s.l. serovars (copenhageni, icterohaemorrhagiae and ballum) which have never been previously investigated there. The house mouse and the black rat were the major Leptospira reservoirs showing isolation rates ranging from 0% for both species (in Graciosa) to 88% and 33%, respectively (in Saao Miguel). This study also showed that the majority of the animals with positive kidney cultures exhibited specific agglutinins against the isolated strains of Leptospira. The observed isolation rates in the different islands, with a very interesting island variation in prevalence, suggest that small mammals, serving as sylvatic reservoirs of pathogenic leptospires, may represent an important risk to the health of humans and livestock, particularly in the islands of Terceira and Saao Miguel. AD - Laboratorio de Leptospiras, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal. cmdt@esoterica.pt PMID- 9258550 SO - Eur J Epidemiol 1997 Jun;13(4):435-41 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [105 medline neighbors] UI - 97374349 AU - da Silva MV AU - Nakamura PM AU - Camargo ED AU - Batista L AU - Vaz AJ AU - Romero EC AU - Brandao AP TI - Immunodiagnosis of human leptospirosis by dot-ELISA for the detection of IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Agglutination Tests MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Child MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Human MH - IgA/*blood MH - IgG/*blood MH - IgM/*blood MH - Leptospira interrogans/*immunology MH - Leptospirosis/*diagnosis/immunology MH - Male MH - Middle Age RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (IgA) RN - 0 (IgG) RN - 0 (IgM) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970813 DP - 1997 Jun IS - 0002-9637 TA - Am J Trop Med Hyg PG - 650-5 SB - A SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 6 VI - 56 JC - 3ZQ AA - Author EM - 9710 AB - A dot-ELISA was evaluated using antigen obtained from Leptospira interrogans cultures of the serovars brasiliensis, canicola, cynopteri, hebdomadis, and icterohaemorrhagiae for the detection of human IgM, IgG, and IgA. Single serum samples from 63 patients with the icterohemorrhagic form of leptospirosis in the acute phase, collected 3- 14 days (mean = 7 days) after the onset of symptoms were tested. Ten patients were examined during convalescence and followed up for a period of 4-12 months. For a control group, serum samples from 10 apparently healthy individuals with no clinical or epidemiologic history of leptospirosis, and from 38 patients with nonleptospiral illnesses were used. In the acute phase, IgM antibodies were detected in 62 (98%) of 63 patients and IgG and IgA were observed in 70% and 76% of them, respectively. For the admission serum samples, the predictive value negative of the dot-ELISA was 98% for IgM, 72% for IgG, and 76% for IgA detection. All 10 patients followed-up during convalescence showed IgM antibodies up to the sixth month, decreasing to 57% by the 10th month, and persisting in only one of six patients during the 11th and 12th months of follow-up. Immunoglobulin G was detected in six patients up to the fourth month and in two of six individuals up to the end of follow-up. Immunoglobulin A was observed in all patients up to the end of the first month, decreasing progressively up to the sixth month, and was no longer detected in any patients from seventh to the 12th months of follow-up. The dot-ELISA can be used as an important laboratory screening test, especially when detecting IgM antibodies. It proved to be effective in the diagnosis of human leptospirosis, and appears to have advantages in terms of yield, time, and case of execution and low cost. AD - Emilio Ribas Infectology Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil. PMID- 9230798 SO - Am J Trop Med Hyg 1997 Jun;56(6):650-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [112 medline neighbors] UI - 97323161 AU - Hudson CP AU - Levett PN AU - Edwards CN AU - Moosai R AU - Roach TC TI - Severe primary HIV-1 infection among black persons in Barbados. LA - Eng MH - Barbados/epidemiology MH - HIV Antibodies/blood MH - HIV Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/immunology/physiopathology MH - *HIV-1/immunology/isolation & purification MH - *Negroid Race RN - 0 (HIV Antibodies) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970729 DP - 1997 Jun IS - 0956-4624 TA - Int J STD AIDS PG - 393-7 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 6 VI - 8 JC - A16 AA - Author EM - 9710 AB - Descriptions of primary HIV-1 infection have so far been based on Caucasians living in industrialized nations. Due to studies of leptospirosis in the predominantly black population of Barbados, serum was available for patients admitted with acute febrile illnesses to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH). By searching the medical records of 510 adult patients with known HIV-1 infection we identified 10 patients who had stored serum from an admission for an acute febrile illness that predated or coincided with their first HIV-1-positive test. Serological testing confirmed primary HIV-1 infection in 9 and was suggestive in the 10th patient. The clinical features of these 10 patients were in keeping with previous descriptions of primary HIV-1 infection but differed from leptospirosis cases seen at the QEH. One patient died during his seroconversion illness and another died 3 months after seroconversion. The findings suggest that severe primary HIV-1 infection could be a relatively uncommon occurrence, that the condition may be misdiagnosed, and that cases may not occur until the AIDS epidemic is established. AD - Department of Medicine, University of the West Indies, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados. PMID- 9179651 SO - Int J STD AIDS 1997 Jun;8(6):393-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] UI - 97446719 AU - Matiash VI AU - Anisimova IuN TI - [The clinico-morphological characteristics of the nervous system lesions in icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis] LA - Rus MH - Acute Disease MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Brain/pathology MH - Central Nervous System Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid/diagnosis/etiology/*pathology MH - English Abstract MH - Human MH - Meninges/pathology MH - Middle Age MH - Time Factors MH - Weil's Disease/cerebrospinal fluid/complications/diagnosis/*pathology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 971106 DP - 1997 May-Jun IS - 1019-5297 TA - Lik Sprava PG - 94-9 CY - UKRAINE IP - 3 JC - CIU AA - Author EM - 9801 AB - A total of 120 patients were examined presenting with a grave course of icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis; a pathomorphologic investigation of the brain from 75 deceased was done. Practically in all cases, the affection was accompanied by neurotoxicosis, with microcirculatory disturbances being its morphological substrate. The leading clinical syndromes of the affection of the central nervous system appeared to be general cerebral, meningeal, and encephalitic syndromes. Meningitis was diagnosed in 29.2%, meningoencephalitis in 5% of patients. Morphologic studies showed that predominantly focal serous meningitides and meningoencephalitides are significantly more common that they are diagnosed in clinical settings. They tend to develop during the second and third weeks of the course of the illness. Lumbal puncture is to be carried out on a differentiated basis only, since it may cause dysbalance in metabolic processes of the organism together with progression of those events being related to brain swelling. PMID- 9377366 TT - Kliniko-morfologicheskaia kharakteristika porazhenii nervnoi sistemy pri ikterogemorragicheskom leptospiroze. EA - A SO - Lik Sprava 1997 May-Jun;(3):94-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97333668 AU - Hecker K AU - Groll J AU - Muller-Lissner S TI - [Acute renal failure, jaundice and thrombocytopenia in a 48-year-old patient] LA - Ger MH - Bilirubin/blood MH - Case Report MH - Creatinine/blood MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Drug Administration Schedule MH - Human MH - Jaundice/drug therapy/*etiology MH - Kidney Failure, Acute/drug therapy/*etiology MH - Leptospirosis/blood/*diagnosis/drug therapy MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Penicillin G/administration & dosage MH - Platelet Count/drug effects MH - Thrombocytopenia/drug therapy/*etiology MH - Water Microbiology RN - 60-27-5 (Creatinine) RN - 61-33-6 (Penicillin G) RN - 635-65-4 (Bilirubin) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970821 DP - 1997 May IS - 0020-9554 TA - Internist (Berl) PG - 470-3 SB - M CY - GERMANY IP - 5 VI - 38 JC - GVX EM - 9710 AD - Abteilung Innere Medizin, Krankenhaus Weissensee, Berlin. PMID- 9264985 TT - Akutes Nierenversagen, Ikterus und Thrombozytopenie bei einem 48jahrigen Patienten. SO - Internist (Berl) 1997 May;38(5):470-3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97372462 AU - Taylor MJ AU - Ellis WA AU - Montgomery JM AU - Yan KT AU - McDowell SW AU - Mackie DP TI - Magnetic immuno capture PCR assay (MIPA): detection of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Monoclonal/diagnostic use MH - Cattle MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Comparative Study MH - Female MH - Leptospira/*isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/*microbiology/urine MH - Male MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - Sensitivity and Specificity RN - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970815 DP - 1997 May IS - 0378-1135 TA - Vet Microbiol PG - 135-45 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 1-2 VI - 56 JC - XBW AA - Author EM - 9710 AB - Magnetic immuno PCR assay (MIPA) was developed for the rapid detection of leptospires excreted in urine samples (n = 59) collected from 35 experimentally infected cattle. The immunomagnetic separation of leptospires from inhibitors in frozen formalin fixed bovine urine prior to PCR detection resulted in a marked improvement on previous detection methods. MIPA is a rapid 5 step protocol requiring 70 mins preparation time prior to amplification, which consistently detects 10(1) organisms. MIPA detected 76% (38/50) of culture positive urines and in addition three urines that were culture negative were shown to be positive by this method of detection. Consequently we conclude that whilst MIPA is an improvement on previously published PCR detection methods, the culture of the organism is still the standard against which other detection methods have to be compared. AD - Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Veterinary Sciences Division, Belfast, UK. PMID- 9228689 SO - Vet Microbiol 1997 May;56(1-2):135-45 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [2 nucleotide links] [108 medline neighbors] UI - 97306633 AU - Woo TH AU - Smythe LD AU - Symonds ML AU - Norris MA AU - Dohnt MF AU - Patel BK TI - Rapid distinction between Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira biflexa by PCR amplification of 23S ribosomal DNA. LA - Eng MH - Base Sequence MH - Comparative Study MH - DNA Primers MH - DNA, Bacterial/*genetics MH - Leptospira/*genetics/pathogenicity MH - Leptospira interrogans/*genetics/pathogenicity MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics MH - RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/*genetics MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Species Specificity MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (DNA Primers) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) RN - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S) RN - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 23S) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970623 DP - 1997 May 1 IS - 0378-1097 TA - FEMS Microbiol Lett PG - 9-18 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 1 VI - 150 JC - FML AA - Author EM - 9708 AB - Bacterial specific primers were used to amplify 23S rRNA genes from a representative strain from each of the 23 serogroups of the pathogenic Leptospira interrogans and 8 strains from 6 serogroups of the non- pathogenic Leptospira biflexa. Only regions of extreme variability, which had been identified on the basis of homology-based search of all the 23S rRNA sequences available in GenBank database, were sequenced from the amplified products. PCR primers that had the potential to distinguish L. interrogans from L. biflexa species were designed from the derived sequences and a sensitive PCR protocol developed. The PCR method enabled the differentiation of the 59 strains of the 23 serogroups of L. interrogans from the 8 strains of 6 serogroups of L. biflexa. Further investigation by 16S rDNA sequencing of two strains of L. interrogans, which gave unexpected PCR results, provided evidence that they had been misclassified and hence we propose to reassign them to L. biflexa. AD - School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. PMID- 9163900 SI - GENBANK/U80038 SI - GENBANK/U80039 SI - GENBANK/Z26969 SI - GENBANK/Z12821 SI - GENBANK/M88721 SI - GENBANK/Z21638 SI - GENBANK/U12676 SI - GENBANK/U12673 SI - GENBANK/U12677 SI - GENBANK/X17547 SI - GENBANK/J01695 SO - FEMS Microbiol Lett 1997 May 1;150(1):9-18 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [106 medline neighbors] UI - 97295835 AU - Akhtar S AU - Farver TB AU - Riemann HP TI - A sero-epidemiological study of Haemophilus somnus infection in dairy cattle. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - California MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/*microbiology MH - Female MH - Haemophilus MH - Haemophilus Infections/epidemiology/*veterinary MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970707 DP - 1997 May IS - 0165-7380 TA - Vet Res Commun PG - 229-39 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 4 VI - 21 JC - XCD AA - Author EM - 9709 AB - Five repeated cross-sectional serological surveys of 790 dairy cattle in 4 dairy herds between December 1985 and February 1987 provided an opportunity to study the changes in the seroprevalence of Haemophilus somnus across the 5 surveys and with respect to some demographic and disease variables. The demographic variables included were age (heifers or cows) and farm, representing two groups of herds (two herds in each group, located in the Central and Northern Valleys of California). The serological status of cattle as either negative or positive against H. somnus, Campylobacter fetus and Leptospira hardjo were determined with enzyme linked-immunosorbent assays. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute maximum likelihood estimates of adjusted odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals. The baseline risk of being H. somnus seropositive in the cattle observed at first sampling did not vary significantly during the study period after adjustment for the effects of covariates. Only at first sampling were cows about twice as likely to be H. somnus seropositive than heifers. At samplings 1 and 3, but not at 2 and 5, being in the herds of the Central Valley appeared protective. In contrast, at sampling 4 the cattle in herds in the Central Valley were about 7 times more likely to be H. somnus seropositive. C. fetus-positive cattle were about 3 times more likely to be H. somnus seropositive at sampling 1 only. The relationship between H. somnus status and L. hardjo was not significant during the study period. AD - Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA. PMID- 9151407 SO - Vet Res Commun 1997 May;21(4):229-39 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [98 medline neighbors] UI - 97348257 AU - Meslin FX TI - Global aspects of emerging and potential zoonoses: a WHO perspective. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Cattle MH - Escherichia coli Infections/etiology MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/etiology MH - Rabies/etiology MH - Salmonella Infections/etiology MH - World Health Organization MH - Zoonoses/*etiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970724 DP - 1997 Apr-Jun IS - 1080-6040 TA - Emerg Infect Dis PG - 223-8 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 2 VI - 3 JC - COD AA - Author EM - 9709 AB - Many new human pathogens that have emerged or reemerged worldwide originated from animals or from products of animal origin. Many animal species as well as categories of agents have been involved in the emergence of diseases. Wild (e.g., bats, rodents) as well as draught animals (e.g., horses) and food animals (e.g., poultry, cattle) were implicated in the epidemiologic cycles of these diseases. Many of the agents responsible for new infections and diseases in humans were viruses (e.g., hantaviruses, lyssaviruses, and morbilliviruses), but bacteria, especially enteritic bacteria (e.g., Salmonellae and Escherichia coli) and parasites (e.g., Cryptosporidium) of animal origin, were also involved in major food and waterborne outbreaks. The public health relevance of some of these agents (e.g., new lyssaviruses and morbilliviruses) is not yet fully assessed. In addition the zoonotic nature of some other human diseases, such as Ebola and the new variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, is suspected but not yet demonstrated. Finally, the possible future use of xenografts may lead, if precautions are not taken, to the emergence of new diseases called xenozoonoses. AD - Division of Emerging and Other Communicable Diseases--Surveillance and Control, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. PMID- 9204308 SO - Emerg Infect Dis 1997 Apr-Jun;3(2):223-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [101 medline neighbors] UI - 97278230 AU - Taylor SK AU - Lane VM AU - Hunter DL AU - Eyre KG AU - Kaufman S AU - Frye S AU - Johnson MR TI - Serologic survey for infectious pathogenes in free-ranging American bison [In Process Citation] LA - Eng DA - 970506 DP - 1997 Apr IS - 0090-3558 TA - J Wildl Dis PG - 308-11 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 2 VI - 33 JC - KEM AA - AUTHOR AB - From November 1991 through March 1992, we evaluated 101 free-ranging American bison (Bison bison) from Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (USA) for exposure to infectious organisms that commonly infect cattle. No titers were detected for bluetongue virus, bovine leukemia virus, or Campylobacter fetus in these 101 bison. Detectable antibodies occurred against Anaplasma marginale (eight of 76, 11%), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (31 of 101, 31%), bovine viral diarrhea (31 of 101, 31%), bovine herpesvirus 1 (29 of 76, 38%), Leptospira interrogans icterohaemorrhagiae (four of 101, 4%), L interrogans hardjo (seven of 101, 7%), L interrogans autumnalis (one of 101, 1%), L interrogans bratislava (seven of 101, 7%), L interrogans australis (one of 101, 1%), and parainfluenza 3 virus (27 of 75, 36%). The low antibody titers and the lack of gross lesions are evidence that while previous exposure to infectious organisms may have occurred, none appeared to have active infections. AD - National Park Service, Wildlife and Vegetation Division, Washington, D.C. 20013, USA. RO - O:099 PMID- 9131564 SO - J Wildl Dis 1997 Apr;33(2):308-11 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [104 medline neighbors] UI - 97278221 AU - Day TD AU - Waas JR AU - O'Connor CE AU - Carey PW AU - Matthews LR AU - Pearson AJ TI - Leptospirosis in brushtail possums: is Leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica environmentally transmitted? [In Process Citation] LA - Eng DA - 970506 DP - 1997 Apr IS - 0090-3558 TA - J Wildl Dis PG - 254-60 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 2 VI - 33 JC - KEM AA - AUTHOR AB - In New Zealand, the biological control of introduced brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) may be the only affordable option for achieving a significant long term reduction in pest numbers on a national scale. Leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica is among the potential biocontrol agents and vectors currently being investigated for this purpose. As the transmission pathways of L. interrogans serovar balcanica between possums are poorly understood, the objective of the study was to determine whether infection could result from exposure to contaminated environments. Sixteen individually housed, uninfected possums, in three groups, were regularly exposed over a period of 32 days to contaminated cages or grass enclosures of 16 other experimentally infected possums all shedding leptospires in their urine. None of the 16 challenged possums developed serological evidence of L. interrogans serovar balcancia infection. These results suggest that this organism is unlikely to be transmitted environmentally, supporting previous circumstantial evidence that social contact may be required for transmission of L. interrogans serovar balcanica between possums. AD - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. RO - O:099 PMID- 9131555 SO - J Wildl Dis 1997 Apr;33(2):254-60 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [98 medline neighbors] UI - 97230340 AU - Burth P AU - Younes-Ibrahim M AU - Goncalez FH AU - Costa ER AU - Faria MV TI - Purification and characterization of a Na+, K+ ATPase inhibitor found in an endotoxin of Leptospira interrogans. LA - Eng MH - Endotoxins/*metabolism MH - Enzyme Inhibitors/*isolation & purification/metabolism MH - Leptospira interrogans/*metabolism MH - Na(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase/*antagonists & inhibitors MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - EC 3.6.1.37 (Na(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase) RN - 0 (Endotoxins) RN - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970424 DP - 1997 Apr IS - 0019-9567 TA - Infect Immun PG - 1557-60 SB - M SB - X CY - UNITED STATES IP - 4 VI - 65 JC - GO7 AA - Author EM - 9706 AB - We showed previously that the glycolipoprotein fraction prepared from Leptospira interrogans inhibited the Na+,K+ ATPase enzyme purified from brain or kidney and in isolated nephron segments (M. Younes-Ibrahim, P. Burth, M. V. Castro Faria, B. Buffin-Meyer, S. Marsy, C. Barlet-Bas, L. Cheval, and A. Doucet, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. III 318:619-625, 1995). In the present communication, we have demonstrated that unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and palmitoleic acids, which are adsorbed to this fraction, are effective inhibitors of the enzyme. AD - Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genetica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PMID- 9119504 SO - Infect Immun 1997 Apr;65(4):1557-60 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [105 medline neighbors] UI - 97256949 AU - Ramadass P AU - Meerarani S AU - Venkatesha MD AU - Senthilkumar A AU - Nachimuthu K TI - Characterization of leptospiral serovars by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting. LA - Eng MH - Base Sequence MH - Comparative Study MH - DNA Fingerprinting/*methods/statistics & numerical data MH - DNA Primers/genetics MH - DNA, Bacterial/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Leptospira/*classification/*genetics MH - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique/statistics & numerical data MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Serotyping MH - Species Specificity RN - 0 (DNA Primers) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970603 DP - 1997 Apr IS - 0020-7713 TA - Int J Syst Bacteriol PG - 575-6 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 2 VI - 47 JC - AWO AA - Author EM - 9708 AB - Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting of 14 laboratory strains of leptospiral serovars (serovars australis, autumnalis, ballum, bataviae, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjoprajitno, hebdomadis, icterohaemorrhagiae, javanica, pomona, pyrogenes, panama, and tarassovi) was carried out by using a pair of primers. Each serovar had a unique and distinct fingerprint pattern. DNAs of other bacterial species, including Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Klebsiella spp., did not show any amplification. RAPD fingerprinting was found to be a rapid and sensitive method for serovar identification when it was compared to DNA restriction enzyme analysis, which produced a larger number of bands that made it more difficult to compare serovars. AD - Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. PMID- 9103653 SO - Int J Syst Bacteriol 1997 Apr;47(2):575-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [102 medline neighbors] UI - 97245286 AU - West HJ TI - Clinical and pathological studies in cattle with hepatic disease. LA - Eng MH - gamma-Glutamyltransferase/blood MH - Ammonia/blood MH - Animal MH - Bile Acids and Salts/blood MH - Biopsy/methods/veterinary MH - Blood Glucose/analysis/metabolism MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/*blood/diagnosis/*pathology MH - Female MH - Glutamate Dehydrogenase/blood MH - Ketone Bodies/blood MH - Leucine/blood MH - Liver/*pathology MH - Liver Diseases/blood/pathology/*veterinary MH - Nucleosidases/blood MH - Prognosis MH - Urea/blood RN - EC 1.4.1.2 (Glutamate Dehydrogenase) RN - EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-Glutamyltransferase) RN - EC 3.2.2. (Nucleosidases) RN - 0 (Bile Acids and Salts) RN - 0 (Blood Glucose) RN - 0 (Ketone Bodies) RN - 57-13-6 (Urea) RN - 7005-03-0 (Leucine) RN - 7664-41-7 (Ammonia) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970619 DP - 1997 Apr IS - 0165-7380 TA - Vet Res Commun PG - 169-85 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 3 VI - 21 JC - XCD AA - Author EM - 9708 AB - In cattle with hepatic lipidosis, hepatic abscessation, leptospirosis, biliary calculi or fasciolosis, the progression of the disease was studied by serial measurements of serum total bile acid concentrations, plasma glutamate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, 5'- nucleotidase and leucine aminopeptidase activities Terminalia avicennioides and by liver biopsy. Regardless of the cause of the hepatic disease, weight loss, anorexia, dullness and depression were consistent features. Signs of hepatic encephalopathy, such as blindness, head pressing, excitability, ataxia and weakness were less common and, together with pyrexia and jaundice, were grave prognostic signs. Plasma ammonia concentrations were significantly elevated compared to clinically normal cattle, but such changes were not always accompanied by a decline in plasma urea concentrations. In normal, healthy cattle, the plasma ammonia:urea concentration ratio is 9:1 and the plasma ammonia:glucose concentration is 11:1. In hepatic disease, a plasma ammonia:glucose ratio > 40:1 or plasma ammonia:urea ratio > 30:1, particularly with a rising total ketone body concentration and a declining glucose concentration, carried a guarded prognosis. The study suggested that other factors, such as hypokalaemia, alkalosis, short- chain volatile fatty acids, and false and true neuro-transmitters, may be important in the pathogenesis of hepatic coma in cattle. AD - Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Animal Husbandry, University of Liverpool Veterinary Field Station, Neston, South Wirral, UK. PMID- 9090045 SO - Vet Res Commun 1997 Apr;21(3):169-85 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [1 protein link] [1 nucleotide link] [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97234635 AU - Shang ES AU - Skare JT AU - Erdjument-Bromage H AU - Blanco DR AU - Tempst P AU - Miller JN AU - Lovett MA TI - Sequence analysis and characterization of a 40-kilodalton Borrelia hermsii glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase homolog. LA - Eng MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Antigens, Bacterial/genetics MH - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics MH - Base Sequence MH - Borrelia/*enzymology/genetics MH - Cell Compartmentation MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - Cross Reactions MH - DNA, Bacterial/genetics MH - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional MH - Escherichia coli/enzymology MH - Genes, Structural, Bacterial MH - Haemophilus influenzae/enzymology MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/chemistry/*genetics MH - Sequence Alignment MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Species Specificity MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - EC 3.1.4 (Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases) RN - EC 3.1.4.46 (glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase) RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE ID - AI-21352/AI/NIAID ID - AI-29733/AI/NIAID ID - AI-37312/AI/NIAID ID - + DA - 970429 DP - 1997 Apr IS - 0021-9193 TA - J Bacteriol PG - 2238-46 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 7 VI - 179 JC - HH3 AA - Author EM - 9707 AB - We report the purification, molecular cloning, and characterization of a 40-kDa glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase homolog from Borrelia hermsii. The 40-kDa protein was solubilized from whole organisms with 0.1% Triton X-100, phase partitioned into the Triton X-114 detergent phase, and purified by fast-performance liquid chromatography (FPLC). The gene encoding the 40-kDa protein was cloned from a B. hermsii chromosomal DNA lambda EXlox expression library and identified by using affinity antibodies generated against the purified native protein. The deduced amino acid sequence included a 20-amino-acid signal peptide encoding a putative leader peptidase II cleavage site, indicating that the 40-kDa protein was a lipoprotein. Based on significant homology (31 to 52% identity) of the 40-kDa protein to glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases of Escherichia coli (GlpQ), Bacillus subtilis (GlpQ), and Haemophilus influenzae (Hpd; protein D), we have designated this B. hermsii 40-kDa lipoprotein a glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (Gpd) homolog, the first B. hermsii lipoprotein to have a putative functional assignment. A nonlipidated form of the Gpd homolog was overproduced as a fusion protein in E. coli BL21(DE3)(pLysE) and was used to immunize rabbits to generate specific antiserum. Immunoblot analysis with anti-Gpd serum recognized recombinant H. influenzae protein D, and conversely, antiserum to H. influenzae protein D recognized recombinant B. hermsii Gpd (rGpd), indicating antigenic conservation between these proteins. Antiserum to rGpd also identified native Gpd as a constituent of purified outer membrane vesicles prepared from B. hermsii. Screening of other pathogenic spirochetes with anti-rGpd serum revealed the presence of antigenically related proteins in Borrelia burgdorferi, Treponema pallidum, and Leptospira kirschneri. Further sequence analysis both upstream and downstream of the Gpd homolog showed additional homologs of glycerol metabolism, including a glycerol-3-phosphate transporter (GlpT), a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GlpD), and a thioredoxin reductase (TrxB). AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. eshang@microimmun.medsch.ucla.edu PMID- 9079909 SO - J Bacteriol 1997 Apr;179(7):2238-46 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [149 medline neighbors] UI - 97228636 AU - Cowan LA AU - Hertzke DM AU - Fenwick BW AU - Andreasen CB TI - Clinical and clinicopathologic abnormalities in greyhounds with cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy: 18 cases (1992-1994). LA - Eng MH - Alanine Aminotransferase/blood MH - Anemia/veterinary MH - Animal MH - Breeding MH - Creatine Kinase/blood MH - *Dog Diseases/blood/genetics/physiopathology MH - Dogs MH - Edema/veterinary MH - Extremities MH - Female MH - Glomerular Filtration Rate/veterinary MH - Male MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Serum Albumin/analysis MH - Skin Ulcer/blood/genetics/*veterinary MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Syndrome MH - Thrombocytopenia/veterinary MH - Uremia/blood/physiopathology/*veterinary RN - EC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Aminotransferase) RN - EC 2.7.3.2 (Creatine Kinase) RN - 0 (Serum Albumin) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970414 DP - 1997 Mar 15 IS - 0003-1488 TA - J Am Vet Med Assoc PG - 789-93 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 6 VI - 210 JC - HAV AA - Author EM - 9706 AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical signs and clinicopathologic abnormalities in Greyhounds with cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy and to determine whether there were any differences between dogs with and without renal azotemia. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 18 Greyhounds. PROCEDURE: Results of CBC, serum biochemical analyses, urinalyses, coagulation tests, tests of RBC morphology, bacterial culture of blood samples, and serologic tests for Rickettsia rickettsii, Ehrlichia canis, E platys, and Leptospira interrogans were reviewed. Glomerular filtration rates and urine protein:creatinine ratios were determined in most dogs. t-Tests and a test of equality of proportions were used to compare dogs that developed renal azotemia with dogs that did not. RESULTS: None of the dogs was bacteremic or had serologic evidence of infectious disease. Ten dogs had renal azotemia, 16 had anemia, 11 had hypoalbuminemia, and 18 developed thrombocytopenia. Compared with dogs without renal azotemia, dogs with renal azotemia had significantly lower mean platelet count, hematocrit, and serum albumin concentration and significantly higher mean neutrophil count and creatine kinase activity. All 10 dogs with renal azotemia died or were euthanatized; 7 of 8 dogs without azotemia survived. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Greyhounds with cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy that developed renal azotemia had evidence of more severe systemic disease than did dogs that did not have azotemia and, despite supportive treatment, had a poorer prognosis. AD - Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA. PMID- 9074681 SO - J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997 Mar 15;210(6):789-93 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97398904 AU - Matiash VI TI - [The use of plasmosorption on SKN IK sorbent in a severe course of leptospirosis] LA - Rus MH - Acute Disease MH - Case Report MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - English Abstract MH - Human MH - Kidney Failure, Acute/etiology/therapy MH - Liver Failure, Acute/etiology/therapy MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Sorption Detoxification/instrumentation/*methods MH - Weil's Disease/complications/*therapy PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 971016 DP - 1997 Mar-Apr IS - 1019-5297 TA - Lik Sprava PG - 105-7 CY - UKRAINE IP - 2 JC - CIU AA - Author EM - 9712 AB - In severe course of icterohemorrhagic form leptospirosis presenting with an acute renal-hepatic insufficiency and manifest hypocoagulation (BC II-III), plasmasorption on the sorbent SKN [correction of CKH] IK with carboperfusion of 0.8-1.2 1 plasma appears to be warranted. Being endowed with an apparent detoxicating effect at the expense of absorbtion of creatinin, urea bilirubin, this manipulation, with small doses of heparin, promotes also stabilization of hemostasis and arresting of hypocoagulation, which fact enhances appreciably the compensatory power of the organism improving the prognosis of the condition. PMID- 9333458 TT - Primenenie plazmosorbtsii na sorbente SKN IK pri tiazhelom techenii leptospiroza. EA - A SO - Lik Sprava 1997 Mar-Apr;(2):105-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97311939 AU - Egorov IE AU - Mironchuk IuV AU - Maramovich AS AU - Chesnokova MV AU - Botvinkin AD AU - Makeev SM AU - Ochirov IuD AU - Vershinin EA AU - Tugutov LD AU - Cherniavskii VF AU - Androsov IA TI - [Zoonotic infections in the central and southern ulusy of the Republic of Sakha] LA - Rus MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Antibodies, Protozoan/blood MH - Bacterial Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/transmission/veterinary MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/epidemiology MH - Disease Reservoirs/statistics & numerical data/veterinary MH - English Abstract MH - Human MH - Rodent Diseases/epidemiology/immunology/transmission MH - Rodentia MH - Seroepidemiologic Methods MH - Siberia/epidemiology MH - Swine MH - Swine Diseases/epidemiology MH - Toxoplasmosis/*epidemiology/immunology/transmission MH - Toxoplasmosis, Animal/epidemiology/transmission MH - Zoonoses/*epidemiology/transmission RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Protozoan) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970804 DP - 1997 Mar-Apr IS - 0372-9311 TA - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol PG - 38-43 SB - M CY - RUSSIA IP - 2 JC - Y9O AA - Author EM - 9710 AB - The serological survey of humans, as well as agricultural animals and rodents, for the presence of zoonotic infections, was carried out. Local inhabitants were shown to have contacts with the causative agents of pseudotuberculosis, enteric yersiniosis, tularemia, leptospirosis, Q fever, tick-borne rickettsiosis, chlamydiosis, toxoplasmosis. The immune stratum with respect to enteric yersiniosis was found to have a greater index, while the immune strata with respect to chlamydiosis, Q fever, pseudotuberculosis had the least indices. However, the indices of immune strata perceptibly varied in individual regions. The highest occurrence of antibodies to all above-mentioned zoonotic infections was registered in Megino-Kangalasskii, Amga and Neriungrinskii ulusy [correction of regions]. The probable sources of leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis and Q fever were agricultural animals, while the probable sources of enteric yersiniosis and leptospirosis were rodents. PMID- 9245139 TT - Zoonoznye infektsii v tsentral'nykh i iuzhnykh ulusakh Respubliki Sakha. EA - A SO - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1997 Mar-Apr;(2):38-43 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97320841 AU - Bernasovskaia EP AU - Kondratenko VN AU - Mel'nitskaia EV AU - Lukach IG TI - [The distribution of leptospirae in the icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup] LA - Rus MH - Animal MH - Disease Reservoirs/veterinary MH - English Abstract MH - Guinea Pigs MH - Leptospira interrogans/*isolation & purification/pathogenicity MH - Mice/microbiology MH - Microtinae/microbiology MH - Rats/microbiology MH - Ukraine MH - Virulence PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970717 DP - 1997 Mar-Apr IS - 0201-8462 TA - Mikrobiol Z PG - 90-5 CY - UKRAINE IP - 2 VI - 59 JC - BX2 AA - Author EM - 9709 AB - The capacity of leptospiras to get acclimated in the organism of unusual hosts has been studied. Cultures of Icterohaemorrhagiae from musquashes, house mice and field voles have been isolated of leptospirosis sources under intensive epizootics among rats. A possibility to reproduce Leptospira carrying by the cultures of leptospirae of serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae in musquashes and water voles has been shown. One can conclude that under icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis musquashes and water voles can take the part of additional source of infection but they cannot independently preserve leptospirae in nature as a biological species grey rats being their main hosts. PMID- 9221063 TT - Raspredelenie leptospir serogruppy icterohaemorrhagiae. EA - A SO - Mikrobiol Z 1997 Mar-Apr;59(2):90-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [106 medline neighbors] UI - 97278566 AU - Hulinska D TI - [Diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis with western blotting] LA - Cze MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*analysis MH - Antigens, Bacterial/immunology MH - *Blotting, Western MH - Borrelia/genetics/*immunology MH - Borrelia burgdorferi/genetics/immunology MH - Cross Reactions MH - DNA, Viral/analysis MH - English Abstract MH - Human MH - Lyme Disease/*diagnosis MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Serodiagnosis MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) RN - 0 (DNA, Viral) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970523 DP - 1997 Mar IS - 0009-5222 TA - Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol PG - 3-8 CY - CZECH REPUBLIC IP - 1 VI - 46 JC - B10 AA - Author EM - 9707 AB - Spirochetes Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, selected as antigens for Western blot analyses were isolated from cerebrospinal (strain 192 M) and from blood (strain Kc90) and identified by means of monoclonal antibodies and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as B. garinii and B. afzelii. Differences between B. garinii and B. afzelii are in the genotype of the surface protein OspA and OspB, internal flagellin (Fla II) and the main extracellular protein (MEP). The reaction of polyclonal antibodies in 918 serum specimens and 180 specimens of cerebrospinal fluid was investigated in IgG and IgM immunoblots in patients with neurological symptoms, arthritis and skin manifestations suspect of Lyme borreliosis. Confirmation of the immunoenzyme ELISA reaction by means of immunoblots in the acute stage of borreliosis, in clinically obscure cases, in herpetic infection, mononucleosis and leptospirosis revealed a higher sensitivity and specificity of Western blot. Proteins of B. garinii with a molecular weight of 94, 84, 66, 60, 56, 41, 39, 33, 29, 22, 18 and 14 kDa were detected in the reaction with monoclonal antibodies and immunoglobulins of patients suffering from barreliosis. The frequency and intensity of the reaction of these antigens differed markedly in sera of patients suffering from borreliosis and sera of patients who suffered from a different infection. The external surface antigen OspA, OspB, OspC and protein with 39 kDA are significant markers of borreliosis. The most frequently detected antigens in cross reactions with immunoglobulins against other pathogens are proteins P66, P60, P41 which are dominant immunogens of all types of borrelias and moreover a humoral response to them develops in the acute stage of the disease. In arthritis and neuroborreliosis a different in IgG immunoblots was found. AD - Narodni referencni laborator pro lymeskou boreliozu, Statni zdravotni ustav, Praha. PMID- 9162453 TT - Poznatky o lymeske borelioze vysetrene pomoci western blotu. EA - A SO - Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 1997 Mar;46(1):3-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [98 medline neighbors] UI - 97275763 AU - Marotto PC AU - Marotto MS AU - Santos DL AU - Souza TN AU - Seguro AC TI - Outcome of leptospirosis in children. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Ampicillin/*therapeutic use MH - Aspartate Aminotransferase/blood MH - Bilirubin/blood MH - Brazil/epidemiology MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Creatinine/blood MH - Developing Countries MH - Female MH - Fever MH - Hemorrhage MH - Human MH - Immune Sera/immunology MH - Jaundice MH - Kidney Failure, Acute MH - Leptospira interrogans/immunology MH - Male MH - Meningitis, Bacterial MH - Penicillin G/*therapeutic use MH - Penicillins/*therapeutic use MH - Prognosis MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Thrombocytopenia MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Weil's Disease/*drug therapy/epidemiology RN - EC 2.6.1.1 (Aspartate Aminotransferase) RN - 0 (Immune Sera) RN - 0 (Penicillins) RN - 60-27-5 (Creatinine) RN - 61-33-6 (Penicillin G) RN - 635-65-4 (Bilirubin) RN - 69-53-4 (Ampicillin) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970508 DP - 1997 Mar IS - 0002-9637 TA - Am J Trop Med Hyg PG - 307-10 SB - A SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 3 VI - 56 JC - 3ZQ AA - Author EM - 9707 AB - We conducted a retrospective analysis of 43 consecutive children (35 boys and 8 girls), 4-14 years of age and living in an urban area, who were hospitalized at the Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas (Sao Paulo, Brazil) from January 1989 to December 1995 with an acute illness subsequently diagnosed as leptospirosis. Epidemiologic data indicated contact with contaminated water in most cases (88%). The patient sera reacted most strongly with Leptospira interrogans serovars copenhageni (45%) and icterohaemorrhagiae (32.7%). Jaundice was present in 70% of the patients, elevated transaminase levels in 56%, renal failure in 79%, meningitis in 23%, thrombocytopenia in 65%, and hemorrhagic manifestations in 11.6%. Three children had pulmonary hemorrhage with respiratory failure and one death occurred as a consequence of respiratory failure. We also observed that antimicrobial therapy reduced the extent of renal failure and thrombocytopenia. These data indicate that antibiotics benefit children with late, severe leptospirosis and that severe disease also occurs in children and should be considered in the differential diagnosis. AD - Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. PMID- 9129533 SO - Am J Trop Med Hyg 1997 Mar;56(3):307-10 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97256279 AU - Lombardi R TI - Acute renal failure in leptospirosis in Uruguay. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - *Developing Countries MH - Female MH - Human MH - Incidence MH - Kidney Failure, Acute/*epidemiology/*etiology/physiopathology MH - Leptospirosis/*complications/epidemiology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Risk Factors MH - Sex Distribution MH - Survival Rate MH - Uruguay/epidemiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970717 DP - 1997 Mar IS - 0886-022X TA - Ren Fail PG - 315-8 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 2 VI - 19 JC - RCG AA - Author EM - 9709 AB - The present study was carried out to describe epidemiology and clinical pattern of acute renal failure caused by leptospirosis in Uruguay. For these purposes, all literature published in Uruguay was reviewed. Three studies were analyzed: 2 series of patients and 1 case report that summarize 26 cases. The incidence of acute renal failure found in the first study was 8% and in the second one, 15%. The first study included only dialyzed patients, which could explain the aforementioned difference. The estimated annual incidence of leptospirosis in Uruguay is about 10 cases/year. Therefore, the expected incidence of acute renal failure due to leptospirosis is of 0.7-1.3 cases/year. All but 1 case were males. Mean age was 35 +/- 14.5. Source of infection was known in 23/26. Typical symptoms were: fever 26/26, myalgias 22/26, dehydration 21/26, jaundice 21/26, conjunctival suffusion 20/26, and digestive disturbance 18/26. Bleeding and meningitis were infrequent (8/26, 5/26, respectively). Acute renal failure was intrinsic in 18/26. Nonoliguric forms were predominant (14/18). Kalemia was low or normal in 22/26 cases. Dialysis was performed in 9/26 cases, but the number of dialyses per patient was high (9.4 +/- 4). The survival rate was 23/26. We concluded that leptospirosis is an infrequent cause of acute renal failure in Uruguay, with an expected frequency of approximately 1 case/year. Clinical picture was typical and contact was frequently known, which made diagnosis easy. Acute renal failure was predominantly polyuric and with low or normal kalemia; survival rate was high. AD - Centro de Nefrologia, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay. PMID- 9101610 SO - Ren Fail 1997 Mar;19(2):315-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [105 medline neighbors] UI - 97256259 AU - Abdulkader RC TI - Acute renal failure in leptospirosis. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Brazil/epidemiology MH - Developing Countries MH - Human MH - Incidence MH - Kidney/pathology/parasitology MH - Kidney Failure, Acute/*epidemiology/*etiology/pathology/prevention & control/physiopathology MH - Leptospirosis/*complications/epidemiology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Prognosis MH - Survival Rate PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, TUTORIAL DA - 970717 DP - 1997 Mar IS - 0886-022X TA - Ren Fail PG - 191-8 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 2 VI - 19 JC - RCG EM - 9709 AD - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Renal, Brazil. RF - 34 PMID- 9101590 SO - Ren Fail 1997 Mar;19(2):191-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97251703 AU - Hill MK AU - Sanders CV TI - Leptospiral pneumonia. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Animals, Domestic MH - Antibiotics/therapeutic use MH - Cats MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Dogs MH - Human MH - *Leptospirosis/diagnosis/drug therapy/immunology/transmission MH - *Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis/drug therapy/immunology/transmission MH - Rats MH - *Zoonoses/transmission RN - 0 (Antibiotics) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, TUTORIAL DA - 970624 DP - 1997 Mar IS - 0882-0546 TA - Semin Respir Infect PG - 44-9 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 1 VI - 12 JC - SEI AA - Author EM - 9708 AB - Leptospirosis, a spirochetal infection, causes a wide spectrum of disease ranging from asymptomatic infection, or influenza-like symptoms, to severe jaundice and renal failure. Humans become infected through skin or mucous membrane contact with infected animal urine or urine-contaminated water or soil. The most common source of human infection worldwide is rats. However, in the United States, dogs, livestock, wild mammals, and cats are also sources. Once leptospires penetrate mucous membranes or breaks in the skin, they disseminate to all parts of the body. Five to ten percent of those infected will have severe leptospirosis with jaundice, known as Weil's disease. The classical presentation of leptospirosis is that of a biphasic illness. The initial septicemic phase lasts 4 to 7 days and is characterized most commonly as a mild influenza-like illness. During the secondary immune phase, leptospires disappear from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. However, circulating antibodies cause immune-mediated meningitis, uveitis, rash, and, very rarely, circulatory collapse associated with Weil's disease. Pulmonary involvement occurs in 20% to 70% of patients. The more severe pulmonary manifestations are rare. Although attempts should be made to isolate leptospires from the blood or cerebrospinal fluid, the diagnosis is usually established by serologic tests. The effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy in treating leptospirosis has been difficult to assess because of the high variability of the disease's clinical course, although in severe cases, antibiotic therapy is effective even when treatment is delayed. Prevention is difficult because it is almost impossible to eliminate the large animal reservoir of infection. AD - Louisiana State University School of Medicine at New Orleans 70112, USA. RF - 42 PMID- 9097376 SO - Semin Respir Infect 1997 Mar;12(1):44-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [97 medline neighbors] UI - 97218682 AU - Murgia R AU - Riquelme N AU - Baranton G AU - Cinco M TI - Oligonucleotides specific for pathogenic and saprophytic leptospira occurring in water. LA - Eng MH - DNA, Bacterial/analysis MH - Leptospira/*genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Oligonucleotides MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - *Water Microbiology RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Oligonucleotides) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 971119 DP - 1997 Mar 1 IS - 0378-1097 TA - FEMS Microbiol Lett PG - 27-34 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 1 VI - 148 JC - FML AA - Author EM - 9801 AB - Sets of primers specific for both pathogenic (SPL) and saprophytic (SSL) Leptospira were designed from ribosomal 16S genes (rrs) available in databases. They were used as two sets of primer pairs for the PCR amplification of known pathogenic and saprophytic strains. It was possible to identify pathogenic strains by the use of SPL primers and saprophytic ones by SSL primers. Serovars from L. meyeri, of controversial pathogenicity status, confirmed the heterogeneity of the species representatives in this respect. Serovars ranarum, sofia and perameles were amplified by SPL and not SSL. Conversely, serovar semaranga was amplified by SSL and not SPL. In order to use SPL primers for the detection of pathogenic leptospires from a natural water environment, we set up an additional semi-nested PCR by employing a second internal primer which succeeded in detecting as few as 5 pathogenic leptospires per ml of water. AD - Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita di Trieste, Italy. PMID- 9066106 SO - FEMS Microbiol Lett 1997 Mar 1;148(1):27-34 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [102 medline neighbors] UI - 97382119 AU - Younes-Ibrahim M AU - Buffin-Meyer B AU - Cheval L AU - Burth P AU - Castro-Faria MV AU - Barlet-Bas C AU - Marsy S AU - Doucet A TI - Na,K-ATPase: a molecular target for Leptospira interrogans endotoxin. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Endotoxins/*physiology MH - H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase/*physiology MH - *Leptospira interrogans MH - Na(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase/*physiology MH - Rabbits MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - EC 3.6.1.36 (H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase) RN - EC 3.6.1.37 (Na(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase) RN - 0 (Endotoxins) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 971113 DP - 1997 Feb IS - 0100-879X TA - Braz J Med Biol Res PG - 213-23 SB - M CY - BRAZIL IP - 2 VI - 30 JC - BOF AA - Author EM - 9801 AB - On the basis of our report that a glycolipoprotein fraction (GLP) extracted from Leptospira interrogans contains a potent inhibitor of renal Na,K-ATPase, we proposed that GLP-induced inhibition of Na,K- ATPase might be the primary cellular defect in the physiopathology of leptospirosis. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis by determining whether or not 1). GLP inhibits all the isoforms of Na,K- ATPase which are expressed in the tissues affected by leptospirosis, 2) Na,K-ATPase from leptospirosis-resistant species, such as the rat, is sensitive to GLP, 3) GLP inhibits Na,K-ATPase from intact cells, and 4) GLP inhibits ouabain-sensitive H,K-ATPase. The results indicate that in the rabbit, a leptospirosis-sensitive species, GLP inhibits with similar efficiency (apparent IC50: 120-220 micrograms protein GLP/ml) all isoforms of Na,K-ATPase known to be expressed in target tissues for the disease. Na,K-ATPase from rat kidney displays a sensitivity to GLP similar to that of the rabbit kidney enzyme (apparent IC50: 25-80 and 50-150 micrograms protein GLP/ml for rat and rabbit, respectively), indicating that resistance to the disease does not result from the resistance of Na,K-ATPase to GLP. GLP also reduces ouabain-sensitive rubidium uptake in rat thick ascending limbs (pmol mm-1 min-1 +/- SEM; control: 23.8 +/- 1.8; GLP, 88 micrograms protein/ml: 8.2 +/- 0.9), demonstrating that it is active in intact cells. Finally, GLP had no demonstrable effect on renal H,K-ATPase activity, even on the ouabain- sensitive form, indicating that the active principle of GLP is more specific for Na,K-ATPase than ouabain itself. Although the hypothesis remains to be demonstrated in vivo, the present findings are compatible with the putative role of GLP-induced inhibition of Na,K-ATPase as an initial mechanism in the physiopathology of leptospirosis. AD - Laboratoire de Biologie Integree des Cellules Renales, CNRS URA 1859, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Saclay, France. PMID- 9239307 SO - Braz J Med Biol Res 1997 Feb;30(2):213-23 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [101 medline neighbors] UI - 97239337 AU - Perrocheau A AU - Perolat P TI - Epidemiology of leptospirosis in New Caledonia (South Pacific): a one- year survey. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Animal MH - Chi-Square Distribution MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data MH - Female MH - Human MH - Incidence MH - Leptospira/classification/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/microbiology/physiopathology/transmission MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - New Caledonia/epidemiology MH - Rain MH - Residence Characteristics MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Seasons MH - Seroepidemiologic Methods PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970701 DP - 1997 Feb IS - 0392-2990 TA - Eur J Epidemiol PG - 161-7 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 2 VI - 13 JC - ERE AA - Author EM - 9709 AB - We describe a series of 144 cases of leptospirosis diagnosed in 1989 in New Caledonia. The incidence rate was 90 per 100,000 person-years, with a specific mortality rate of 4% patients. Those affected (100 males, 44 females) were mainly aged 20 to 40 years. Incidence in rural areas (112 per 100,000 person-years) was seven times higher than in urban settlements. Two periods with higher incidence were noticed corresponding to highest rainfall. Twenty-nine of the cases occurred in individuals with professions commonly associated with leptospirosis. Contacts with rats, dogs and ditch or river water were the most frequently mentioned. The clinical expression of the disease was polymorphic: 60% of the patients had mild symptoms, 40% were acute forms including Weil's disease. Of 57 hospitalized, 23% were admitted with an initial diagnosis of dengue, and 37% with leptospirosis. Main clinical syndromes were: icterus and/or renal syndrome in 50% of patients, cardiac syndrome in 65%, acute myalgies in 58% and pulmonary syndrome in 50%. Although hemorrhages were uncommon (17%), 40% of the cases demonstrated thrombocytopenia (< 50,000/m3). Pancreatic involvement with hyperamylasemia was evidenced in 50% of cases. Twelve serogroups of Leptospira were implicated, Icterohaemorragiae predominated (41%), but was not associated with severe forms. In New Caledonia, like in all tropics, leptospirosis must be considered as an environmental diseases, professional activities being just an additional risk factor. Use of serology as a reliable tool for confirmation of cases in areas of high environmental contamination is discussed. AD - Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. PMID- 9084999 SO - Eur J Epidemiol 1997 Feb;13(2):161-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [101 medline neighbors] UI - 97235959 AU - Nicodemo AC AU - Duarte MI AU - Alves VA AU - Takakura CF AU - Santos RT AU - Nicodemo EL TI - Lung lesions in human leptospirosis: microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features related to thrombocytopenia. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Antigens, Bacterial/analysis MH - Blood Platelets/immunology/metabolism/ultrastructure MH - Capillaries/parasitology/ultrastructure MH - Cell Adhesion MH - Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism/parasitology/ultrastructure MH - Female MH - Fibrin/analysis/immunology MH - Hemorrhage/etiology MH - Human MH - Immunohistochemistry MH - Leptospira interrogans/immunology/isolation & purification MH - Lung/blood supply/*pathology/ultrastructure MH - Lung Diseases/etiology MH - Male MH - Microscopy, Electron MH - Middle Age MH - Platelet Aggregation MH - Thrombocytopenia/*etiology/pathology MH - Weil's Disease/complications/*pathology RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) RN - 9001-31-4 (Fibrin) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970410 DP - 1997 Feb IS - 0002-9637 TA - Am J Trop Med Hyg PG - 181-7 SB - A SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 2 VI - 56 JC - 3ZQ AA - Author EM - 9706 AB - Lung fragments from 12 patients were collected immediately after death and studied by light and electron microscopy and by immunohistochemistry to describe the main morphologic and ultrastructural aspects of the lung and platelets in leptospirosis (Weil's syndrome), to search for the possibility of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and to assess the relationship between endothelial lesions and local platelet aggregation and the leptospiral antigen distribution, as well as its relationship with the intensity of the lesions. The immunohistochemical results for fibrin aggregates were positive in the lumen and/or on the vascular endothelium in nine cases and on the alveolar surface in seven cases, leading to the diagnosis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome in these seven cases. Test results for leptospiral antigen by immunohistochemistry were positive in eight cases with no direct relationship between antigen deposits in the pulmonary vascular endothelium and intensity of the lesions. The ultrastructural findings were uniform and constant. Capillary lesions were characterized by swelling of endothelial cells, an increase in pinocytotic vesicles, and giant dense bodies in the cytoplasm of these cells. No necrosis, rupture, nor exposed subendothelial collagen was observed outside the hemorrhagic areas, and the intercellular junctions were preserved. The lung involvement in severe human leptospirosis presents as hemorrhagic pneumopathy with septal capillary lesions that are the usual cause of death. The thrombocytopenia that was verified in 11 of 12 patients in our study seems to bear no relationship to DIC and seems to be determined by activation, adhesion, and aggregation of platelets to the stimulated vascular endothelium, with an amorphous electron-dense substance between the endothelial cells and the adherent platelets in places where the subendothelial collagen was not exposed. AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Brazil. PMID- 9080878 SO - Am J Trop Med Hyg 1997 Feb;56(2):181-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97219690 AU - Durham PJ AU - Paine GD TI - Serological survey for antibodies to infectious agents in beef cattle in northern South Australia [published erratum appears in Aust Vet J 1997 Apr;75(4):273] LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/epidemiology/immunology MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/blood/epidemiology/*immunology MH - Chlamydia/immunology MH - Chlamydia Infections/epidemiology/immunology/veterinary MH - Coxiella burnetii/immunology MH - Diarrhea Virus, Bovine Viral/immunology MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods/veterinary MH - Ephemeral Fever/epidemiology/immunology MH - Ephemeral Fever Virus, Bovine/immunology MH - Leptospira interrogans/immunology MH - Mycobacterium Infections/epidemiology/immunology/veterinary MH - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis/immunology MH - Paramyxovirus/immunology MH - Paramyxovirus Infections/epidemiology/immunology MH - Q Fever/epidemiology/immunology/veterinary MH - South Australia/epidemiology MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Weil's Disease/epidemiology/immunology/veterinary RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970520 DP - 1997 Feb IS - 0005-0423 TA - Aust Vet J PG - 139-40 SB - M CY - AUSTRALIA IP - 2 VI - 75 JC - 9IE EM - 9707 AD - Central Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Primary Industries, Adelaide, South Australia. RO - M:MWS PMID- 9066974 LR - 970910 SO - Aust Vet J 1997 Feb;75(2):139-40 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [114 medline neighbors] UI - 97214499 AU - Brown PD AU - Levett PN TI - Differentiation of Leptospira species and serovars by PCR-restriction endonuclease analysis, arbitrarily primed PCR and low-stringency PCR. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Dogs MH - DNA Fingerprinting MH - DNA, Bacterial/*analysis/isolation & purification MH - Human MH - Leptospira/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification MH - *Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length MH - Rats MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - *Restriction Mapping MH - Templates RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970324 DP - 1997 Feb IS - 0022-2615 TA - J Med Microbiol PG - 173-81 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 2 VI - 46 JC - J2N AA - Author EM - 9705 AB - Reference strains from 30 serovars representing seven species of Leptospira and 48 recent isolates from human patients, dogs and rats, were characterised by polymerase chain reaction-restriction endonuclease analysis (PCR-REA), arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) and low stringency PCR (LS-PCR). PCR-REA analysis yielded seven groups among 29 serovars of pathogenic Leptospira; the non-pathogenic L. biflexa serovar patoc was not amplified with the primer pairs studied. AP-PCR and LS-PCR fingerprinting resulted in 25 and 21 distinct profiles, respectively, among the 30 reference strains. The results of the three PCR-based techniques were highly concordant and were in general agreement with those from previous DNA studies, confirming the high level of polymorphism among Leptospira species and serovars, and supported the concept of the serovar as the basic taxonomic unit of leptospiral classification. Results of the PCR-based typing methods for 11 randomised leptospiral strains, 36 clinical isolates from human patients and dogs and 12 survey isolates from trapped rats agreed with those from serological identification. With one exception, isolates of the same serovar gave identical profiles irrespective of the source. AP- PCR and LS-PCR are simple to perform and interpret, and appear to be useful for characterising isolates of Leptospira spp. for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes. AD - School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Barbados, West Indies. PMID- 9060879 SO - J Med Microbiol 1997 Feb;46(2):173-81 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [104 medline neighbors] UI - 97189938 AU - Katz AR AU - Sasaki DM AU - Mumm AH AU - Escamilla J AU - Middleton CR AU - Romero SE TI - Leptospirosis on Oahu: an outbreak among military personnel associated with recreational exposure. LA - Eng MH - *Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data MH - Hawaii/epidemiology MH - Human MH - Incidence MH - Leptospirosis/diagnosis/*epidemiology MH - Male MH - *Military Personnel MH - Risk Factors MH - Swimming PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970328 DP - 1997 Feb IS - 0026-4075 TA - Mil Med PG - 101-4 CY - UNITED STATES IP - 2 VI - 162 JC - N1A AA - Author EM - 9706 AB - In December 1992, a common-source waterborne outbreak of leptospirosis occurred on the island of Oahu in the state of Hawaii. Two male service persons were hospitalized with culture-confirmed leptospirosis. Eighteen others had similar histories of exposure to the same freshwater swimming site. Although six men developed signs and symptoms comparable to those of the two confirmed cases, none manifested culture or serologic evidence of leptospirosis. The increased incidence of leptospirosis in Hawaii coupled with an increased risk in young males characterize the military population in Hawaii as a high-risk population with respect to leptospirosis. AD - Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Hawall, Honolulu 96822, USA. PMID- 9038027 SO - Mil Med 1997 Feb;162(2):101-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [101 medline neighbors] UI - 97180301 AU - Dobrosielski-Vergona K TI - Alterations in specific activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in laboratory rats after leptospiral exposure followed by triiodothyronine administration. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Enzyme Induction MH - Glucose-6-Phosphatase/*biosynthesis MH - Leptospirosis/*enzymology MH - Male MH - Microsomes, Liver/drug effects/*enzymology MH - Rats MH - Rats, Inbred F344 MH - Reference Values MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Triiodothyronine/*pharmacology RN - EC 3.1.3.9 (Glucose-6-Phosphatase) RN - 6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE ID - AG-00439/AG/NIA ID - AG-005060/AG/NIA DA - 970603 DP - 1997 Feb IS - 0002-9645 TA - Am J Vet Res PG - 143-5 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 2 VI - 58 JC - 40C AA - Author EM - 9708 AB - OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of leptospirosis on thyroid hormone induction of the specific activity of hepatic microsomal glucose-6- phosphatase in laboratory rats. ANIMALS: Male Fisher 344 rats, 6 and 24 months old, healthy and infected with leptospirosis. PROCEDURE: The maximal velocity of glucose-6-phosphatase in intact and detergent- disrupted hepatic microsomes was assayed in duplicate or triplicate at 5 substrate concentrations, by monitoring the release of inorganic phosphate at 0-, 5-, and 10-minute intervals. The method of least squares was used to determine the velocity of the reactions. The level of statistical significance was determined, using the Student's t-test for unpaired data. Thyroid hormone (40 micrograms of T3/ 100 g of body weight) was administered for 5 consecutive days prior to sacrifice. RESULTS: Leptospirosis significantly increased the specific activity of the translocase component of glucose-6-phosphatase in old, but not young, rats. The activity of the translocase increased more than three- fold in untreated, infected old animals, compared with untreated, healthy old animals. Thyroid hormone induced a two- and threefold increase in the specific activities of the translocase in young and old healthy animals, respectively. Thyroid hormone did not increase the activity of the translocase in old animals infected with leptospirosis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Leptospirosis alters the specific activity and induction by thyroid hormone of the translocase component of hepatic microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase in old male Fisher 344 rats. It is necessary to be aware of possible alterations in hepatic membrane-bound enzymes after leptospiral infection of older laboratory animals. AD - Department of Anatomy/Histology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. PMID- 9028477 SO - Am J Vet Res 1997 Feb;58(2):143-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [6 protein links] [1 nucleotide link] [104 medline neighbors] UI - 97175555 AU - Mitchison M AU - Bulach DM AU - Vinh T AU - Rajakumar K AU - Faine S AU - Adler B TI - Identification and characterization of the dTDP-rhamnose biosynthesis and transfer genes of the lipopolysaccharide-related rfb locus in Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni. LA - Eng MH - ABC Transporters/genetics MH - Bacterial Proteins/genetics MH - Carbohydrate Isomerases/genetics MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - Escherichia coli/genetics MH - *Genes, Bacterial MH - Genetic Complementation Test MH - Hexosyltransferases/genetics MH - Hydro-Lyases/genetics MH - Leptospira interrogans/*genetics/metabolism MH - Lipopolysaccharides/*biosynthesis MH - Mannosephosphate Isomerase/genetics MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars/*biosynthesis/metabolism MH - Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics MH - RNA, Bacterial/genetics MH - RNA, Messenger/genetics MH - Shigella flexneri/genetics MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Thymine Nucleotides/*biosynthesis/metabolism RN - EC 2.4.1. (Hexosyltransferases) RN - EC 2.4.1.- (LPS rhamnosyltransferases) RN - EC 2.7.7 (Nucleotidyltransferases) RN - EC 2.7.7.- (dTDP-D-glucose synthase) RN - EC 2.7.7.- (dTDP-L-rhamnose synthase) RN - EC 4.2.1. (Hydro-Lyases) RN - EC 4.2.1.46 (dTDPglucose 4,6-dehydratase) RN - EC 5.- (Carbohydrate Isomerases) RN - EC 5.1.3.- (TDP-deoxyglucose epimerase) RN - EC 5.3.1.8 (Mannosephosphate Isomerase) RN - 0 (ABC Transporters) RN - 0 (Bacterial Proteins) RN - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides) RN - 0 (Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars) RN - 0 (RNA, Bacterial) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) RN - 0 (Thymine Nucleotides) RN - 2147-59-3 (thymidine diphosphate rhamnose) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970307 DP - 1997 Feb IS - 0021-9193 TA - J Bacteriol PG - 1262-7 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 4 VI - 179 JC - HH3 AA - Author EM - 9705 AB - Immunity to leptospirosis is principally humorally mediated and involves opsonization of leptospires for phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils. The only protective antigen identified to date is the leptospiral lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which biochemically resembles typical gram-negative LPS but has greatly reduced endotoxic activity. Little is known about the structure of leptospiral LPS. A 2.1-kb EcoRI fragment from the chromosome of serovar Copenhageni was cloned in pUC18 in Escherichia coli, after which flanking regions were cloned from a genomic library constructed in bacteriophage lambda GEM12. Sequence analysis identified four open reading frames which showed similarity to the rfbC, rfbD, rfbB, and rfbA genes, transcribed in that order, which encode the four enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of dTDP-rhamnose for the assembly of LPS in Salmonella enterica, E. coli, and Shigella flexneri. An additional open reading frame downstream of the rfbCDBA locus showed similarity with the rhamnosyltransferase genes of Shigella and Yersinia enterocolitica but not Salmonella. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequences showed up to 85% similarity of the leptospiral proteins with those of other gram-negative bacteria. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of recombinant clones identified the putative RfbCDBA proteins, while reverse transcriptase-mediated PCR analysis indicated that the rfbCDBA gene cluster was expressed in Leptospira. Moreover, it could restore normal LPS phenotype to a defined rfbB::Tn5 mutant of S. flexneri which was deficient in all four genes, thereby confirming the functional identification of a part of the leptospiral rfb locus. AD - Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. PMID- 9023210 SI - GENBANK/U61226 SO - J Bacteriol 1997 Feb;179(4):1262-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [108 medline neighbors] UI - 97162349 AU - Merien F AU - Baranton G AU - Perolat P TI - Invasion of Vero cells and induction of apoptosis in macrophages by pathogenic Leptospira interrogans are correlated with virulence. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - *Apoptosis MH - Bacterial Adhesion MH - Cercopithecus aethiops MH - Cytochalasin D/pharmacology MH - DNA Fragmentation MH - Eukaryotic Cells/microbiology MH - Formaldehyde/pharmacology MH - Kinetics MH - Leptospira interrogans/drug effects/growth & development/*pathogenicity MH - Macrophages/metabolism/*microbiology MH - Mice MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Vero Cells MH - Virulence RN - 22144-77-0 (Cytochalasin D) RN - 50-00-0 (Formaldehyde) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970221 DP - 1997 Feb IS - 0019-9567 TA - Infect Immun PG - 729-38 SB - M SB - X CY - UNITED STATES IP - 2 VI - 65 JC - GO7 AA - Author EM - 9705 AB - Interactions of virulent Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae strain Verdun with Vero cells (African green monkey kidney fibroblasts) and a monocyte-macrophage-like cell line (J774A.1) were assayed by a double-fluorescence immunolabelling method. Infectivity profiles were investigated according to (i) the duration of contact between leptospires and eukaryotic cells and (ii) the number of in vitro passages after primary isolation from lethally infected guinea pigs. Comparative experiments were conducted with the corresponding high-passage avirulent variant and the saprophytic leptospire Leptospira biflexa Patoc I. In Vero cells, virulent leptospires were quickly internalized from 20 min postinfection, whereas avirulent and saprophytic strains remained extracellularly located. In addition, the virulent strain demonstrated an ability to actively invade the monocyte- macrophage-like J774A.1 cells during the early stages of contact and to induce programmed cell death, as shown by the detection of oligonucleosomes in a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay. In both cellular systems, subsequent in vitro subcultures demonstrated a progressive decrease of the invasiveness, pointing out the necessity of using primocultures of Leptospira for virulence studies. Invasiveness of virulent leptospires was significantly inhibited with monodansylcadaverine, indicating that internalization was dependent on receptor-mediated endocytosis. Invasion of epithelial cells and induction of apoptosis in macrophages may be related to the pathogenicity of Leptospira, and both could contribute to its ability to survive in the host and to escape from the immune response. AD - Laboratoire des Leptospires, Institut Pasteur, Noumea, New Caledonia, France. PMID- 9009336 SO - Infect Immun 1997 Feb;65(2):729-38 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [117 medline neighbors] UI - 97167231 AU - Monsuez JJ AU - Kidouche R AU - Le Gueno B AU - Postic D TI - Leptospirosis presenting as haemorrhagic fever in visitor to Africa [letter] LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Africa MH - Ampicillin/therapeutic use MH - Case Report MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Female MH - France MH - Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/*diagnosis MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/transmission MH - Penicillins/therapeutic use MH - *Travel RN - 0 (Penicillins) RN - 69-53-4 (Ampicillin) PT - LETTER DA - 970225 DP - 1997 Jan 25 IS - 0140-6736 TA - Lancet PG - 254-5 SB - A SB - M SB - X CY - ENGLAND IP - 9047 VI - 349 JC - L0S EM - 9705 PMID- 9014920 SO - Lancet 1997 Jan 25;349(9047):254-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [102 medline neighbors] UI - 97234287 AU - Smythe L AU - Dohnt M AU - Norris M AU - Symonds M AU - Scott J TI - Review of leptospirosis notifications in Queensland 1985 to 1996. LA - Eng MH - Abattoirs MH - Disease Notification MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/transmission MH - Occupational Diseases/*epidemiology MH - Queensland/epidemiology MH - Risk Factors PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970509 DP - 1997 Jan 23 IS - 0725-3141 TA - Commun Dis Intell PG - 17-20 CY - AUSTRALIA IP - 2 VI - 21 JC - CUB AA - Author EM - 9707 AB - To provide an overview of leptospirosis in Queensland, the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Leptospirosis undertook a study of notifications of the disease from 1985 to 1996. The review encompassed information drawn from notifications to Queensland Health and questionnaires sent to doctors. Notifications were highest between February and July and the highest population rates were identified in the Central West and Peninsula Health Regions. Ninety-one per cent of notifications were for males. At risk population groups included meat workers, those working with farm animals and banana workers. The study found the incidence of leptospirosis was higher in 1996 than in previous years. Improved diagnosis and surveillance will aid our understanding of the preventable risk factors for leptospirosis, especially in geographic areas not considered at high risk and in groups not in occupations traditionally linked to the disease. AD - World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Laptospirosis, Laboratory of Microbiology and Pathology, Brisbane, Queensland. PMID- 9079586 SO - Commun Dis Intell 1997 Jan 23;21(2):17-20 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [173 medline neighbors] UI - 97158205 AU - Dhaliwal GS AU - Murray RD AU - Dobson H AU - Ellis WA TI - Effect of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection on progesterone concentrations in heifers. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/*blood MH - Estrus/blood/*metabolism MH - Female MH - Pregnancy MH - Progesterone/*blood MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Weil's Disease/blood/*veterinary RN - 57-83-0 (Progesterone) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970415 DP - 1997 Jan 4 IS - 0042-4900 TA - Vet Rec PG - 19-20 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 1 VI - 140 JC - XBS EM - 9706 AD - Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Animal Husbandry, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral. PMID- 9004477 SO - Vet Rec 1997 Jan 4;140(1):19-20 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] UI - 98002365 AU - Rioche M AU - Dubreuil P AU - Kouassi-Samgare A AU - Akran V AU - Nordmann P AU - Pillot J TI - [Incidence of sporadic hepatitis E in Ivory Coast based on still problematic serology] LA - Fre MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Comparative Study MH - Cote d'Ivoire/epidemiology MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - English Abstract MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Hepatitis Antibodies/analysis MH - Hepatitis C/diagnosis/immunology MH - Hepatitis C Antibodies/analysis MH - Hepatitis E/diagnosis/*epidemiology/immunology MH - Human MH - IgG/analysis MH - Infant MH - Male MH - Middle Age RN - 0 (Hepatitis Antibodies) RN - 0 (Hepatitis C Antibodies) RN - 0 (IgG) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 971114 DP - 1997 IS - 0042-9686 TA - Bull World Health Organ PG - 349-54 CY - SWITZERLAND IP - 4 VI - 75 JC - C80 AA - Author EM - 9801 AB - The first well-documented outbreak of viral hepatitis E in Africa was described in 1986 in Cote d'lvoire. Subsequently, no other outbreaks have been observed in the country. Cote d'lvoire therefore offers an excellent opportunity to evaluate the prevalence of sporadic viral hepatitis E in a country where the frequency of non-A, non-B, non-C viral hepatitis appears to be high. The study was carried out in Abidjan, the most populous city, and involved 111 hospitalized patients suffering from non-A, non-B and presumed non-C acute viral hepatitis. Screening for leptospirosis or a toxic etiology was carried out and the risk of including such patients eliminated. Diagnosis of viral hepatitis A was excluded from the absence of IgM anti-HAV antibodies. Patients with HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies were not included in the study, although co-infection in asymptomatic HBV carriers or subsequent infection in patients who had recovered from a past HCV infection remained possible. There was a risk that some patients with late appearance of anti-HCV antibodies were included since PCR tests could not be performed. Cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr virus was not involved, since no specific IgMs against these viruses were detectable. Large discrepancies between the two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) available for serological diagnosis of hepatitis E (Abbott and Genelabs) were observed. Among the 53 sera screened using both tests, only 20 gave positive results in both, and all such sera were confirmed using a domestic immunological test involving inhibition of labelled, well-documented anti-HEV-specific human IgG. Immunological confirmation was obtained for only half of the sera with discordant results in the commercial ELISAs. Full agreement between both commercial tests was observed for only 59% of the sera studied. The minimal incidence of sporadic viral hepatitis E among hospitalized patients in Abidjan with an acute hepatitis was estimated to be 27%. AD - Institut Pasteur de Cote d'lvoire, Service des Hepatites virales et des Retrovirus, Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire. PMID- 9377791 TT - Frequence de l'hepatite sporadique E en Cote d'Ivoire, vue au travers d'une serologie encore problematique. EA - A SO - Bull World Health Organ 1997;75(4):349-54 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 98017336 AU - Chandrasekaran S AU - Pankajalakshmi VV TI - Usefulness of dark field microscopy after differential centrifugation in the early diagnosis of leptospirosis in dog and its human contacts. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Animal MH - Blood/microbiology MH - Child MH - Dog Diseases/blood/*pathology/transmission/urine MH - Dogs MH - Female MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*transmission/*veterinary MH - Microscopy/*methods MH - Occupational Diseases/blood/*pathology MH - Postmortem Changes MH - Urine/cytology/microbiology MH - *Veterinary Medicine MH - *Zoonoses PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 971118 DP - 1997 Jan IS - 0019-5359 TA - Indian J Med Sci PG - 1-4 CY - INDIA IP - 1 VI - 51 JC - GJP AA - Author EM - 9801 AB - 1. We found leptospira in the blood of two out of three police dogs by dark field microscopic examination after high speed centrifugation. One dog had fever and the other was asymptomatic. Leptospira could not be seen in the urine of one police dog which died of jaundice. 11 out of 21 human contacts were found to be positive for leptospira after low speed centrifugation and 5 after high speed centrifugation. One child had jaundice and an another child had fever. Others had mild symptoms of headache to none. Dark field microscopy after differential centrifugation is useful in the early diagnosis of leptospirosis and thereby could prevent later complications like jaundice. AD - Institute of Microbiology, Madurai Medical College. PMID- 9355702 SO - Indian J Med Sci 1997 Jan;51(1):1-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [102 medline neighbors] UI - 97412486 AU - Stark KD AU - Frei-Staheli C AU - Frei PP AU - Pfeiffer DU AU - Danuser J AU - Audige L AU - Nicolet J AU - Strasser M AU - Gottstein B AU - Kihm U TI - [Frequency and cost of health problems in Swiss dairy cows and their calves (1993-1994)] LA - Ger MH - Animal MH - Animals, Newborn MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/*economics/*epidemiology MH - Cohort Studies MH - Communicable Diseases/economics/epidemiology/veterinary MH - Diarrhea/economics/epidemiology/veterinary MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Genital Diseases, Female/economics/epidemiology/veterinary MH - Incidence MH - Mastitis, Bovine/economics/epidemiology MH - Pneumonia/economics/epidemiology/veterinary MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications/economics/epidemiology/veterinary MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Switzerland/epidemiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970916 DP - 1997 IS - 0036-7281 TA - Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd PG - 343-53 CY - SWITZERLAND IP - 8 VI - 139 JC - UE5 AA - Author EM - 9711 AB - Between July 1993 and July 1994 morbidity and management information related to dairy cows and their calves up to the age of 8 weeks were recorded in 113 randomly selected dairy herds. Also recorded were any costs incurred through disease and prevention. Blood and faeces were analysed with respect to selected pathogens. The health problems most frequently diagnosed in cows were reproductive and udder diseases. Calves suffered most often from diarrhea, omphalitis and pneumonia. The directly disease-related costs per cow-year on average amounted to CHF 139.44 and CHF 4.18 per calf. For prevention, farmers spent on average CHF 10.18 per cow-year. Results from the laboratory analyses indicate that in 68.1% of the farms antibodies against Leptospira hardjo and in 61.9% against Coxiella burnetii were detected. In 8.0% of the farms antibodies against Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were found. Antibodies against BVD virus was present in 99.4% of the farms. Cows from 63.7% farms were infected with gastrointestinal strongylids. Veterinary assistance was required on average 1.96 times per cow-year. In almost all reproductive and puerperal disease cases a veterinarian was consulted while lameness in the majority of cases was treated by the owner. The veterinary profession was hardly ever involved in disease prevention. AD - Institut fur Viruskrankbeiten und Immunoprophylaxe, Mittelhausern. PMID- 9297231 TT - Haufigkeit und Kosten von Gesundheitsproblemen bei Schweizer Milchkuhen und deren Kalbern (1993-1994). EA - A SO - Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 1997;139(8):343-53 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97436969 AU - Valdes Gonzalez T AU - Gonzalez Perez M AU - Gonzalez Gonzalez M AU - Cabrera Arias RA AU - Munoz Carnago E AU - Lastre Gonzalez M AU - Sierra Gonzalez G TI - Quantification of bovine albumin fraction V in cellular antigens of antileptospirosical Cuban vaccine vaxSpiral. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis/immunology MH - Antigens, Bacterial/analysis/immunology MH - Bacterial Vaccines/*analysis/immunology MH - Cattle MH - Human MH - IgG/analysis/immunology MH - Immunoradiometric Assay MH - Leptospira/*immunology MH - Rabbits MH - Serum Albumin, Bovine/*analysis RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Bacterial Vaccines) RN - 0 (IgG) RN - 0 (Serum Albumin, Bovine) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970929 DP - 1997 Autumn IS - 0188-0128 TA - Arch Med Res PG - 373-6 CY - MEXICO IP - 3 VI - 28 JC - BIC AA - Author EM - 9712 AB - A solid phase immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for quantification of bovine albumin fraction V (Bov.Alb.FV) in antileptospirosical Cuban vaccine vaxSpiral is described in the present work. Anti-Bov.Alb.FV IgG raised against rabbit purified by affinity chromatography was used as first antibody. Anti-rabbit IgG labeled by Chloromine-T reaction was used as a tracer and the method has demonstrated to be sensitive with high intra- and inter-assay reproducibility. Eight lots of vaccinal antigens were evaluated and in all of the cases, the bovine albumin fraction V concentration was lower than 1 microgram/mL, as the World Health Organization (WHO) establishes. This IRMA is a simple and sensitive assay and could be used as control method for all human vaccines that use Bov.Alb.FV in their production process, even cellular vaccines. AD - Finlay Institute, La Habana, Cuba. PMID- 9291633 SO - Arch Med Res 1997 Autumn;28(3):373-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97424079 AU - Sakumoto M AU - Sakuma S AU - Kumazawa I TI - [Spirochetosis] LA - Jpn MH - Human MH - Kidney Diseases/*etiology MH - Leptospirosis MH - Lyme Disease MH - *Spirochaetales Infections MH - Syphilis PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, TUTORIAL DA - 971114 DP - 1997 TA - Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu PG - 668-71 CY - JAPAN IP - 17 Pt 2 JC - CAY EM - 9801 AD - Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University. RF - 19 PMID- 9278021 SO - Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu 1997;(17 Pt 2):668-71 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97301422 AU - Mel'nik GV AU - Avdeeva MG AU - Piskunov OV TI - [The importance of myoglobin in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis] LA - Rus MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Blood Donors MH - Case Report MH - Comparative Study MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Human MH - Jaundice/diagnosis/etiology/metabolism MH - Leptospira interrogans/immunology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Myoglobin/*analysis MH - Severity of Illness Index MH - Weil's Disease/diagnosis/*etiology/metabolism RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Myoglobin) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970703 DP - 1997 IS - 0040-3660 TA - Ter Arkh PG - 69-72 SB - M CY - RUSSIA IP - 4 VI - 69 JC - VLU AA - Author EM - 9709 AB - Measurements were made of serum and urine myoglobin in 48 patients with leptospiral jaundice (LJ) and 56 patients with various acute infections. At the height of LJ blood myoglobin level reached 28.96 +/- 4.3 micrograms/l (normal concentration 0.315 +/- 0.002 microgram/l). Compared to acute pneumonia, acute viral hepatitis, tonsillitis, erysipelas, diphtheria, health values, the ratio of serum myoglobin to urine myoglobin in leptospirosis made up 45.25 against 5.4, 4.8, 6.8, 3.7, 1.8 and 1.3, respectively. A relationship was found between concentrations of myoglobin, bilirubin, creatinine in the blood and leptospirosis severity. Elevation of serum myoglobin as a manifestation of specific myositis is pathognomic for leptospirosis and contributes to the onset of acute renal failure and disturbance of bilirubin metabolism. Quantitation of blood myoglobin may be helpful as an additional test for leptospirosis severity. PMID- 9213968 TT - Znachenie mioglobina v patogeneze leptospiroza. EA - A SO - Ter Arkh 1997;69(4):69-72 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [112 medline neighbors] UI - 97295160 AU - Mittermayer H TI - [Community-acquired pneumonia--current status of pathogen diagnosis] LA - Ger MH - Bacteriological Techniques MH - Community-Acquired Infections/*diagnosis/microbiology MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - English Abstract MH - Human MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/*diagnosis/microbiology MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970630 DP - 1997 IS - 0303-8173 TA - Acta Med Austriaca PG - 8-9 SB - M CY - AUSTRIA IP - 1 VI - 24 JC - 0Y2 AA - Author EM - 9709 AB - Procedures for the microbiological diagnosis of acute community- acquired pneumonia are based on the expected pathogens. Although a great variety of microorganisms are able to cause community-acquired pneumonia only a few pathogens play an important role in daily practice. The most important investigations are blood cultures and sputum cultures to detect bacteria like pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus as well as antibody tests for Mycoplasma pneumonia and Chlamydia pneumonia. According to anamnesis and clinic presentation tests such as for Legionella or viruses have to be added. Sometimes also rare pathogens have to be considered such as Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira, Hantaviruses, cryptococci or Chlamydia psittaci. The standard procedure for diagnosis of tuberculosis is the microscopical examination and the standardized culture in liquid and on solid media. Amplification methods such as PCR are also useful for a rapid diagnosis. However, the application of amplification procedures alone without culture is not recommended. AD - Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, A.o. Krankenhauses der Elisabethinen, Linz. PMID- 9206930 TT - Ambulant erworbene Pneumonie--Aktueller Stand der Erregerdiagnostik. EA - A SO - Acta Med Austriaca 1997;24(1):8-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [109 medline neighbors] UI - 97276487 AU - Isogai E AU - Hirose K AU - Kimura K AU - Hayashi S AU - Kubota T AU - Fujii N AU - Isogai H TI - Role of platelet-activating-factor (PAF) on cellular responses after stimulation with leptospire lipopolysaccharide. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Cell Adhesion MH - Cell Aggregation MH - Comparative Study MH - Endothelium, Vascular/immunology MH - Human MH - Leptospira interrogans/*immunology MH - Lipopolysaccharides/*immunology MH - Platelet Activating Factor/*immunology MH - Platelet Aggregation MH - Rabbits MH - Shock, Septic/immunology RN - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides) RN - 0 (Platelet Activating Factor) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970702 DP - 1997 IS - 0385-5600 TA - Microbiol Immunol PG - 271-5 SB - M CY - JAPAN IP - 3 VI - 41 JC - MX7 AA - Author EM - 9709 AB - Leptospire lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated the adherence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Enhanced PMN adherence in response to leptospire LPS can be mediated by platelet-activator-factor (PAF), because a PAF antagonist reduced adherence. Leptospire LPS also induced the adherence platelets or U937. The second experiment involved leptospire LPS elicited platelet aggregation in a PMN-platelet mixture, because leptospire LPS stimulated human PMN but not the human platelets. The platelet response was observed only in the mixture system and was inhibited by a PAF antagonist. PAF could be an important pathogenic factor in human leptospirosis. AD - Department of Preventive Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Japan. PMID- 9130240 SO - Microbiol Immunol 1997;41(3):271-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [101 medline neighbors] UI - 97271526 AU - Douglin CP AU - Jordan C AU - Rock R AU - Hurley A AU - Levett PN TI - Risk factors for severe leptospirosis in the parish of St. Andrew, Barbados [letter] LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Animal MH - Barbados/epidemiology MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Child MH - Dogs MH - Female MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Rain MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Risk Factors MH - Seasons PT - LETTER DA - 970520 DP - 1997 Jan-Mar IS - 1080-6040 TA - Emerg Infect Dis PG - 78-80 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 1 VI - 3 JC - COD EM - 9707 PMID- 9126452 SO - Emerg Infect Dis 1997 Jan-Mar;3(1):78-80 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97269809 AU - Parma AE AU - Sanz ME AU - Lucchesi PM AU - Mazzonelli J AU - Petruccelli MA TI - Detection of an antigenic protein of Leptospira interrogans which shares epitopes with the equine cornea and lens. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antigens, Bacterial/*analysis/immunology MH - Bacterial Proteins/immunology MH - Blotting, Western/veterinary MH - Cornea/*immunology MH - Cross Reactions MH - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel/veterinary MH - Epitopes/*immunology MH - Horses/*immunology MH - Immunohistochemistry MH - Lens, Crystalline/*immunology MH - Leptospira interrogans/*immunology/ultrastructure MH - Microscopy, Electron/veterinary MH - Rabbits MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Bacterial Proteins) RN - 0 (Epitopes) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970515 DP - 1997 Jan IS - 1090-0233 TA - Vet J PG - 75-9 CY - ENGLAND IP - 1 VI - 153 JC - CS5 AA - Author EM - 9707 AB - A protein epitope which is involved in an antigenic relationship between equine ocular tissues and Leptospira interrogans was detected in homogenates of the bacterium. The antigenic determinant was harboured on a peptide structure which was shown to be sensitive to the action of denaturing and reducing agents by means of Western blotting. The outer surface of the leptospires appeared to be free of this epitope as was proved by dot-blot and electron microscopic studies. AD - Department of Animal Health, Immunochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of the Centre, Tandil, Argentina. PMID- 9125359 SO - Vet J 1997 Jan;153(1):75-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [102 medline neighbors] UI - 97177819 AU - Sting R AU - Nagel C AU - Steng G TI - [Significance of causes of infectious abortion in sheep flocks in northern Baden-Wurttemberg with special reference to Chlamydia psittaci] LA - Ger MH - Abortion, Veterinary/*epidemiology/*microbiology MH - Animal MH - Brucellosis/epidemiology/veterinary MH - *Chlamydia psittaci MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Germany/epidemiology MH - Leptospirosis/epidemiology/veterinary MH - Ornithosis/epidemiology/*veterinary MH - Pregnancy MH - Salmonella Infections, Animal/*epidemiology MH - Sheep MH - *Sheep Diseases PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970410 DP - 1997 Jan IS - 0005-9366 TA - Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr PG - 5-11 CY - GERMANY IP - 1 VI - 110 JC - 9Q8 AA - Author EM - 9706 AB - Investigations on the reasons of infectious abortion cases in sheep flocks in northern parts of Baden-Wuerttemberg eludicate the wide- spreading of Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) and its significance as the most frequent cause of abortions in sheep. Another important pathogen agent causing abortions is Salmonella abortus ovis (S. abortus ovis) which could be demonstrated by using a serological ELISA test. A less important role than C. psittaci and S. abortus ovis plays Coxiella burnetii in abortion of sheep. A high prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and border disease infections in sheep flocks could be revealed by serological studies, too. Statistical evaluations of the obtained results demonstrate a significantly increased number of positively reacting female sheep in flocks suffering from abortions in comparison to those deriving from flocks devoid of abortion cases. Serological studies on leptospirosis and brucellosis exclude a participation of these pathogen agents in abortion cases in the investigated flocks at present. The significance of zoonosis originated from sheep is emphasized. AD - Staatliches Tierarztliches Untersuchungsamt Stuttgart. PMID- 9092464 TT - Die Bedeutung infektioser Abortursachen in Schafherden im nordlichen Baden-Wurttemberg unter besonderer Berucksichtigung von Chlamydia psittaci. EA - A SO - Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1997 Jan;110(1):5-11 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [103 medline neighbors] UI - 97216907 AU - Subich MG AU - Avdeeva MG AU - Moisova DL TI - [Relationship between cytochemical activity of leukocytes and autorosette formation phenomenon and its clinical significance in patients with leptospirosis] LA - Rus MH - Acid Phosphatase/blood MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Alkaline Phosphatase/blood MH - Comparative Study MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Histocytochemistry MH - Human MH - Leukocytes/*immunology/metabolism MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - *Rosette Formation MH - Weil's Disease/diagnosis/*immunology/metabolism RN - EC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase) RN - EC 3.1.3.2 (Acid Phosphatase) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970408 DP - 1997 Jan IS - 0869-2084 TA - Klin Lab Diagn PG - 13-4 CY - RUSSIA IP - 1 JC - B17 AA - Author EM - 9706 AB - The content of autorosettes in the peripheral blood forming from red cells round neutrophils and monocytes was found increased during the acute period of icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis. Autorosette-forming cells are characterized by a high activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases and low NBT-test values. The content of autorosettes directly correlates with the disease severity, bilirubin level, and presence of anemia. Assessment of autorosette-forming cells in patients with leptospirosis may be used as an additional test for evaluating the severity of intoxication, disease course, and for predicting the complications and disease outcome. PMID- 9091125 TT - Vzaimosviaz' tsitokhimicheskoi aktivnosti leikotsitov s fenomenom autorozetkoobrazovaniia i ego klinicheskoe znachenie u bol'nykh leptospirozom. EA - A SO - Klin Lab Diagn 1997 Jan;(1):13-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [102 medline neighbors] UI - 97189436 AU - Ciceroni L AU - Bartoloni A AU - Pinto A AU - Guglielmetti P AU - Valdez Vasquez C AU - Gamboa Barahona H AU - Roselli M AU - Giannico F AU - Paradisi F TI - Serological survey of leptospiral infections in sheep, goats and dogs in Cordillera province, Bolivta. LA - Eng MH - Agglutination Tests MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*analysis MH - Bolivia/epidemiology MH - Dogs MH - Goats MH - Leptospira/*immunology MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/*veterinary MH - Prevalence MH - Seroepidemiologic Methods MH - Sheep RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970430 DP - 1997 Jan IS - 1121-7138 TA - New Microbiol PG - 77-81 SB - M CY - ITALY IP - 1 VI - 20 JC - CGC AA - Author EM - 9707 AB - A serological survey for antibodies to Leptospira spp. was conducted on sheep, goat and dog serum samples collected in three localities in Cordillera province in the southern part of the Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia) in 1992. A total of 98 sheep, 218 goats and 43 dogs were tested against 29 leptospiral serovars using the microscopic agglutination test. At the time of blood collection all of the examined animals appeared healthy and presented no clinical sign suggestive of leptospirosis. Antibody prevalences, as determined by positive results at a 1:100 dilution or higher, was 14.3% in sheep, 19.7% in goats, and 14.0% in dogs. Agglutinins against six serovars (poi. shermani, pomona, canicola, javanica, djasiman) were found in positive animals. The highest serological prevalence in sheep and goats was recorded for serovar poi, followed by pomona in sheep and shermani in goats. Titres to shermani were the commonest in dogs. The results of this survey indicate that leptospiral infection is common in south-east Bolivia and that serovars of several serogroups concur in the etiology. AD - Department of Bacteriology and Medical Mycology, Istituto Superiore di Santia, Rome, Italy PMID- 9037672 SO - New Microbiol 1997 Jan;20(1):77-81 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [106 medline neighbors] UI - 97179404 AU - Gese EM AU - Schultz RD AU - Johnson MR AU - Williams ES AU - Crabtree RL AU - Ruff RL TI - Serological survey for diseases in free-ranging coyotes (Canis latrans) in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. LA - Eng MH - Adenoviruses, Canine/immunology MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Antibodies, Viral/blood MH - Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/*veterinary MH - Brucella/immunology MH - Brucellosis/epidemiology/veterinary MH - *Carnivora MH - Disease Reservoirs MH - Distemper/epidemiology MH - Distemper Virus, Canine/immunology MH - Female MH - Francisella tularensis/immunology MH - Hepatitis, Infectious Canine/epidemiology MH - Male MH - Parvoviridae Infections/epidemiology/veterinary MH - Parvovirus, Canine/immunology MH - Plague/epidemiology/veterinary MH - Prevalence MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Tularemia/epidemiology/veterinary MH - Virus Diseases/epidemiology/*veterinary MH - Wyoming/epidemiology MH - Yersinia pestis/immunology RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 971106 DP - 1997 Jan IS - 0090-3558 TA - J Wildl Dis PG - 47-56 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 1 VI - 33 JC - KEM AA - Author EM - 9801 AB - From October 1989 to June 1993, we captured and sampled 110 coyotes (Canis latrans) for various diseases in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (USA). Prevalence of antibodies against canine parvovirus (CPV) was 100% for adults (> 24 months old), 100% for yearlings (12 to 24 months old), and 100% for old pups (4 to 12 months old); 0% of the young pups (< 3 months old) had antibodies against CPV. Presence of antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV) was associated with the age of the coyote, with 88%, 54%, 23%, and 0% prevalence among adults, yearlings, old pups, and young pups, respectively. Prevalence of CDV antibodies declined over time from 100% in 1989 to 33% in 1992. The prevalence of canine infectious hepatitis (ICH) virus antibodies was 97%, 82%, 54%, and 33%, for adults, yearlings, old pups, and young pups, respectively. The percentage of coyotes with ICH virus antibodies also declined over time from a high of 100% in 1989 to 31% in 1992, and 42% in 1993. Prevalence of antibodies against Yersinia pestis was 86%, 33%, 80%, and 7%, for adults, yearlings, old pups, and young pups, respectively, and changed over time from 57% in 1991 to 0% in 1993. The prevalence of antibodies against Francisella tularensis was 21%, 17%, 10%, and 20%, for adults, yearlings, old pups, and young pups, respectively. No coyotes had serologic evidence of exposure to brucellosis, either Brucella abortus or Brucella canis. No coyotes were seropositive to Leptospira interrogans (serovars canicola, hardjo, and icterohemorrhagiae). Prevalence of antibodies against L. interrogans serovar pomona was 7%, 0%, 0%, and 9%, for adults, yearlings, old pups, and young pups, respectively. Antibodies against L. interrogans serovar grippotyphosa were present in 17% of adults and 0% of yearlings, old pups, and young pups. Many infectious canine pathogens (CPV, CDV, ICH virus) are prevalent in coyotes in Yellowstone National Park, with CPV influencing coyote pup survival during the first 3 months of life; eight of 21 transmitted pups died of CPV infection in 1992. The potential impact of these canine pathogens on wolves (C. lupus) reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park remains to be documented. AD - Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA. PMID- 9027690 SO - J Wildl Dis 1997 Jan;33(1):47-56 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [104 medline neighbors] UI - 97171238 AU - Kim YG AU - Jeon DY AU - Yang MK TI - Superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxidation in the liver of guinea pig infected with Leptospira interrogans. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Guinea Pigs MH - *Lipid Peroxidation MH - Liver/*enzymology/microbiology/pathology MH - Mice MH - Microscopy, Electron MH - Superoxide Dismutase/*metabolism MH - Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysis MH - Weil's Disease/*enzymology/pathology RN - EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase) RN - 0 (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970605 DP - 1997 Jan IS - 1071-5762 TA - Free Radic Res PG - 1-6 SB - M CY - SWITZERLAND IP - 1 VI - 26 JC - BW3 AA - Author EM - 9708 AB - Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the degree of lipid peroxidation were studied over a two week period in guinea pigs infected with Leptospira interrogans derived from wild mice. The total SOD activity in infected host liver increased by four-fold two days after infection; this was followed by a 20% decrease resulting in levels comparable to normal, uninfected liver. During the period of decreasing SOD activity after day two, the levels of TBA-reactive material (TBARS) are increased by three-fold in infected guinea pig, liver, compared to uninfected liver. The results indicate that SOD attenuates intracellular superoxide-mediated toxic effects in guinea pigs infected with L. interrogans. In addition, electron microscopy structure demonstrates correlated pathogenic shrinkage of mitochondrial and Kupffer cell structures. AD - Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Kwangju, Korea. PMID- 9018467 SO - Free Radic Res 1997 Jan;26(1):1-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [98 medline neighbors] UI - 97161585 AU - Masri SA AU - Nguyen PT AU - Gale SP AU - Howard CJ AU - Jung SC TI - A polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Leptospira spp. in bovine semen. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Cattle MH - DNA Primers MH - Genome, Bacterial MH - Kidney/microbiology MH - Leptospira/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/*diagnosis/urine MH - Male MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - Restriction Mapping MH - Semen/*microbiology RN - 0 (DNA Primers) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970603 DP - 1997 Jan IS - 0830-9000 TA - Can J Vet Res PG - 15-20 SB - M CY - CANADA IP - 1 VI - 61 JC - CKL AA - Author EM - 9708 AB - A rapid and specific method for the detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in bovine semen using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is described. The primers used were derived from an EcoR1/BamH1 fragment that hybridized strongly to chromosomal DNA from the hardjobovis serovar. Three different extraction methods were evaluated in this study: phenol-chloroform extraction method, proteinase K (PK) in 1% SDS, followed by phenol-chloroform, and phenol-chloroform followed by 1% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). A PCR product of approximately 500 base pairs (bp) in length was obtained when DNA from pure Leptospira culture was used as a template for PCR, regardless of the DNA extraction method used. The product was consistent with that predicted from the gene sequence. However, in semen seeded in vitro, as well as in semen from infected bulls, a PCR product was obtained only when the leptospiral DNA was extracted from the specimen using the CTAB method. In contrast, other methods used for DNA extraction did not generate suitable templates for the PCR procedure. This is the first PCR protocol developed to detect Leptospira in bovine semen. The PCR protocol provided a direct and unequivocal demonstration that Leptospira can be detected in semen of infected animals. The CTAB method was also used successfully in detecting Leptospira in the urine of infected animals. The PCR procedure was shown to be more sensitive than either the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) or culture for detecting the organism in urine. AD - Animal Diseases Research Institute, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta. PMID- 9008795 SO - Can J Vet Res 1997 Jan;61(1):15-20 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [158 medline neighbors] UI - 97123670 AU - Letocart M AU - Baranton G AU - Perolat P TI - Rapid identification of pathogenic Leptospira species (Leptospira interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, and L. kirschneri) with species- specific DNA probes produced by arbitrarily primed PCR. LA - Eng MH - *Bacterial Typing Techniques MH - *DNA Probes MH - DNA, Bacterial/*analysis MH - Human MH - Leptospira/*classification/isolation & purification MH - Leptospira interrogans/*classification MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods MH - Species Specificity MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (DNA Probes) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970319 DP - 1997 Jan IS - 0095-1137 TA - J Clin Microbiol PG - 248-53 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 1 VI - 35 JC - HSH AA - Author EM - 9705 AB - Arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) assays can be used to discriminate between species of Leptospira. Comparative analysis of the fingerprints obtained from representative sets of serovar reference strains of Leptospira interrogans sensu stricto, L. borgpetersenii, and L. kirschneri and the reference strains of the other Leptospira spp. revealed species-specific DNA fragments. These species-specific sequences were reamplified in order to produce digoxigenin-11-dUTP- labeled genomic DNA probes that could be used to identify Leptospira species. Three probes (specific for L. interrogans sensu stricto, L. borgpetersenii, and L. kirschneri) were selected and tested with 72 representative serovar reference strains, all of which had previously been studied by DNA-DNA hybridization. The two techniques were in general agreement, and hybridization with AP-PCR-derived probes was shown to be a useful approach for rapid species determination of leptospires, without the prior need for DNA sequence information. These nonradioactive probes can be used to identify Leptospira species in nonspecialized laboratories, and this should contribute to a better knowledge of the molecular epidemiology of leptospirosis. AD - Laboratoire des Leptospires, Institut Pasteur, Noumea, Nouvelle- Caledonie, France. PMID- 8968917 SO - J Clin Microbiol 1997 Jan;35(1):248-53 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [168 medline neighbors] UI - 97123639 AU - Gussenhoven GC AU - van der Hoorn MA AU - Goris MG AU - Terpstra WJ AU - Hartskeerl RA AU - Mol BW AU - van Ingen CW AU - Smits HL TI - LEPTO dipstick, a dipstick assay for detection of Leptospira-specific immunoglobulin M antibodies in human sera. LA - Eng MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood/immunology MH - Human MH - IgM/*blood MH - Immunoenzyme Techniques MH - Leptospira/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/blood/*microbiology RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (IgM) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970319 DP - 1997 Jan IS - 0095-1137 TA - J Clin Microbiol PG - 92-7 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 1 VI - 35 JC - HSH AA - Author EM - 9705 AB - We studied a dipstick assay for the detection of Leptospira-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in human serum samples. A high degree of concordance was observed between the results of the dipstick assay and an IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Application of the dipstick assay for the detection of acute leptospirosis enabled the accurate identification, early in the disease, of a high proportion of the cases of leptospirosis. Analysis of a second serum sample is recommended, in order to determine seroconversion or increased staining intensity. All serum samples from the patients who were confirmed to be positive for leptospirosis by either a positive microscopic agglutination test or a positive culture but were found to be negative by the dipstick assay were also judged to be negative by the IgM ELISA or revealed borderline titers by the IgM ELISA. Some cross-reactivity was observed for sera from patients with diseases other than leptospirosis, and this should be taken into account in the interpretation of test results. The dipstick assay is easy to perform, can be performed quickly, and requires no electricity or special equipment, and the assay components, a dipstick and a staining reagent, can be stored for a prolonged period without a loss of reactivity, even at elevated temperatures. AD - Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. PMID- 8968886 SO - J Clin Microbiol 1997 Jan;35(1):92-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [106 medline neighbors] UI - 97174690 AU - Stanko M AU - Prokopcakova H AU - Fricova J AU - Pet'ko B TI - [Leptospira antibodies in small mammals in Eastern Slovakia] LA - Slo MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*analysis MH - English Abstract MH - Leptospira/*immunology MH - Muridae/*microbiology MH - Slovakia RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970303 DP - 1996 Dec IS - 0375-8427 TA - Vet Med (Praha) PG - 373-7 CY - CZECH REPUBLIC IP - 12 VI - 41 JC - XBP AA - Author EM - 9705 AB - During the five years (1991-1995) mostly free living small mammals were examined serologically for the presence of antibodies to leptospira. Serological examinations were used by Kmety and Bakoss (1978). Altogether, 2493 individuals of 22 species were examined, an important part of host material (69.6%) was caught in two lowland areas which are intensively cultivated landscapes (East Slovakian Lowland and Kosicka kotlina basin). The remaining material comes from submontane areas with less agricultural activities. Apodemus flavicollis, A. agrarius, Clethrionomys glareolus were the most frequently examined species. Antibodies to leptospira were demonstrated in 123 mammals (i. e. in 5.0% of hosts) of eleven species. The highest percentage of positive hosts were recorded in 1993 (8.8%) and the lowest (2.6%) in 1995, but the examined samples were different in size and structure of host species. In six most dominant species higher values of antibodies to leptospira were detected in Microtus arvalis (9.2%), followed by Apodemus flavicollis (5.6%), A. agrarius (5.4%) and A. microps (4.9%). The lowest values were found in Clethrionomys glareolus (2.5%) and Sorex araneus (2.3%). In examined hosts we found antibodies to six serovars of leptospira. The most frequently observed antibodies were to leptospira of the serovar L. grippotyphosa (63.2%) and leptospira of the serovar L. sejroe (26.4%). We recorded nonsignificant differences between the values of prevalence to antibodies in small mammal communities from lowland and submontane areas, resp. Our results confirmed differences in the leptospira serovar structure in small mammals of Bohemia and Slovakia, they were connected with different historical development of both areas. Comparing our results with previous examinations (about 20 years ago) in small mammals from eastern Slovakia, a decline of positivity and lower number of leptospira serovars were recorded. AD - Institute of Zoology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic. stankom@saske.sk PMID- 9045500 TT - Vyskyt protilatok proti leptospiram u drobnych cicavcov na vychodnom slovensku. EA - A SO - Vet Med (Praha) 1996 Dec;41(12):373-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [149 medline neighbors] UI - 97171463 AU - Teal TH AU - Chapman M AU - Guillemette T AU - Margulis L TI - Free-living spirochetes from Cape Cod microbial mats detected by electron microscopy. LA - Eng MH - Massachusetts MH - Microscopy, Electron MH - Seawater MH - Spirochaetales/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MH - *Water Microbiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970417 DP - 1996 Dec IS - 0213-4101 TA - Microbiologia PG - 571-84 SB - M CY - SPAIN IP - 4 VI - 12 JC - AIF AA - Author EM - 9706 AB - Spirochetes from microbial mats and anaerobic mud samples collected in salt marshes were studied by light microscopy, whole mount and thin section transmission electron microscopy. Enriched in cellobiose- rifampin medium, selective for Spirochaeta bajacaliforniensis, seven distinguishable spirochete morphotypes were observed. Their diameters ranged from 0.17 micron to > 0.45 micron. Six of these morphotypes came from southwest Cape Cod, Massachusetts: five from Microcoleus-dominated mat samples collected at Sippewissett salt marsh and one from anoxic mud collected at School Street salt marsh (on the east side of Eel Pond). The seventh morphotype was enriched from anoxic mud sampled from the north central Cape Cod, at the Sandy Neck salt marsh. Five of these morphotypes are similar or identical to previously described spirochetes (Leptospira, Spirochaeta halophila, Spirochaeta bajacaliforniensis, Spirosymplokos deltaeiberi and Treponema), whereas the other two have unique features that suggest they have not been previously described. One of the morphotypes resembles Spirosymplokos deltaeiberi (the largest free-living spirochete described), in its large variable diameter (0.4-3.0 microns), cytoplasmic granules, and spherical (round) bodies with composite structure. This resemblance permits its tentative identification as a Sippewissett strain of Spirosymplokos deltaeiberi. Microbial mats samples collected in sterile Petri dishes and stored dry for more than four years yielded many organisms upon rewetting, including small unidentified spirochetes in at least 4 out of 100 enrichments. AD - Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003-5018, USA. PMID- 9018691 SO - Microbiologia 1996 Dec;12(4):571-84 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [123 medline neighbors] UI - 97150663 AU - Lucht F AU - Lafond P AU - Bertrand JC TI - [Myopericarditis and auricular fibrillation disclosing septicemic leptospirosis (letter; comment)] LA - Fre MH - Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis/etiology MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*blood/complications/diagnosis MH - Myocarditis/complications/diagnosis/*etiology MH - Pericarditis/complications/diagnosis/*etiology MH - Septicemia/*diagnosis/etiology/microbiology PT - COMMENT PT - LETTER DA - 970123 DP - 1996 Nov 23 IS - 0755-4982 TA - Presse Med PG - 1805 SB - X SB - M CY - FRANCE IP - 36 VI - 25 JC - PMT EM - 9703 CM - Comment on: Presse Med 1996 Mar 30;25(11):555 RO - M:CNR PMID- 8999426 LR - 970414 TT - Myopericardite et fibrillation auriculaire revelatrices d'une leptospirose septicemique. SO - Presse Med 1996 Nov 23;25(36):1805 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [105 medline neighbors] UI - 97037752 AU - Vinetz JM AU - Glass GE AU - Flexner CE AU - Mueller P AU - Kaslow DC TI - Sporadic urban leptospirosis. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis MH - Baltimore/epidemiology MH - Disease Vectors MH - DNA, Bacterial/analysis MH - Female MH - Human MH - Leptospira interrogans/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/diagnosis/*epidemiology/transmission MH - Male MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Rats/microbiology/urine MH - Risk Factors MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - *Urban Health RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961119 DP - 1996 Nov 15 IS - 0003-4819 TA - Ann Intern Med PG - 794-8 SB - A SB - M SB - X CY - UNITED STATES IP - 10 VI - 125 JC - 5A6 AA - Author EM - 9701 AB - BACKGROUND: Surprisingly, many inner-city residents have antibodies to Leptospira interrogans. The manner in which these persons acquire this organism in the absence of recognized occupational, recreational, or epidemic risk factors is not known. OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiology of patients with leptospirosis who acquired L. interrogans in inner-city Baltimore, Maryland. DESIGN: Epidemiologic investigation. SETTING: Inner-city university hospital. PATIENTS: Three inner-city residents who developed leptospirosis. MEASUREMENTS: Trapping rats in alleys where the patients may have acquired L. interrogans; polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of patients serum and cerebrospinal fluid specimens and rat tissues to determine the presence of leptospiral DNA; and serologic testing of serum from patients and rats by microagglutination assay to confirm L. interrogans infection. RESULTS: Three patients developed leptospirosis after probable percutaneous exposure to rat (Rattus norvegicus) urine in Baltimore alleys. A PCR assay detected L. interrogans DNA in samples of body fluid obtained from the first two patients at presentation (one in cerebrospinal fluid, the other in serum). Results of PCR done on serum drawn from the third patient after antibiotic therapy began were negative. A microagglutination test showed that all patients had high levels of antibodies to the L. interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae. In 19 of 21 rats that were trapped in the alleys where the patients had sustained lacerations before illness developed, kidney or brain tissues were positive by PCR for the presence of L. interrogans. CONCLUSIONS: A population was discovered to be at risk for acquiring L. interrogans: urban residents who are sporadically exposed to rat urine in the inner city. Inner-city rats often carry L. interrogans. Polymerase chain reaction can quickly establish the diagnosis of leptospirosis and is useful for epidemiologic study. An endemic substrate for the transmission of the organism is present in inner-city Baltimore. Leptospirosis may become increasingly recognized in deteriorating inner cities in which rat populations are expanding. AD - Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. PMID- 8928985 SO - Ann Intern Med 1996 Nov 15;125(10):794-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [103 medline neighbors] UI - 97211571 AU - Stoianova NA AU - Sergeiko LM AU - Sleptsova VI TI - [Immunological monitoring and the epidemiological characteristics of leptospirosis in Saint Petersburg] LA - Rus MH - Animal MH - Disease Reservoirs MH - Disease Vectors MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/immunology/transmission MH - Monitoring, Immunologic MH - Morbidity/trends MH - Russia/epidemiology MH - *Urban Population MH - Weil's Disease/epidemiology/immunology/transmission PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970417 DP - 1996 Nov-Dec IS - 0372-9311 TA - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol PG - 120-2 SB - M CY - RUSSIA IP - 6 JC - Y9O EM - 9706 PMID- 9103067 TT - Immunologicheskii monitoring i epidemiologicheskie osobennosti leptospiroza v Sankt-Peterburge. SO - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1996 Nov-Dec;(6):120-2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [98 medline neighbors] UI - 97155391 AU - Bek M AU - Koppl H AU - Schwarzkopf G AU - Freudenberg N TI - [Weil's disease and necrotizing herpes pneumonia as the cause of death of a 39-year-old sewage drain worker] LA - Ger MH - Adult MH - Case Report MH - *Cause of Death MH - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/pathology MH - English Abstract MH - Herpes Simplex/*pathology MH - Human MH - Lung/pathology MH - Male MH - Necrosis MH - Occupational Diseases/*pathology MH - Pneumonia, Viral/*pathology MH - Sewage/microbiology MH - Weil's Disease/*pathology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970328 DP - 1996 Nov IS - 0172-8113 TA - Pathologe PG - 471-6 SB - M CY - GERMANY IP - 6 VI - 17 JC - PLK AA - Author EM - 9706 AB - Acute leptospirosis in Europe (Weil's disease) is a rare and in more than 90% of the cases undiagnosed febrile, self-limited disease. We report the case of a 39-year-old sewerage worker, who was admitted to our hospital with fever, jaundice, pain in his calves and acute renal failure. Serology revealed elevated antibody titers against Leptospira canicola, L. icterhaemorrhagica and L. sejroe. The patient developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with diffuse gastrointestinal bleeding due to thrombocytopenia. The ECG showed atrial fibrillation with irregularly irregular rhythm. Cardiac arrest developed, most likely due to hypoxia, with a drop in the blood pressure. Despite immediate resuscitation efforts the patient developed severe hypoxic brain damage and died a few days later. Autopsy disclosed histologic signs of a generalized leptospiral infection, signs of shock and within the lungs a necrotizing herpes simplex virus pneumonia causing the death of the patient. The virus pneumonia most probably was caused by retrograde canalicular dissemination of oral secretions since herpetic tracheitis and esophagitis were found and herpetic lesions were readily identified on the lips and tongue. A medical opinion asked for by the professional association having liability for occupational safety and insurance was given, the disease being recognized as an occupational disease. AD - Abteilung Allgemeine Pathologie, Universitat, Freiburg i. Br. PMID- 9082372 TT - Weil'sche Erkrankung und nekrotisierende Herpespneumonie als Todesursache bei einem 39 Jahre alt gewordenen Kanalarbeiter. EA - A SO - Pathologe 1996 Nov;17(6):471-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97215690 AU - Rajiv C AU - Manjuran RJ AU - Sudhayakumar N AU - Haneef M TI - Cardiovascular involvement in leptospirosis. LA - Eng MH - Atrial Fibrillation/etiology MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis/*etiology MH - Echocardiography MH - Electrocardiography MH - Female MH - Heart Function Tests MH - Human MH - Hypotension/etiology MH - Leptospirosis/*complications/diagnosis MH - Male MH - Prognosis MH - Tachycardia/etiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970410 DP - 1996 Nov-Dec IS - 0019-4832 TA - Indian Heart J PG - 691-4 CY - INDIA IP - 6 VI - 48 JC - GHR AA - Author EM - 9706 AB - Cardiovascular involvement was studied in 50 patients with serologically proved leptospirosis. Twelve (24%) patients had dyspnoea and 18 (36%) had transient hypotension during the illness. None of them had cardiac enlargement, development of new murmur or pericardial rub. Various electrocardiographic abnormalities occurred in 70 percent of patients. Atrial fibrillation was the most common major arrhythmia (14%). Conduction system abnormalities were seen in 36 percent of patients. T-wave changes were observed in 30 percent of patients. Left ventricular function as assessed by echocardiography and Doppler examination was normal. Three (6%) patients died due to renal failure. In conclusion, even though ECG abnormalities were frequently seen in leptospirosis, there was no data to support associated left ventricular dysfunction. Dyspnoea and hypotension occurring in patients of leptospirosis must be due to a noncardiac mechanism. AD - Department of Medicine, Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala. PMID- 9062020 SO - Indian Heart J 1996 Nov-Dec;48(6):691-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [106 medline neighbors] UI - 97081581 AU - Tajiki H AU - Salomao R TI - Association of plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha with severity of disease and mortality among patients with leptospirosis. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/blood/mortality/*physiopathology MH - Male MH - *Severity of Illness Index MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor/*metabolism RN - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970228 DP - 1996 Nov IS - 1058-4838 TA - Clin Infect Dis PG - 1177-8 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 5 VI - 23 JC - A4J EM - 9705 AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil. PMID- 8922824 SO - Clin Infect Dis 1996 Nov;23(5):1177-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [124 medline neighbors] UI - 97062988 AU - Harkin KR AU - Gartrell CL TI - Canine leptospirosis in New Jersey and Michigan: 17 cases (1990-1995). LA - Eng MH - Amoxicillin/therapeutic use MH - Ampicillin/therapeutic use MH - Animal MH - Dog Diseases/*epidemiology/mortality/therapy MH - Dogs MH - Female MH - Fluid Therapy/veterinary MH - *Leptospira/classification MH - Leptospirosis/epidemiology/therapy/*veterinary MH - Male MH - Michigan/epidemiology MH - New Jersey/epidemiology MH - Penicillins/therapeutic use MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Survival Rate RN - 0 (Penicillins) RN - 26787-78-0 (Amoxicillin) RN - 69-53-4 (Ampicillin) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970121 DP - 1996 Nov-Dec IS - 0587-2871 TA - J Am Anim Hosp Assoc PG - 495-501 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 6 VI - 32 JC - B91 AA - Author EM - 9703 AB - The clinical, laboratory, and serological findings in 17 dogs with disease resulting from leptospiral infection were evaluated retrospectively. Acute renal failure was the most common syndrome, but cholestatic hepatic disease also was common. The most prevalent serovars identified were pomona, grippotyphosa, and autumnalis. Paired serology was available on 10 dogs. Aggressive fluid therapy in combination with ampicillin or amoxicillin resulted in a good survival rate. Canine leptospirosis may be more common than suspected, and paired serology often is necessary to confirm a diagnosis. AD - Oradell Animal Hospital, New Jersey 07649, USA. PMID- 8906726 SO - J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1996 Nov-Dec;32(6):495-501 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [101 medline neighbors] UI - 97055509 AU - Parenti DM AU - Steinberg W AU - Kang P TI - Infectious causes of acute pancreatitis. LA - Eng MH - *Bacterial Infections MH - Human MH - Mycoses MH - Pancreatitis/*microbiology/*parasitology/VI MH - *Parasitic Diseases MH - *Virus Diseases PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, ACADEMIC DA - 970220 DP - 1996 Nov IS - 0885-3177 TA - Pancreas PG - 356-71 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 4 VI - 13 JC - PRS AA - Author EM - 9704 AB - A wide variety of infectious agents has been associated with acute pancreatitis. Strict diagnostic criteria were developed to assess with relationship between individual microorganisms and acute pancreatitis. Pathologic or radiologic evidence of pancreatitis associated with well- documented infection was noted with viruses (mumps, coxsackie, hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus), bacteria (Mycoplasma, Legionella, Leptospira, Salmonella), fungi (Aspergillus), and parasites (Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, Ascaris). Clues to the infectious nature of pancreatitis lay in the characteristic signs and symptoms associated with the particular infectious agent. How often these agents are responsible for idiopathic pancreatitis is unclear. AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA. RF - 238 PMID- 8899796 SO - Pancreas 1996 Nov;13(4):356-71 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 98023988 AU - Gulland FM AU - Koski M AU - Lowenstine LJ AU - Colagross A AU - Morgan L AU - Spraker T TI - Leptospirosis in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) stranded along the central California coast, 1981-1994 [In Process Citation] LA - Eng DA - 971111 DP - 1996 Oct IS - 0090-3558 TA - J Wildl Dis PG - 572-80 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 4 VI - 32 JC - KEM AA - AUTHOR AB - Prevalence of leptospirosis was determined in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) stranded live along the central California (USA) coast between January 1981 and December 1994. Clinical signs of renal disease were seen in 764 (33%) of 2338 animals examined; 545 (71%) of these 764 animals died, with similar gross lesions of nephritis. In silver impregnation stains of sections of formalin-fixed kidney, numerous loosely coiled spiral organisms were observed. Leptospira pomona kenniwicki was cultured from four kidney samples in 1991. Epizootics of leptospirosis occurred in 1984, 1988, 1991, and 1994, and were more common in the autumn, typically affecting juvenile males. In 1991 and 1994, 47 animals sampled had antibody titers to L. pomona greater than 1:3200. In 1992, 20 animals sampled were seronegative, and in 1993 three of 20 animals sampled had low titers to L. pomona. AD - Marine Mammal Center, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Sausalito, California 94965, USA. RO - O:099 PMID- 9359054 SO - J Wildl Dis 1996 Oct;32(4):572-80 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [103 medline neighbors] UI - 97139361 AU - Gorelova NB AU - Bellenger E AU - Postic D AU - Kovalevskii IuV TI - [Spontaneous mixed infection in rodents with Borrelia and Leptospira] LA - Rus MH - Animal MH - Borrelia/isolation & purification MH - Borrelia Infections/microbiology/*veterinary MH - Disease Reservoirs MH - English Abstract MH - Leptospira/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/microbiology/*veterinary MH - Microtinae/*microbiology MH - Rodent Diseases/*microbiology MH - Rodentia MH - Russia MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970218 DP - 1996 Oct-Dec IS - 0025-8326 TA - Med Parazitol (Mosk) PG - 53 CY - RUSSIA IP - 4 JC - M72 AA - Author EM - 9704 AB - This study was performed in a natural ITBB focus located in Perm' region of Russia. In 1993-1995, 73 root voles (Microtus oeconomus), collected in the forests, were examined by means of inoculation of internal organs on BSK-II medium. Borrelia were found in 13 animals (17.8%). According to the results in RLFP analysis 11 isolates were classified as B. garinii, 1 as B. afzelii and 1 as mixture of B. garinii and B. afzelii. In one case Leptospira, which was identified by PFGE analysis as grippotyphosa serovar, was found simultaneously with B. garinii in the BSK-II culture from urinary bladder. Our data testify to the fact of existence of mixed foci of leptospirosis and borreliosis. Moreover, one animal may serve as a reservoir host simultaneously of two different spirochetal agents. PMID- 9026677 TT - Spontannaia mikstazarazhennost' gryzuna borreliiami i leptospirami. EA - A SO - Med Parazitol (Mosk) 1996 Oct-Dec;(4):53 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [110 medline neighbors] UI - 97061285 AU - Deruaz D AU - Eid P AU - Deruaz J AU - Sempere A AU - Bourgouin C AU - Rodhain F AU - Perez-Eid C TI - Use of enzyme-labelled protein G assay for the detection of anti Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in wild animal sera. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Animals, Wild/*immunology MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood MH - Borrelia burgdorferi/*immunology MH - Deer/*immunology MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - France MH - Gene Amplification/methods MH - Hemagglutination Tests MH - IgG/*immunology MH - Lyme Disease/immunology/veterinary MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (IgG) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970227 DP - 1996 Oct IS - 0392-2990 TA - Eur J Epidemiol PG - 515-9 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 5 VI - 12 JC - ERE AA - Author EM - 9705 AB - A modified ELISA was developed for the detection of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) IgG antibodies in wild animal sera based on an Enzyme- Labelled-protein G Assay (ELGA). Microplates were coated with an extract of Bb sensu stricto strain (SVI) as antigen. Specific antibodies of the serum samples were detected by a peroxidase-labelled- protein G. Using comparative immunodiagnosis by means of a passive hemagglutination test (HA), ELGA was tested on 82 roe-deer blood samples. A correlation was found between the two methods (r = 0.66). Good reproducibility of titers was observed by ELGA technique. A minimal cross-reactivity was discovered with Leptospira. ELGA could facilitate the recognition of specific antibodies in collections of wild animal sera. AD - Unite d' Ecologie des Systemes Vectoriels, Institut Pasteur, Paris; France. PMID- 8905315 SO - Eur J Epidemiol 1996 Oct;12(5):515-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [153 medline neighbors] UI - 96434723 AU - Brown CA AU - Roberts AW AU - Miller MA AU - Davis DA AU - Brown SA AU - Bolin CA AU - Jarecki-Black J AU - Greene CE AU - Miller-Liebl D TI - Leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa infection in dogs. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Cross Reactions MH - Dog Diseases/etiology/*microbiology MH - Dogs MH - Kidney Failure, Acute/etiology/*veterinary MH - Leptospira interrogans/classification/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/complications/microbiology/*veterinary MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970113 DP - 1996 Oct 1 IS - 0003-1488 TA - J Am Vet Med Assoc PG - 1265-7 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 7 VI - 209 JC - HAV AA - Author EM - 9703 AB - Leptospirosis attributed to infection with serovar grippotyphosa was diagnosed in 11 dogs. In naturally and experimentally infected dogs, a stereotypic serologic response to infection with Leptospira serovar grippotyphosa was detected. Although the highest serum antibody titers developed against serovar grippotyphosa, most dogs also had lower titers against serovars bratislava and pomona. Acute renal failure was evident in 10 dogs. One dog died prior to initiation of treatment; the remaining 10 dogs were treated with antibiotics and fluids. Two dogs were euthanatized, 2 dogs recovered without clinical or biochemical evidence of residual renal dysfunction, and 6 dogs recovered but had varying degrees of renal insufficiency. Hepatic involvement appeared to be a minor component of the disease in these dogs. Our results indicate that Leptospira serovar grippotyphosa infection is an important problem in dogs and should be considered when evaluating a dog with renal failure. AD - Athens Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA. PMID- 8837647 SO - J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996 Oct 1;209(7):1265-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [144 medline neighbors] UI - 97048660 AU - Dhaliwal GS AU - Murray RD AU - Dobson H AU - Montgomery J AU - Ellis WA TI - Effect of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection on milk yield in endemically infected dairy herds. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/*microbiology MH - Female MH - Lactation MH - Leptospira interrogans/*isolation & purification MH - Milk/*secretion MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Weil's Disease/*veterinary PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970128 DP - 1996 Sep 28 IS - 0042-4900 TA - Vet Rec PG - 319-20 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 13 VI - 139 JC - XBS EM - 9704 AD - Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Animal Husbandry, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral. PMID- 8893491 SO - Vet Rec 1996 Sep 28;139(13):319-20 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [104 medline neighbors] UI - 97007425 AU - van de Wouw AJ AU - Buiting AG AU - van Boven WP AU - van der Heul C TI - [Rhabdomyolysis and kidney insufficiency in van Weil syndrome] LA - Dut MH - Adult MH - Case Report MH - English Abstract MH - Hemodialysis MH - Human MH - Kidney Failure, Acute/*etiology/therapy MH - Male MH - Rhabdomyolysis/*etiology MH - Weil's Disease/*complications PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961114 DP - 1996 Sep 7 IS - 0028-2162 TA - Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd PG - 1820-2 CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 36 VI - 140 JC - NUK AA - Author EM - 9701 AB - In two men, aged 20 and 23 years, who suffered from fever, jaundice, severe muscle pain and decreased renal function, Weil's syndrome was diagnosed, accompanied by severe rhabdomyolysis. Haemodialysis was needed temporarily in one patient. Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by spirochaetes. It is a rare disorder in the Netherlands. In 5-10% of the patients so-called icteric leptospirosis is seen: Weil's syndrome. The diagnosis of Weil's syndrome is supported by the presence of high fever, intense muscle aching and jaundice. Renal involvement is frequent and haemodialysis is sometimes required. The pathogenesis of the tubular necrosis is unclear. Adequate therapy can prevent irreversible renal damage. AD - Sint Elisabethziekenhuis, Afd. Interne Geneeskunde, Tilburg. PMID- 8927145 TT - Rabdomyolyse en nierinsufficientie bij het syndroom van Weil. EA - A SO - Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1996 Sep 7;140(36):1820-2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97105284 AU - Lawrence IG AU - Dalby RJ AU - Lad NR AU - Shepherd RJ TI - An atypical case of atypical pneumonia. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Case Report MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Human MH - Leptospira/*isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/*complications/*diagnosis MH - Male MH - Pneumonia/*etiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970107 DP - 1996 Sep IS - 0007-0947 TA - Br J Clin Pract PG - 346-8 CY - ENGLAND IP - 6 VI - 50 JC - AVK AA - Author EM - 9703 AB - A 23-year-old man, previously fit and well, presented with an atypical pneumonia, associated with microangiopathic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, rhabdomyolysis and renal impairment. Despite administration of intravenous fluids and antibiotics, his condition rapidly deteriorated, and the possibility of an aggressive connective tissue disorder was raised. Thus he was treated with high-dose oral steroids and plasma exchange until autoantibodies were shown to be negative. At this stage it transpired that the patient had swallowed water from a stream three weeks earlier, and leptospira antibody titres were subsequently found to be elevated. Antibiotics were continued, and after a protracted course he made a full recovery. Leptospirosis should be remembered as a rare cause of atypical pneumonia, particularly if there is associated hepatic or renal impairment. AD - Department of Medicine, Leicester General Hospital. PMID- 8983327 SO - Br J Clin Pract 1996 Sep;50(6):346-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [106 medline neighbors] UI - 97128425 AU - Natrajaseenivasan K AU - Ratnam S TI - An investigation of leptospirosis in a laboratory animal house. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - *Animals, Laboratory MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Guinea Pigs MH - Human MH - *Laboratory Personnel MH - Leptospirosis/*microbiology/*veterinary MH - Mice MH - Occupational Diseases/*microbiology MH - Prevalence MH - Rabbits MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Zoonoses/*microbiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970116 DP - 1996 Sep IS - 0019-5138 TA - J Commun Dis PG - 153-7 CY - INDIA IP - 3 VI - 28 JC - IBN AA - Author EM - 9703 AB - A study was undertaken to investigate the possible involvement of leptospires in causing infection and persistent deaths among albino mice and wistar rats of a laboratory animal house. The serological study revealed that 79.2% of mice, 90% of wistar rats, 71.4% of guinea pigs and 81.8% of rabbits had leptospiral antibodies to one or more of serogroups. Autumnalis predominated in guinea pigs and mice, while Javanica predominated in wistar rats. Rabbits exhibited equal seroprevalence of Autumnalis and Javanica. The animal house workers had 91.0% sero positivity, predominantly Autumnalis while control human group had only 20%. All isolations made from a mice (M2) and six wistar rats (W1, W4, W8 W9, W12 & W13) were serovar javanica and incidentally the isolate from a trapped house rat (R1) also belonged to the same serovar javanica. The house rat was perhaps the source of virulent leptospires for causing infection and mortality among laboratory animals like mice and wistar rats. AD - TN Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Madras, Tamilnadu. PMID- 8973012 SO - J Commun Dis 1996 Sep;28(3):153-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [103 medline neighbors] UI - 97053879 AU - Kikuchi N AU - Hiramune T AU - Takahashi T AU - Yanagawa R TI - Detection of leptospiral plasmid and comparison of plasmid profiles between virulent and avirulent leptospires. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Chemotaxis/physiology MH - Comparative Study MH - DNA, Bacterial/*analysis MH - Electrophoresis/methods/veterinary MH - Guinea Pigs MH - Hamsters MH - Hemoglobins/metabolism MH - Leptospira/*genetics/physiology/*pathogenicity MH - Plasmids/*analysis RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Hemoglobins) RN - 0 (Plasmids) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970206 DP - 1996 Sep IS - 0916-7250 TA - J Vet Med Sci PG - 915-7 SB - M CY - JAPAN IP - 9 VI - 58 JC - A27 AA - Author EM - 9704 AB - Detection of plasmid from leptospires and a comparison of the plasmid profiles between virulent and avirulent strains were performed to investigate whether leptospires contained plasmid(s) associated with virulence. Virulent strains of Leptospira interrogans serovars copenhageni, lai, canicola and pomona, which were virulent for the guinea pig and/or hamster and which showed chemotaxis toward hemoglobin, contained approximately 370 kilobases (kb) plasmid. Avirulent strains of L. interrogans also contained identical plasmid. Similar plasmid profiles in virulent and avirulent strains of L. interrogans were observed. These data showed that no plasmids associated with virulence or chemotaxis were detected. Strains of saprophytic leptospires, L. biflexa and Leptonema illini, did not possess any plasmid. AD - Department of epizootiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan. PMID- 8898293 SO - J Vet Med Sci 1996 Sep;58(9):915-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [114 medline neighbors] UI - 97040296 AU - de Silva JJ TI - Experimental leptospirosis (L interrogans serovar copenhageni) of the guinea pig.studies on the pathogenesis and immunohistochemistry of hepatic lesions. LA - Eng LA - Por MH - Animal MH - Dissertations, Academic MH - Guinea Pigs MH - *Leptospira interrogans MH - Leptospirosis/*etiology/pathology MH - Liver Diseases/*etiology/pathology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961216 DP - 1996 Sep-Oct IS - 0037-8682 TA - Rev Soc Bras Med Trop PG - 511-2 CY - BRAZIL IP - 5 VI - 29 JC - RET EM - 9702 PMID- 8885678 SO - Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1996 Sep-Oct;29(5):511-2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [135 medline neighbors] UI - 97040290 AU - Leite LT AU - Resende M AU - de Souza W AU - Camargos ER AU - Koury MC TI - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the EDTA extract of Leptospira interrogans, serovar icterohaemorrhagiae. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology MH - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - Edetic Acid MH - Female MH - Hamsters MH - Human MH - IgG/immunology MH - IgM/immunology MH - Immunization, Passive MH - Leptospira interrogans/*immunology MH - Lipopolysaccharides/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - Mesocricetus MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal) RN - 0 (Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins) RN - 0 (IgG) RN - 0 (IgM) RN - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides) RN - 60-00-4 (Edetic Acid) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961216 DP - 1996 Sep-Oct IS - 0037-8682 TA - Rev Soc Bras Med Trop PG - 483-9 CY - BRAZIL IP - 5 VI - 29 JC - RET AA - Author EM - 9702 AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) were produced against an ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) extract of Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae being characterized by gel precipitation as IgM and IgG (IgG1 and IgG2b). The EDTA extract was detected as several bands by silver staining in SDS-PAGE. In the Western blot the bands around 20 KDa reacted with a monoclonal antibody, 47B4D6, and was oxidized by periodate and was not digested by pronase, suggesting that the determinant is of carbohydrate nature. Immunocytochemistry, using colloidal gold labeling, showed that an EDTA extract determinant recognized by monoclonal antibody 47B4D6, is localized under the outer envelope of serovar icterohaemorrhagiae. The MAB raised against the EDTA extract was not able to protect hamsters from lethal challenge with virulent homologous leptospires. AD - Departmento de Microbiologia e Morfologia do Instituto de Ciencias Biolgicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte. PMID- 8885673 SO - Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1996 Sep-Oct;29(5):483-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [105 medline neighbors] UI - 97039132 AU - Duval D AU - Giger U TI - Vaccine-associated immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in the dog. LA - Eng MH - Anemia, Hemolytic/immunology/mortality/*veterinary MH - Animal MH - *Dog Diseases MH - Dogs MH - Erythrocyte Count MH - Hematocrit MH - Leukocyte Count MH - Medical Records MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Seasons MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Survival Rate MH - Vaccination/adverse effects/mortality/*veterinary PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE ID - HL02355/HL/NHLBI DA - 970123 DP - 1996 Sep-Oct IS - 0891-6640 TA - J Vet Intern Med PG - 290-5 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 5 VI - 10 JC - JVG AA - Author EM - 9703 AB - Vaccination has been incriminated as a trigger of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) in dogs and in people, but evidence to support this association is lacking. In a controlled retrospective study, idiopathic IMHA was identified in 58 dogs over a 27-month period. When compared with a randomly selected control group of 70 dogs (presented for reasons other than IMHA) over the same period, the distribution of cases versus time since vaccination was different (P < .05). Fifteen of the dogs (26%) had been vaccinated within 1 month (mean, 13 days; median, 14 days; range, 1 to 27 days) of developing IMHA (P < .0001), whereas in the control group no marked increase in frequency of presentation was seen in the first month after vaccination. The dogs with IMHA were divided into 2 groups based on time since vaccination: the vaccine IMHA group included dogs vaccinated within 1 month of developing IMHA; the nonvaccine IMHA group included dogs that developed IMHA more than 1 month after vaccination. The recently vaccinated dogs with IMHA (vaccine IMHA group) had significantly lower platelet counts (P < .05) and a trend towards increased prevalence of intravascular hemolysis and autoagglutination when compared with the nonvaccine IMHA group. Similar mortality rates were seen in teh vaccine IMHA group (60%) and the nonvaccine IMHA group (44%), with the majority of fatalities (> 75%) occurring in the first 3 weeks after presentation. Persistent autoagglutination was a negative prognostic indicator for survival in both groups (P < .05). Presence of icterus and hyperbilirubinemia were negative prognostic indicators for survival in the nonvaccine IMHA group (P < .0001 and P < .01, respectively) but not in the vaccine IMHA group. In the recently vaccinated dogs, combination vaccines from various manufacturers against canine distemper, adenovirus type 2, leptospirosis, parainfluenza, and parvovirus (DHLPP) were involved in each case. Vaccines against rabies virus, Bordetella spp, coronavirus, and Lyme Borrelia were administrated concomitantly to some dogs. This study provides the first clinical evidence for a temporal relationship of vaccine-associated IMHA in the dog. AD - Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6010, USA. PMID- 8884713 SO - J Vet Intern Med 1996 Sep-Oct;10(5):290-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [1 nucleotide link] [186 medline neighbors] UI - 96327145 AU - Woo TH AU - Smythe LD AU - Symonds ML AU - Norris MA AU - Dohnt MF AU - Patel BK TI - Rapid distinction between Leptonema and Leptospira by PCR amplification of 16S-23S ribosomal DNA spacer. LA - Eng MH - Base Sequence MH - Comparative Study MH - DNA Primers/genetics MH - DNA, Bacterial/*genetics MH - DNA, Ribosomal/*genetics MH - Leptospira/*genetics MH - Leptospiraceae/*genetics MH - Linkage (Genetics) MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - RNA, Bacterial/genetics MH - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*genetics MH - RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/*genetics MH - Species Specificity MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (DNA Primers) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) RN - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal) RN - 0 (RNA, Bacterial) RN - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S) RN - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 23S) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961021 DP - 1996 Aug 15 IS - 0378-1097 TA - FEMS Microbiol Lett PG - 85-90 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 1 VI - 142 JC - FML AA - Author EM - 9612 AB - The PCR amplification of the genomic DNA of Leptonema illini strain 3055 using primers directed against conserved regions of the rRNA operon provided evidence that the 16S and 23S rRNA genes were linked via an intergenic spacer region. The sequencing of the intergenic spacer region indicated that it was 435 nucleotides in length and sequence similarity searches revealed that it bore no homology to any known sequences including tRNA available in databases. Further investigations using Southern blot hybridization revealed that there were two copies of these linked genes in the genome. However, similar PCR studies on a representative strain from each of the 23 serogroups of Leptospira interrogans, which are pathogenic, and eight strains from the 6 serogroups of Leptospira biflexa, which are non-pathogenic, revealed that the 16S and 23S rRNA genes were not linked. AD - School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia. PMID- 8759793 SI - GENBANK/U29662 SI - GENBANK/Z21632 SO - FEMS Microbiol Lett 1996 Aug 15;142(1):85-90 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [154 medline neighbors] UI - 97009784 AU - Dhaliwal GS AU - Murray RD AU - Dobson H AU - Montgomery J AU - Ellis WA TI - Reduced conception rates in dairy cattle associated with serological evidence of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/isolation & purification MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/*microbiology MH - Female MH - *Fertilization MH - Leptospira interrogans/*isolation & purification MH - Pregnancy MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Weil's Disease/*veterinary RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961226 DP - 1996 Aug 3 IS - 0042-4900 TA - Vet Rec PG - 110-4 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 5 VI - 139 JC - XBS AA - Author EM - 9702 AB - Fertility data from 673 cows in five dairy herds with a moderate to high seroprevalence of microscopic agglutination titres (MAT) of > or = 1:10 against Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo were collated to assess the relationship between pregnancy rates and antibody titres to serovar hardjo. A significant proportion of failures of conception (10 to 13 per cent, P < 0.001) were associated with MATs of 1:10 to 1:100; the overall pregnancy rate of the seronegative cows was 28.5 per cent higher (P < 0.001) than that of the cows with MATs of > or = 1:100. First service pregnancy rates showed a similar trend but the differences were significant (P < 0.05) only in cows with antibody titres > or = 1:30. An assessment of other possible risk factors for reduced pregnancy rates, such as lactation number and calving to first service interval, had no effect on the statistical results of the study or its conclusions. AD - Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Animal Husbandry, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral. PMID- 8856888 SO - Vet Rec 1996 Aug 3;139(5):110-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [191 medline neighbors] UI - 97097648 AU - Bolin CA TI - Diagnosis of leptospirosis: a reemerging disease of companion animals. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Animals, Domestic MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary MH - Leptospirosis/diagnosis/*veterinary MH - Serodiagnosis/*veterinary PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, TUTORIAL DA - 961224 DP - 1996 Aug IS - 0882-0511 TA - Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim) PG - 166-71 CY - UNITED STATES IP - 3 VI - 11 JC - SEN AA - Author EM - 9702 AB - Canine leptospirosis has been known since 1899. Widespread use of canine leptospiral vaccines decreased the incidence of infection dramatically and reduced clinical attention to the disease. However, leptospirosis recently has reemerged as an important cause of febrile illness, and hepatic and renal disease in dogs. Feline leptospirosis is rare although the incidence of infection is higher than is recognized. Diagnosis of leptospirosis is difficult and no single diagnostic test provides optimal sensitivity or specificity. A combination of procedures, including serological assays and tests to detect the presence of leptospires in tissues or body fluids, is recommended. AD - Zoonotic Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA. RF - 33 PMID- 8942213 SO - Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim) 1996 Aug;11(3):166-71 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [112 medline neighbors] UI - 97049296 AU - Corney BG AU - Colley J TI - Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in Australian and New Zealand isolates of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology MH - Australia/epidemiology MH - DNA, Bacterial/*genetics MH - Genotype MH - Leptospira interrogans/*genetics/immunology MH - New Zealand/epidemiology MH - *Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length MH - Swine MH - Swine Diseases/epidemiology/immunology/prevention & control MH - Vaccines/immunology MH - Weil's Disease/epidemiology/prevention & control/veterinary RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Vaccines) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970113 DP - 1996 Aug IS - 0005-0423 TA - Aust Vet J PG - 156-7 SB - M CY - AUSTRALIA IP - 2 VI - 74 JC - 9IE EM - 9703 AD - Rockhampton Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Primary Industries, Queensland. PMID- 8894026 SO - Aust Vet J 1996 Aug;74(2):156-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [101 medline neighbors] UI - 97023875 AU - Redstone JS AU - Woodward MJ TI - The development of a ligase mediated PCR with potential for the differentiation of serovars within Leptospira interrogans. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Base Sequence MH - Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific MH - DNA Primers MH - Leptospira interrogans/*classification/isolation & purification MH - Polydeoxyribonucleotide Synthetases MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - EC 3.1.21.- (endodeoxyribonuclease BglII) RN - EC 3.1.21.4 (Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific) RN - EC 6.5.1.- (Polydeoxyribonucleotide Synthetases) RN - 0 (DNA Primers) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970218 DP - 1996 Aug IS - 0378-1135 TA - Vet Microbiol PG - 351-62 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 3-4 VI - 51 JC - XBW AA - Author EM - 9704 AB - A ligase mediated polymerase chain reaction (LMPCR) was developed to amplify between the repetitive element, IS1533, of Leptospira and adjacent chromosomally located Bg/II restriction endonuclease enzyme sites. To do this, complimentary oligonucleotide linkers designed to anneal together with an overhanging Bg/II end were ligated to Bg/II digested DNA from 35 leptospiral reference strains and field isolates. This ligated DNA was used as template for PCR with oligonucleotide primers specific for the linker and for the repetitive element IS1533. The resultant amplicon profile hybridised a 102 bp region derived from the terminus of IS1533 thus confirming that amplicons generated by LMPCR contained part of IS1533. The number of fragments generated containing IS1533 was significantly fewer than that generated by RFLP but the LMPCR method has the potential to use far less template DNA and be quicker than standard RFLP. Obvious and reproducible interserovar differences were demonstrated by LMPCR whereas for 20 of 21 L. hardjo- bovis isolates tested no intraserovar differences were observed. Of those serovars known to possess IS1533 homologues and tested here by LMPCR, each produced a unique amplicon profile which hybridised the IS1533 terminus probe. The limited heterogeneity amongst hardjo-bovis isolates is discussed as is the potential contribution of this method to diagnosis, differentiation and the phylogenetics of the Leptospires. AD - Bacteriology Department, Central Veterinary Laboratory, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK. PMID- 8870196 SO - Vet Microbiol 1996 Aug;51(3-4):351-62 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [111 medline neighbors] UI - 96374165 AU - Merien F AU - Perolat P TI - Public health importance of human leptospirosis in the South Pacific: a five-year study in New Caledonia. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - Agglutination Tests MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Female MH - Human MH - Leptospira/immunology MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology MH - Male MH - New Caledonia/epidemiology MH - Occupations MH - Prevalence MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Seasons MH - Sex Distribution RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961001 DP - 1996 Aug IS - 0002-9637 TA - Am J Trop Med Hyg PG - 174-8 SB - A SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 2 VI - 55 JC - 3ZQ AA - Author EM - 9612 AB - A retrospective study of 192 cases of human leptospirosis in New Caledonia (South Pacific) diagnosed between 1989 and 1993 showed that the disease was endemic throughout the territory. The annual incidence rate was 30 per 100,000 population, and the disease was more frequent in males (67.5%). Cases occurred mainly in March each year. Forty isolates were obtained (20.8%) and identified as belonging to serovars icterohaemorrhagiae (28), pomona (6), pyrogenes (3), ballum (2), and javanica (1). Most cases (54.7%) presented as influenza-like illnesses, while classical Weil's syndrome (fever, jaundice, and renal involvement) occurred in only 15.6% of the patients. Severe ocular complications were found in 3.6% of the patients. Local differences in climate, environment and socioeconomic conditions determined the epidemiologic features. These data emphasize the potential public health importance of leptospirosis in the other insular states in the South Pacific. AD - Leptospira Laboratory, Institute Pasteur, Noumea, New Caledonia. PMID- 8780456 SO - Am J Trop Med Hyg 1996 Aug;55(2):174-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [41 medline neighbors] UI - 96378955 AU - Levett PN AU - Whittington CU AU - Camus E TI - Serological survey of leptospirosis in livestock animals in the Lesser Antilles. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Caribbean Region/epidemiology MH - Cattle MH - *Cattle Diseases MH - Geography MH - *Goat Diseases MH - Goats MH - Leptospirosis/epidemiology/*veterinary MH - Prevalence MH - Serodiagnosis MH - Sheep MH - *Sheep Diseases MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - West Indies/epidemiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961018 DP - 1996 Jul 23 IS - 0077-8923 TA - Ann N Y Acad Sci PG - 369-77 SB - M SB - X CY - UNITED STATES VI - 791 JC - 5NM AA - Author EM - 9612 AB - A serological survey was performed of 1788 cattle, goats and sheep on 13 islands in the Lesser Antilles. Sera were tested by microscopic agglutination (MAT) using a panel of 22 live antigens. Evidence of past exposure, at a titer of > or = 100, was found in 101 animals (5.6%). Antibodies were more common in cattle and goats (7.2% in each) than in sheep (1.7%). Seroprevalence was highest in cattle in Martinique (20%) and in goats in St. Vincent (23%). The predominant serogroups were Sejroe (largely confined to cattle in Martinique), Autumnalis, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, and Cynopteri. Eleven cattle from Martinique and 2 sheep with titers of > or = 800 showed evidence of recent infection. AD - University of the West Indies, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Barbados. PMID- 8784518 SO - Ann N Y Acad Sci 1996 Jul 23;791:369-77 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [117 medline neighbors] UI - 96416388 AU - Smyth JA AU - Goodall EA AU - McCoy MA AU - Ellis WA TI - Stillbirth/perinatal weak calf syndrome: a study of calves with an abnormal thyroid gland. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Body Weight MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/*pathology MH - Comparative Study MH - Female MH - Fetal Death/*veterinary MH - Organ Weight MH - Parity MH - Pregnancy MH - Syndrome MH - Thyroid Gland/*abnormalities/pathology MH - Thyroxine/blood RN - 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961213 DP - 1996 Jul 6 IS - 0042-4900 TA - Vet Rec PG - 11-6 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 1 VI - 139 JC - XBS AA - Author EM - 9702 AB - Data collected from 365 calves dead from stillbirth/perinatal weak calf syndrome were analysed to determine the predictive value of thyroid gland weight as an indicator of abnormality of the thyroid gland, and to examine the relationships between abnormality of the thyroid gland and other findings in the calves and also the parity of the dam. There was a significant relationship (P < 0.001) between the thyroid gland weight and bodyweight for the calves with a histologically normal thyroid gland, but there was no such relationship for calves with an abnormal thyroid gland. Only 1.1 per cent of the histologically normal thyroid glands weighed more than 30 g, indicating that there is a very high probability that glands weighing more than 30 g are abnormal. However, 76.0 per cent of moderately to severely affected glands weighed less than 30 g. The following significant differences between calves with an abnormal and those with a normal thyroid gland were established. Abnormal thyroid glands were significantly heavier (P < 0.01), constituted a significantly greater percentage of the calf's bodyweight (P < 0.01) and had a significantly lower iodine concentration (P < 0.001). A significantly higher proportion of calves with an abnormal thyroid gland had uninflated lungs (P < 0.01), and a significantly higher proportion had pneumonia (P < 0.01). Abnormal thyroid glands were associated with a low selenium concentration in the kidneys. There were no associations between abnormalities of the thyroid gland and the parity of the dam, the presence of skeletal fractures, the weight or sex of the calf, infection with leptospira, Salmonella dublin, Bacillus species, Actinomyces pyogenes or Aspergillus species, the quantities of hepatic iron pigment, liver vitamin E concentration or serum cholesterol concentration. AD - Veterinary Sciences Division, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Stormont, Belfast. PMID- 8819288 SO - Vet Rec 1996 Jul 6;139(1):11-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [111 medline neighbors] UI - 97062001 AU - Shubich MG AU - Evglevskii AA AU - Lebedev VV AU - Avdeeva MG TI - [Study of acid lability of DNA in patients with leptospirosis] LA - Rus MH - Acids MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure MH - Chromatin/genetics MH - Comparative Study MH - DNA/*analysis MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Fluorescence MH - Human MH - Hydrolysis MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Neutrophils/cytology MH - Weil's Disease/*diagnosis/*genetics RN - 0 (Acids) RN - 0 (Chromatin) RN - 9007-49-2 (DNA) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961213 DP - 1996 Jul-Aug IS - 0869-2084 TA - Klin Lab Diagn PG - 25-6 CY - RUSSIA IP - 4 JC - B17 AA - Author EM - 9702 AB - Measurements of DNA and study of chromatin status in blood cell nuclei help solve numerous basic problems of biology and medicine. Acid lability of DNA was assessed in 5 patients with grave icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis. The distribution of fluorescence peaks on the curve of neutrophil DNA hydrolysis in patients with grave leptospirosis indicates that functionally low-active acid-resistant DNA fraction predominates in their chromatin. Assessment of acid lability of DNA is proposed to be used for assessing the severity of the pathological process. PMID- 8963553 TT - Izuchenie kislotolabil'nosti DNK u bol'nykh leptospirozom. EA - A SO - Klin Lab Diagn 1996 Jul-Aug;(4):25-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [118 medline neighbors] UI - 96438679 AU - Farina R AU - Cerri D AU - Renzoni G AU - Andreani E AU - Mani P AU - Ebani V AU - Pedrini A AU - Nuvoloni R TI - Leptospira interrogans in the genital tract of sheep. Research on ewes and rams experimentally infected with serovar hardjo (hardjobovis). LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Colony Count, Microbial MH - Female MH - Genitalia/*microbiology MH - Kidney/microbiology MH - Leptospira interrogans/immunology/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity MH - Leptospirosis/blood/microbiology/*veterinary MH - Male MH - Sheep MH - Sheep Diseases/blood/*microbiology RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961210 DP - 1996 Jul IS - 1121-7138 TA - New Microbiol PG - 235-42 SB - M CY - ITALY IP - 3 VI - 19 JC - CGC AA - Author EM - 9702 AB - To verify if Leptospira hardjo can colonize the male and female genital organs of sheep, 9 animals (6 non pregnant ewes and 3 mature rams) were infected with a strain of L. hardjobovis recently recovered from the kidneys of a seropositive ewe. Postinfection controls (bacteriologic, serologic, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy) failed to disclose the presence of leptospires in the uterus and oviducts, testicles, epididymis, prostate and bulbourethral glands of animals used for the experiment and slaughtered from 37 to 242 postinfection days. All animals showed a renal localization of L. hardjobovis lasting for the entire period of the study (over 8 months). These results emphasize the important role of sheep as maintenance hosts of the serovar. AD - Department of Animal Pathology, Prophylaxis and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy. PMID- 8841039 SO - New Microbiol 1996 Jul;19(3):235-42 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [137 medline neighbors] UI - 96415690 AU - Hogan PM AU - Bernard WV AU - Kazakevicius PA AU - Fitzgerald MR TI - Acute renal disease due to Leptospira interrogans in a weanling. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis/blood MH - Case Report MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Female MH - Horse Diseases/*etiology MH - Horses MH - Kidney Failure, Acute/etiology/*veterinary MH - *Leptospira interrogans/immunology MH - Leptospirosis/complications/diagnosis/*veterinary RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961205 DP - 1996 Jul IS - 0425-1644 TA - Equine Vet J PG - 331-3 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 4 VI - 28 JC - EJ9 EM - 9702 AD - Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky 40580-2070, USA. PMID- 8818600 SO - Equine Vet J 1996 Jul;28(4):331-3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [114 medline neighbors] UI - 96415689 AU - Kinde H AU - Hietala SK AU - Bolin CA AU - Dowe JT TI - Leptospiral abortion in horses following a flooding incident. LA - Eng MH - Abortion, Veterinary/*etiology MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Female MH - Fetus/microbiology MH - Horse Diseases/*etiology/microbiology/pathology MH - Horses MH - Kidney/embryology/microbiology/pathology MH - Leptospira/immunology/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/complications/*veterinary MH - Liver/embryology/microbiology/pathology MH - *Natural Disasters MH - Pregnancy RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961205 DP - 1996 Jul IS - 0425-1644 TA - Equine Vet J PG - 327-30 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 4 VI - 28 JC - EJ9 EM - 9702 AD - California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System, University of California, Davis 95616, USA. PMID- 8818599 SO - Equine Vet J 1996 Jul;28(4):327-30 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [149 medline neighbors] UI - 96376816 AU - Feresu SB AU - Korver H AU - Riquelme N AU - Baranton G AU - Bolin CA TI - Two new leptospiral serovars in the Hebdomadis serogroup isolated from Zimbabwe cattle. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/*microbiology MH - DNA, Bacterial/analysis MH - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field MH - Leptospira/*classification/genetics/immunology/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/microbiology/*veterinary MH - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length MH - Serotyping MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Zimbabwe RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE ID - IF05TW4154-01/TW/FIC DA - 961021 DP - 1996 Jul IS - 0020-7713 TA - Int J Syst Bacteriol PG - 694-8 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 3 VI - 46 JC - AWO AA - Author EM - 9612 AB - Four strains belonging to the genus Leptospira serogroup Hebdomadis were isolated from Zimbabwe cattle at slaughter. These isolates were subjected to cross-agglutinin absorption tests and to restriction fragment length polymorphism and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses of their genomic DNAs. One of these strains represents a new serovar, for which the name mhou is proposed; strain SBF 40 is the reference strain of this serovar. The other three strains belong to a second new serovar, for which the name marondera is proposed; the reference strain of this serovar is strain SBF 5. The three strains of serovar marondera could be differentiated by their restriction fragment polymorphism and pulsed-field gel electrophoretic patterns. AD - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe. feresu@zimbix.uz.zw PMID- 8782678 SO - Int J Syst Bacteriol 1996 Jul;46(3):694-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [70 medline neighbors] UI - 96331629 AU - Labalme MJ AU - Chaabane-Masmoudi S AU - Mathieu L AU - Perol M AU - Nesme P AU - Guerin JC TI - [Isolated febrile intra-alveolar hemorrhage detected in leptospirosis] LA - Fre MH - Adult MH - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology MH - Case Report MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Fever MH - Hemoptysis/*etiology MH - Human MH - Pulmonary Alveoli/*pathology MH - Septicemia/microbiology MH - Weil's Disease/*complications/diagnosis PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961001 DP - 1996 Jul IS - 0761-8425 TA - Rev Mal Respir PG - 310-2 SB - M CY - FRANCE IP - 3 VI - 13 JC - RZ9 AA - Author EM - 9612 AB - We report observation of a patient of 25 years who presented with an isolated intra-alveolar haemorrhage occurring during the course of an illness suggestive of septicaemia. Considering the epidemiological context of inhalation of water from the River Saone, the diagnosis of acute leptospirosis ictero-haemorrhagica was considered and was confirmed by serological tests. Several publications draw attention to the pulmonary manifestations of acute leptospirosis which remains rare and poorly understood. Pulmonary disease is characterised not by an infectious alveolitis but by the occurrence of intra-alveolar haemorrhage whose pathogenetic mechanism remains under discussion. AD - Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon. PMID- 8765927 TT - Hemorragie intra-alveolaire febrile isolee revelant une leptospirose. EA - A SO - Rev Mal Respir 1996 Jul;13(3):310-2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [200 medline neighbors] UI - 96387715 AU - Lilenbaum W AU - Santos MR TI - Effect of management systems on the prevalence of bovine leptospirosis. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Brazil/epidemiology MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/blood/*epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - *Disease Management MH - Leptospira/immunology MH - Leptospirosis/epidemiology/prevention & control/*veterinary RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961205 DP - 1996 Jun 8 IS - 0042-4900 TA - Vet Rec PG - 570-1 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 23 VI - 138 JC - XBS EM - 9702 AD - Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University Federal Fluminense, Brazil. PMID- 8795185 SO - Vet Rec 1996 Jun 8;138(23):570-1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [102 medline neighbors] UI - 97223699 AU - Ribeiro MA AU - Brandao AP AU - Romero EC TI - Evaluation of diagnostic tests for human leptospirosis. LA - Eng MH - Agglutination Tests/methods MH - Comparative Study MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods MH - Human MH - IgM MH - Leptospirosis/*diagnosis MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Serine Proteinases RN - EC 3.4.21 (Serine Proteinases) RN - 0 (IgM) PT - CLINICAL TRIAL PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970520 DP - 1996 Jun IS - 0100-879X TA - Braz J Med Biol Res PG - 773-7 SB - M CY - BRAZIL IP - 6 VI - 29 JC - BOF AA - Author EM - 9707 AB - The IgM-PK-ELISA, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin M employing a proteinase K-treated antigen, and the "Leptoteste-S" macroagglutination test were evaluated for use in a rapid serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used as reference. The three serological tests were applied to serum samples from patients with leptospirosis (N = 89), typhoid fever (N = 8), malaria (N = 19), syphilis (N = 20), hepatitis (N = 16) and from clinically healthy donors (N = 92). The overall results of the IgM-PK-ELISA and the "Leptoteste-S" are comparable to those of the MAT. However, both tests differed statistically from MAT in terms of the positivity of the acute-phase sera, with approximately 38% of the patients with leptospirosis being identified earlier than when MAT was used. The IgM-PK-ELISA, with 89.9% sensitivity and 97.4% specificity, could be the test of choice for those laboratories which are equipped to perform ELISA. The "Leptoteste- S", with 89.9% sensitivity and 94.8% specificity, seems to be easier to perform and the most accessible to peripheral laboratories for rapid screening of human sera. Both techniques present the important characteristic of detecting early antibodies against leptospires, thus providing a diagnosis during the early stages of the disease. AD - Secao de Imunologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil. PMID- 9070390 SO - Braz J Med Biol Res 1996 Jun;29(6):773-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [106 medline neighbors] UI - 97038612 AU - Dastis-Bendala C AU - de Villar-Conde E AU - Marin-Leon I AU - Manzanares-Torne L AU - Perez-Lozano MJ AU - Cano-Fuentes G AU - Vargas-Romero J AU - Pumarola-Sune T TI - Prospective serological study of leptospirosis in southern Spain. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Cohort Studies MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Fresh Water/microbiology MH - Human MH - Incidence MH - Leptospira/immunology/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/transmission MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Occupational Diseases/blood/*epidemiology MH - *Occupational Exposure MH - Prevalence MH - Prospective Studies MH - Seroepidemiologic Methods MH - Spain/epidemiology MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970220 DP - 1996 Jun IS - 0392-2990 TA - Eur J Epidemiol PG - 257-62 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 3 VI - 12 JC - ERE AA - Author EM - 9704 AB - This article reports data concerning a serosurvey carried out in Southern Spain to assess the current epidemiological status of a population exposed to risk of leptospirosis. Microagglutination and IgM- EIA tests were carried out on sera from a sample of workers in agriculture-related occupations, exposed to marsh waters. A cohort of 197 workers were followed for a year in an active surveillance program to evaluate seroconversion (laboratory confirmed leptospirosis). The results have shown for the cohort a density of incidence: 6.4 x 100 persons per year, and for the reference population an accumulated incidence of 41.25/100,000. Prevalence rates (P) were 21.3 x 100 and 144 x 10(5) for the cohort and population respectively. Rates were higher in cray-fishers (P: 62.7%), rice-workers, and butchers. This is the first report identifying cray-fishers as a high risk group for leptospirosis, and the reporting of human contamination by Australis serogroup in Spain. AD - Family Medicine, Valme University Hospital, Seville, Spain. PMID- 8884193 SO - Eur J Epidemiol 1996 Jun;12(3):257-62 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [140 medline neighbors] UI - 96228170 AU - Paganin F AU - Gauzere BA AU - Lugagne N AU - Blanc Ph AU - Roblin X TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage in rapid diagnosis of leptospirosis [letter; comment] LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/*microbiology MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Hemorrhage/*diagnosis/microbiology MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*diagnosis/epidemiology MH - Lung Diseases/*diagnosis/microbiology MH - Male MH - Reunion/epidemiology MH - Time Factors PT - COMMENT PT - LETTER DA - 960819 DP - 1996 Jun 1 IS - 0140-6736 TA - Lancet PG - 1562-3 SB - A SB - M SB - X CY - ENGLAND IP - 9014 VI - 347 JC - L0S EM - 9610 CM - Comment on: Lancet 1996 Feb 24;347(9000):535-6 RO - M:LC2 PMID- 8684140 LR - 961006 SO - Lancet 1996 Jun 1;347(9014):1562-3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [1 protein link] [1 nucleotide link] [121 medline neighbors] UI - 96239055 AU - Shang ES AU - Summers TA AU - Haake DA TI - Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding LipL41, a surface-exposed lipoprotein of pathogenic Leptospira species. LA - Eng MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animal MH - Antibiotics, Peptide/pharmacology MH - Bacterial Proteins/*genetics MH - Base Sequence MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - Leptospira/*chemistry/genetics MH - Lipoproteins/*genetics MH - Male MH - Membrane Proteins/*genetics MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Oligonucleotide Probes MH - Rabbits MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 0 (Antibiotics, Peptide) RN - 0 (Bacterial Proteins) RN - 0 (Lipoproteins) RN - 0 (Membrane Proteins) RN - 0 (Oligonucleotide Probes) RN - 67076-74-8 (globomycin) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE ID - 2-T32-AI07323-06/AI/NIAID ID - CA16042/CA/NCI DA - 960812 DP - 1996 Jun IS - 0019-9567 TA - Infect Immun PG - 2322-30 SB - X SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 6 VI - 64 JC - GO7 AA - Author EM - 9610 AB - We report the cloning of the gene encoding a surface-exposed leptospiral lipoprotein, designated LipL41. In a previous study, a 41- kDa protein antigen was identified on the surface of Leptospira kirschneri (D. A. Haake, E. M. Walker, D. R. Blanco, C. A. Bolin, J. N. Miller, and M. A. Lovett, Infect. Immun. 59:1131-1140, 1991). We obtained the N-terminal amino acid sequence of a staphylococcal V8 proteolytic-digest fragment in order to design an oligonucleotide probe.A Lambda ZAP II library containing EcoRI fragments of L. kirschneri DNA was screened, and a 2.3-kb DNA fragment which contained the entire structural lipL41 gene was identified. The deduced amino acid sequence of LipL41 would encode a 355-amino-acid polypeptide with a 19-amino-acid signal peptide, followed by an L-X-Y-C lipoprotein signal peptidase cleavage site. A recombinant His6-LipL41 fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli in order to generate specific rabbit antiserum. LipL41 is solubilized by Triton X-114 extraction of L. kirschneri; phase separation results in partitioning of LipL41 exclusively into the detergent phase. At least eight proteins, including LipL41 and the other major Triton X-114 detergent phase proteins, are intrinsically labeled during incubation of L. kirschneri in media containing [3H] palmitate. Processing of LipL41 is inhibited by globomycin, a selective inhibitor of lipoprotein signal peptidase. Triton X-100 extracts of L. kirschneri contain immunoprecipitable OmpL1 (porin), LipL41, and another lipoprotein, LipL36. However, in contrast to LipL36, only LipL41 and OmpL1 were exposed on the surface of intact organisms. Immunoblot analysis of a panel of Leptospira species reveals that LipL41 expression is highly conserved among leptospiral pathogens. AD - Department of Microbiology & Immunology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. RO - M:CNR PMID- 8675344 LR - 960911 SI - GENBANK/L46794 SO - Infect Immun 1996 Jun;64(6):2322-30 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [89 medline neighbors] UI - 96225375 AU - Paganin F AU - Gauzere BA AU - Lugagne N AU - Blanc P AU - Roblin X TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage in rapid diagnosis of leptospirosis [letter; comment] LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/*microbiology MH - Hemorrhage/diagnosis/*microbiology MH - Human MH - Kidney Failure, Acute/diagnosis/*microbiology MH - Lung Diseases/diagnosis/*microbiology MH - Male MH - Reunion/epidemiology MH - Time Factors MH - Weil's Disease/*diagnosis/epidemiology PT - COMMENT PT - LETTER DA - 960815 DP - 1996 May 25 IS - 0140-6736 TA - Lancet PG - 1483-4 SB - A SB - M SB - X CY - ENGLAND IP - 9013 VI - 347 JC - L0S EM - 9610 CM - Comment on: Lancet 1996 Feb 24;347(9000):535-6 RO - M:LC2 PMID- 8676650 LR - 961006 SO - Lancet 1996 May 25;347(9013):1483-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [97 medline neighbors] UI - 96242320 AU - Cinco M AU - Vecile E AU - Murgia R AU - Dobrina P AU - Dobrina A TI - Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira peptidoglycans induce the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha from human monocytes. LA - Eng MH - Biological Assay MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Human MH - Immunoassay MH - In Vitro MH - Leptospira interrogans/*pathogenicity MH - Monocytes/*immunology MH - Peptidoglycan/administration & dosage/*toxicity MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor/analysis/*secretion MH - Weil's Disease/etiology/immunology RN - 0 (Peptidoglycan) RN - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970219 DP - 1996 May 1 IS - 0378-1097 TA - FEMS Microbiol Lett PG - 211-4 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 2-3 VI - 138 JC - FML AA - Author EM - 9704 AB - Elevated plasma concentrations of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) have been observed in patients affected by leptospirosis. In this study we found that a preparation of peptidoglycan of Leptospira interrogans, serovar copenhageni, was able to induce the release of TNF alpha from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. TNF alpha induction occurred in a dose dependent manner and was not affected by the endotoxin inhibitor polymixin B. This is the first report on induction of TNF alpha release by a peptidoglycan of spirochetes. Our findings are consistent with existing clinical data and provide a potential mechanism for TNF alpha production. AD - Institute of Microbiology, University of Trieste, Italy. cinco@univ.trieste.it PMID- 9026448 SO - FEMS Microbiol Lett 1996 May 1;138(2-3):211-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [173 medline neighbors] UI - 97149953 AU - Rosicky B AU - Minar J TI - The role of the National Institute of Public Health in the field of infections with natural focality. LA - Eng MH - *Academies and Institutes MH - Animal MH - Birds/VI MH - Chiroptera/VI MH - Czech Republic/epidemiology MH - Disease Reservoirs MH - Human MH - Infection/*epidemiology MH - Parasitic Diseases/epidemiology MH - *Public Health MH - Virus Diseases/epidemiology/transmission MH - Zoonoses/epidemiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970320 DP - 1996 May IS - 1210-7778 TA - Cent Eur J Public Health PG - 123-6 SB - M CY - CZECH REPUBLIC IP - 2 VI - 4 JC - BO6 AA - Author EM - 9705 AB - In the post-war period the National Institute of Public Health, later Institutes of Epidemiology and Microbiology, headed by K. Raska, ranked among famous laboratories in the world due to its priority findings and original results. Research results of the Institute stimulated further research not only in Czechoslovakia but also abroad, in laboratories of Europe and America. The authors emphasize the significance of certain results in the epidemiology and ecology of infections characterized by natural focality. In the first place they discuss the isolation of TBE in 1948 and 1949 by Gallia et al., and the study of the role of birds and bats as hosts of TBE. Significant for the recognition of zoonotic influenza viruses are papers by Tumova, and as regards rabies in rodents the studies of Sodja et al. The institute paid attention to the introduction of Coxiella burnetii into the north-west of Bohemia. The institute's activities in the study of tularaemia, leptospirosis, Lyme borreliosis, and toxoplasmosis are also described. Raska's concept of epidemiological surveillance in the prevention of zoonoses with natural focality was fully enforced by workers of the institute. Many results of the Institute have been adopted by the WHO; it was demonstrated that it is possible by appropriate methods not only to detect human diseases in places where they are known but also to discover them in nature extensively altered by man. AD - National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic. PMID- 8996726 SO - Cent Eur J Public Health 1996 May;4(2):123-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [38 medline neighbors] UI - 96367608 AU - Anan'ina IuV TI - [The molecular genetic and biological aspects of the ecology of pathogenic Leptospira (Leptospira interrogans)] LA - Rus MH - Animal MH - DNA, Bacterial/genetics MH - Ecology MH - English Abstract MH - Genome, Bacterial MH - Leptospira interrogans/classification/*genetics/*pathogenicity MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Serotyping RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, TUTORIAL DA - 961127 DP - 1996 May-Jun IS - 0372-9311 TA - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol PG - 19-21 SB - M CY - RUSSIA IP - 3 JC - Y9O AA - Author EM - 9701 AB - The results of recent investigations on the application of some genotyping methods (genomic fingerprinting, analysis of restriction length fragment polymorphism of DNA, etc.), made in order to study the population structure of pathogenic leptospires and to evaluate their intraspecies heterogeneity with regard to their main ecological features, are reviewed. New data on the use of PRC-based amplification test systems for the study of specific features of host persistence of leptospires are presented. The relative role of the parasitic and saprophytic phases of existence for populations of pathogenic leptospires belonging to different intraspecies taxa is discussed. RF - 27 PMID- 8771722 TT - Molekuliarno-geneticheskie i biologicheskie aspekty ekologii patogennykh leptospir (Leptospira interrogans). EA - A SO - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1996 May-Jun;(3):19-21 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] UI - 96292911 AU - Rodriguez-Villalobos H AU - Elcuaz R AU - Lafarga B AU - Mosguera M AU - Apolinario R AU - Jimenez P TI - [Leptospirosis in Gran Canaria: report of 2 cases (letter)] LA - Spa MH - Adolescence MH - Aged MH - Case Report MH - Human MH - *Leptospirosis/diagnosis MH - Male MH - Spain PT - LETTER DA - 961114 DP - 1996 May IS - 0213-005X TA - Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin PG - 335-6 CY - SPAIN IP - 5 VI - 14 JC - A10 EM - 9701 PMID- 8744382 TT - Leptospirosis en Gran Canaria: a proposito de 2 casos. SO - Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 1996 May;14(5):335-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [9 medline neighbors] UI - 96312659 AU - Novinger MS AU - Sullivan PS AU - McDonald TP TI - Determination of the lifespan of erythrocytes from greyhounds, using an in vitro biotinylation technique. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Biotin/*metabolism MH - Breeding MH - Cell Survival/genetics/physiology MH - Dogs/*blood/genetics MH - Erythrocyte Aging/genetics/*physiology MH - Erythrocyte Membrane/physiology/ultrastructure MH - Erythrocytes/cytology/*metabolism/*physiology MH - Female MH - Flow Cytometry/methods/veterinary MH - Hemoglobins/analysis MH - In Vitro MH - Linear Models MH - Male MH - Platelet Count/veterinary MH - Time Factors RN - 0 (Hemoglobins) RN - 58-85-5 (Biotin) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961022 DP - 1996 May IS - 0002-9645 TA - Am J Vet Res PG - 739-42 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 5 VI - 57 JC - 40C AA - Author EM - 9612 AB - OBJECTIVE--To determine the RBC lifespan of Greyhounds, using an in vitro labeling technique. DESIGN--RBC from dogs were labeled with NHS- biotin and their disappearance measured over time to determine RBC lifespan. SAMPLE POPULATION--5 Greyhounds that had been vaccinated against distemper, adenovirus 1 and 2 infections, parainfluenza, leptospirosis, parvovirus, and coronavirus infections, Bordetella bronchiseptica infection, and rabies the previous year; 3 sexually intact 14-month-old Beagles served as controls. PROCEDURE--After venipuncture for CBC, catheters were inserted in the cephalic vein of each dog. Butorphanol was then administered to achieve mild sedation and analgesia, and glycopyrrolate was administered to ensure maintenance of adequate heart rate during phlebotomy. Dogs were positioned in lateral recumbency; blood was removed via jugular venipuncture, using a standard laboratory donor blood bag containing citrate-phosphate-dextrose solution. Blood was transferred aseptically into sterile polystyrene containers and NHS-biotin was added. After incubation, the labeled RBC were reinfused into the dogs and the blood was allowed to recirculate for 1 hour before the first postinfusion sample was taken. At frequent intervals, blood to be analyzed was taken by jugular venipuncture, and the percentage of labeled cells was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS--The mean RBC lifespan of non- Greyhounds was significantly longer than that of Greyhounds (104.3 +/- 2.2 days vs 53.6 +/- 6.5 days; P = 0.001). A negative linear correlation was also found between age of the Greyhounds and their RBC lifespan (P = 0.01, R2 = 0.91). CONCLUSIONS--The shorter RBC lifespan of the Greyhounds may explain the finding of macrocytosis reported in earlier work. The reason for the shorter RBC lifespan in Greyhounds may be caused by differences in Greyhound RBC membrane structure or accelerated RBC removal from the circulation. AD - Department of Animal Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37901-1071, USA. PMID- 8723892 SO - Am J Vet Res 1996 May;57(5):739-42 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [196 medline neighbors] UI - 96290852 AU - Dhaliwal GS AU - Murray RD AU - Dobson H AU - Montgomery J AU - Ellis WA TI - Effect of vaccination against Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo on milk production and fertility in dairy cattle. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/*prevention & control MH - Comparative Study MH - Female MH - *Fertility MH - *Lactation MH - Leptospira interrogans/*classification MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - *Vaccination MH - Weil's Disease/prevention & control/*veterinary PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960925 DP - 1996 Apr 6 IS - 0042-4900 TA - Vet Rec PG - 334-5 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 14 VI - 138 JC - XBS EM - 9611 AD - Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Animal Husbandry, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral. PMID- 8730678 SO - Vet Rec 1996 Apr 6;138(14):334-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [108 medline neighbors] UI - 96390318 AU - Cherkasskii BL AU - Shumilov PK AU - Manenkova GM TI - [The epidemiologic-epizootiologic characteristics of leptospirosis in the Moscow region] LA - Rus MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - Animal MH - Animals, Domestic MH - Animals, Wild MH - Child MH - Female MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/*veterinary MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Morbidity/trends MH - Moscow/epidemiology MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Russia/epidemiology MH - Sex Distribution MH - Urban Population/statistics & numerical data MH - Weil's Disease/*epidemiology/*veterinary PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961120 DP - 1996 Apr-Jun IS - 0025-8326 TA - Med Parazitol (Mosk) PG - 32-6 CY - RUSSIA IP - 2 JC - M72 EM - 9701 PMID- 8926932 TT - Epidemiologo-epizootologicheskie osobennosti leptospiroza v Moskovskom regione. SO - Med Parazitol (Mosk) 1996 Apr-Jun;(2):32-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97014134 AU - Masuzawa T AU - Suzuki R AU - Yanagihara Y TI - Protective activity of rabbit polyclonal anti-idiotype antibody against Leptospira interrogans infection in hamsters. LA - Eng MH - Agglutination/immunology MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/*immunology/metabolism MH - Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology MH - Antigens, Bacterial/immunology/metabolism MH - Bacterial Vaccines/*immunology MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Hamsters MH - Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/immunology MH - Leptospira interrogans/*immunology MH - Leptospirosis/*immunology/prevention & control MH - Male MH - Mesocricetus MH - Mice MH - Rabbits RN - 0 (Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal) RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Bacterial Vaccines) RN - 0 (Immunoglobulin Idiotypes) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970430 DP - 1996 Apr IS - 0918-6158 TA - Biol Pharm Bull PG - 613-5 SB - M CY - JAPAN IP - 4 VI - 19 JC - BPZ AA - Author EM - 9707 AB - We prepared an anti-idiotype (Id) antibody against leptospirosis. Serum from rabbit immunized with monoclonal antibody (MAb) LW2, which reacted to the main protective antigen prepared from Leptospira interrogans serovar lai, inhibited agglutination of the organism by MAb LW2. The immune rabbit serum was applied to a column coupled with normal mouse IgG as a ligand (first column), and the unbound fraction eluted was applied to a column coupled with MAb LW2 as a ligand (second column). The bound fraction (anti-Id antibody) eluted from the second column inhibited the binding of MAb LW2 to sonicated leptospiral cells in ELISA. Mice produced antibodies against Leptospira by intraperitoneal immunization with the anti-Id antibody at doses of 2 mu g/mouse or more. Hamsters were protected by immunization with the anti-Id antibody at doses of 2 and 20 mu g/hamster from the lethal infection of Leptospira. This is the first report concerning the use of an anti-Id antibody against leptospirosis. AD - Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan. PMID- 8860969 SO - Biol Pharm Bull 1996 Apr;19(4):613-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [104 medline neighbors] UI - 96363986 AU - Chambers MA AU - Swango LJ AU - Wright JC TI - Novel indirect fluorescent antibody test for Lyme disease. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Bacterial Adhesion MH - Bias (Epidemiology) MH - Borrelia burgdorferi/isolation & purification/physiology MH - Comparative Study MH - *Dog Diseases MH - Dogs MH - Endothelium, Vascular/microbiology/pathology MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinary MH - Horse Diseases MH - Horses MH - Human MH - Lyme Disease/diagnosis/*veterinary MH - Neoplasms/veterinary MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE ID - 1 R15 AI 31180-01/AI/NIAID DA - 970325 DP - 1996 Apr IS - 1040-6387 TA - J Vet Diagn Invest PG - 196-201 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 2 VI - 8 JC - A2D AA - Author EM - 9705 AB - An indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test was developed using a novel format of Borrelia burgdorferi organisms adhered to a monolayer of cultured endothelial cells derived from an equine tumor. Sensitivity and specificity of the new IFA test for detecting anti-B, burgdorferi antibodies were evaluated using sera from dogs inoculated with live B. burgdorferi or vaccinated with B. burgdorferi bacterin or leptobacterins and from unvaccinated specific-pathogen-free (SPF) dogs. To compare the new IFA test with existing tests, serum samples were submitted to independent laboratories to be tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a traditional IFA test. Samples were also tested with 2 commercially available membrane-bound ELISA kits. Both Borrelia-inoculated dogs and dogs vaccinated with B. burgdorferi bacterin developed levels of antibody detectable by the new IFA test. Dogs vaccinated with a combination canine vaccine or leptobacterin for food animal use developed detectable levels of antibody against Leptospira but remained seronegative for Borrelia by the new IFA test, as did the unvaccinated SPF dogs. The new IFA test was sensitive, detecting antibodies against B. burgdorferi as early as 7 days postinoculation. It was also specific, showing no cross-reactivity with anti-Leptospira antibodies induced by vaccination with leptobacterins. The new IFA test compared favorably with both the standardized traditional IFA test and ELISA. Results from both membrane-bound ELISA kits were not consistent when compared with each other or with the new IFA test. The new IFA test had low nonspecific fluorescence, which made it easier to evaluate and reduced the human error and variability of test results. AD - Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, AL 36088, USA. PMID- 8744741 SO - J Vet Diagn Invest 1996 Apr;8(2):196-201 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [176 medline neighbors] UI - 96332682 AU - Cerri D AU - Nuvoloni R AU - Ebani V AU - Pedrini A AU - Mani P AU - Andreani E AU - Farina R TI - Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in the kidneys and genital tracts of naturally infected sheep. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Bacteriuria/epidemiology/microbiology/veterinary MH - Carrier State/epidemiology/*veterinary MH - Female MH - Genital Diseases, Female/epidemiology/microbiology/*veterinary MH - Genitalia, Female/microbiology MH - Italy/epidemiology MH - Kidney/microbiology MH - Kidney Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology/*veterinary MH - Leptospira interrogans/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/epidemiology/immunology/microbiology/*veterinary MH - Sheep MH - Sheep Diseases/*epidemiology/microbiology MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960924 DP - 1996 Apr IS - 1121-7138 TA - New Microbiol PG - 175-8 SB - M CY - ITALY IP - 2 VI - 19 JC - CGC AA - Author EM - 9611 AB - A bacteriological study was carried out to identify possible renal and/or genital carriers of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. L. hardjo was found at slaughter in the kidneys of three seropositive ewes, but not in uterus or salpinges of these animals. AD - Department of Animal Pathology, Prophylaxis and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy. PMID- 8722315 SO - New Microbiol 1996 Apr;19(2):175-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [102 medline neighbors] UI - 96306467 AU - Constans J AU - Gosse P AU - Cottarre M AU - Ansoborlo P AU - Mercie P AU - Etienne G AU - Conri O TI - [Myopericarditis and atrial fibrillation disclosing leptospirosis septicemia (letter; comment)] LA - Fre MH - Atrial Fibrillation/*etiology MH - Bacteremia/*complications/microbiology MH - Case Report MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/blood/*complications MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Myocarditis/*etiology/microbiology PT - COMMENT PT - LETTER DA - 960919 DP - 1996 Mar 30 IS - 0755-4982 TA - Presse Med PG - 555 SB - X SB - M CY - FRANCE IP - 11 VI - 25 JC - PMT EM - 9611 CM - Comment on: Presse Med 1996 Nov 23;25(36):1805 RO - M:CNR PMID- 8731801 LR - 970414 TT - Myopericardite et fibrillation auriculaire revelatrice d'une leptospirose septicemique. SO - Presse Med 1996 Mar 30;25(11):555 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [186 medline neighbors] UI - 96260136 AU - Dhaliwal GS AU - Murray RD AU - Ellis WA TI - Reproductive performance of dairy herds infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo relative to the year of diagnosis. LA - Eng MH - Abortion, Veterinary/epidemiology/*etiology MH - Animal MH - Cattle MH - *Cattle Diseases MH - Female MH - Fertility MH - Infertility, Female/etiology/*veterinary MH - Leptospira interrogans/classification/isolation & purification MH - Pregnancy MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Time Factors MH - Weil's Disease/complications/*veterinary PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960912 DP - 1996 Mar 23 IS - 0042-4900 TA - Vet Rec PG - 272-6 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 12 VI - 138 JC - XBS AA - Author EM - 9611 AB - To assess the impact of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection on the reproductive performance of nine dairy herds with evidence of infection, forty years' fertility data were analysed relative to the year of first diagnosis. Fifty per cent of various fertility variables had their lowest values only in the year of diagnosis. Culling rates were highest during the year of diagnosis in five of the herds, and were above 22 per cent in five of nine (55-6 per cent) of the diagnosis years considered compared with seven (22-6 per cent) of the 31 non- diagnosis years. An assessment of the fertility status of the herds by means of a formula with incorporated the first service conception rate, the number of services per conception for cows conceiving, the calving to conception interval and the culling rate, revealed low reproductive performance during the year of diagnosis in six of the nine herds. Abortion rates were highest in four of the herds during the year of diagnosis, and these included the herds in which the fertility status was not lowest. It was concluded that L. interrogans serovar hardjo affected reproductive adversely by causing both abortions and low fertility, but that the effect was temporary. AD - Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Animal Husbandry, University of Liverpool Veterinary Field Station, Neston, South Wirral. PMID- 8711883 SO - Vet Rec 1996 Mar 23;138(12):272-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [200 medline neighbors] UI - 96260134 TI - Leptospirosis in farm animals [news] LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - Leptospirosis/epidemiology/prevention & control/*veterinary MH - Scotland/epidemiology MH - Sheep MH - Sheep Diseases/epidemiology MH - Swine MH - Swine Diseases PT - NEWS DA - 960912 DP - 1996 Mar 23 IS - 0042-4900 TA - Vet Rec PG - 268 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 12 VI - 138 JC - XBS EM - 9611 PMID- 8711882 NI - A SO - Vet Rec 1996 Mar 23;138(12):268 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [103 medline neighbors] UI - 97352333 AU - Wu W AU - Bao L AU - Wu Q AU - Li S AU - Huang W AU - Wan B AU - Zhang M AU - Xiong Q AU - Fang Z TI - [16S rRNA gene PCR-SSCP analysis of the reference strains from 15 serovars (14 serogroups) of pathogenic leptospires in China] LA - Chi MH - China MH - English Abstract MH - Human MH - Leptospira interrogans/classification/*genetics MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - *Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational MH - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*genetics MH - Serotyping MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970814 DP - 1996 Mar IS - 0257-7712 TA - Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao PG - 17-20 CY - CHINA IP - 1 VI - 27 JC - GEB AA - Author EM - 9710 AB - The DNAs of reference strains from 15 serovars (14 serogroups) of pathogenic leptospires in China were amplified with 16S rRNA gene primers, and then single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) of the products were analyzed in 12.5% nondenaturing mini polyacrylamide gel (containing 5% glycerol) combining with silver-staining. All products showed two bands on electrophoresis at different parameters of voltage or current and concentration of gel. It proved that serovar lai, serovar canicola, serovar pyrogenes, serovar autumnalis, serovar australis, serovar pomona, serovar linhai, serovar hebdomadis, serovar haemolytica, serovar wolffi and serovar paidjan have the identical pattern (Leptospira interrogans), while serovar javanica, serovar ballum, serovar tarassovi and serovar manhao I belong to another pattern (L. borgpetersenii). The result was consistent with the classification of genetic species by Yasuda et al (1987) and Ramadass et al (1992). AD - Research Unit of Leptospirasis, Chengdu. PMID- 9208613 EA - A SO - Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao 1996 Mar;27(1):17-20 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97352332 AU - Chen Z AU - Dai B AU - Yan H AU - Li S AU - Zhao H AU - Liu J AU - Song S AU - Yang Y AU - Zhang Y AU - Liu F AU - Tu Y AU - Yang H AU - Huang Z AU - Liang L AU - Hu L AU - Zhao M TI - [The PCR amplification, cloning, sequencing, expression in E. coli of gene encoding endoflagella subunit protein (fla B) from Leptospira interrogans serovar lai] LA - Chi MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Animal MH - Base Sequence MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - English Abstract MH - Escherichia coli/genetics MH - Flagellin/*biosynthesis/genetics MH - Gene Expression MH - *Genes, Bacterial MH - Leptospira interrogans/*genetics MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Random Allocation MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Transfection RN - 12777-81-0 (Flagellin) RN - 140470-87-7 (flaB protein) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970814 DP - 1996 Mar IS - 0257-7712 TA - Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao PG - 10-6 CY - CHINA IP - 1 VI - 27 JC - GEB AA - Author EM - 9710 AB - A pair of oligonucleotide primers were designed by ourselves to amplify the endoflagella gene of L. interrogans serovar lai. A fragment about 840 bp was generated with PCR and inserted into plasmid pUC8 after the fragment and pUC8 were digested respectively with Bam HI and Pst I. A recombinant plasmid (designated as pLF1) was obtained. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that a 33 kd was expressed in E. coli JM103 harboring pLF1 and the expression level of the protein was 11% of total bacterial soluble proteins. Western blot analysis showed that the protein band could be recognized by the antiserum against the endoflagella (Axiall filament) of Leptospira interrogans serovar lai. Nucleotide seguence data showed an open reading frame encoding 282 aminoacids residues, corresponding to a protein of molecular weight 33.6 kd. The G + C content of endoflagella subunit protein gene was 48 mol%. Therefore, the G + C content of the leptospiral fla B Gene is significantly higher than the reported 39 mol% G + C content of leptospiral genome of L.interrogans serovar lai but similar to the G + C of the Treponema pallidum genome. Comparison of the deduced endoflagellar subunit protein (fla B) amino acid sequence with flagellins from other bacteria revealed a high level of identity with the Treponema pallidum fla B proteins. Immunization/protection experiment was performed on the model of BALB/c mice and showed that the survival rate in the group JM103-pLF1 was higher than that in the group JM103-pUC8, but statistically the difference between them was significant (P < 0.05) and pLF1 did not induce significant levels of agglutinating antibodies against L.interrogans serovar lai. AD - Research Group of I. West China University Medical Sciences, Chengdu. PMID- 9208612 EA - A SO - Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao 1996 Mar;27(1):10-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [101 medline neighbors] UI - 97013633 AU - Stabel JR AU - Goff JP AU - Whipple DL AU - Ackermann MR AU - Reinhardt TA TI - Low calcium diet and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) infusion modulate immune responses during Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in beige mice. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Calcitriol/*administration & dosage/blood MH - Calcium/blood/metabolism MH - Calcium, Dietary/*administration & dosage MH - Colony Count, Microbial MH - Granuloma/immunology/metabolism MH - Ileum/drug effects/immunology/microbiology MH - Immunity/drug effects MH - Interleukin-1/biosynthesis MH - Liver/drug effects/immunology/microbiology MH - Lymphocyte Transformation/drug effects MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Mice, Mutant Strains MH - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis/immunology/isolation & purification MH - Paratuberculosis/*immunology/metabolism/microbiology MH - Spleen/drug effects/immunology/microbiology MH - Time Factors RN - 0 (Calcium, Dietary) RN - 0 (Interleukin-1) RN - 32222-06-3 (Calcitriol) RN - 7440-70-2 (Calcium) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970519 DP - 1996 Mar IS - 0165-2427 TA - Vet Immunol Immunopathol PG - 127-43 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 1-2 VI - 50 JC - XCB AA - Author EM - 9707 AB - A 12-month study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding a low calcium (Ca) diet or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3) infusion on the persistence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection using a mouse model. Male beige mice 6-8 weeks of age were assigned to one of the following treatments: (1) non-infected, (2) infected,(3) non- infected/1,25(OH)(2)D(3), (4) infected/1,25(OH)(2)D(3), and (5) infected/low Ca (0.15 percent) diet. Infected mice were inoculated intravenously with live M. paratuberculosis. At 1, 6 and 12 months postinfection, mice in Treatments 3 and 4 were implanted subcutaneously with mini-osmotic pumps to deliver 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Infusion with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) exacerbated M. paratuberculosis infection in most tissues at all time points. Mice infused with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) had higher bacterial counts in spleen, liver, and ileum compared with control infected mice after 1 month of infection. In contrast, feeding a low Ca diet reduced the number of viable organisms cultured from the liver and ileum of infected mice. Plasma Ca and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) were increased in mice infused with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) at all time points but values for low Ca mice were not different than for non-infused mice. Splenocyte production of TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 was higher for mice fed the low Ca diet compared with control infected mice after 1 month of infection. Inducible IL-6 activity remained higher for this treatment at 6 months postinfection. These results suggest that feeding a low Ca diet to mice chronically infected with M. paratuberculosis appears to enhance their ability to clear the infection in a manner distinct from any effect of 1,25(OH)2D3. AD - Leptospirosis and Mycobacteriosis Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA. PMID- 9157678 SO - Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1996 Mar;50(1-2):127-43 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [100 medline neighbors] UI - 97224652 AU - Silva MV AU - Camargo ED AU - Batista L AU - Vaz AJ AU - Ferreira AW AU - Barbosa PR TI - Application of anti-leptospira ELISA-IgM for the etiologic elucidation of meningitis. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*cerebrospinal fluid MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Human MH - IgM/analysis MH - Leptospira/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Male MH - Meningitis/cerebrospinal fluid/*microbiology MH - Sex Distribution RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (IgM) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970522 DP - 1996 Mar-Apr IS - 0036-4665 TA - Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo PG - 153-6 CY - BRAZIL IP - 2 VI - 38 JC - S9D AA - Author EM - 9707 AB - Leptospirosis is one of the causes of meningitis, although its importance is not well known. In the present study we contributed to this knowledge by demonstrating specific IgM class anti-leptospira antibodies by the immunoenzymatic method ELISA in 14.6% of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 171 patients with meningitis considered to be of indeterminate etiology. The frequencies of positivity were similar in cases with predominance of polymorphonuclear or lymphomonuclear leucocytes in the CSF. Age distribution showed a predominance of the 5 to 15 year age range (72%), and sex distribution showed a predominance of males (68%). The authors discuss the contribution of this method to the etiologic elucidation of meningitis. AD - Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, Brazil. PMID- 9071036 SO - Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1996 Mar-Apr;38(2):153-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [104 medline neighbors] UI - 97161846 AU - Garrido R AU - Castillo L AU - Hernandez G AU - Abarca J AU - Montes JM AU - Monsalve V AU - Espinoza R AU - Valenzuela S AU - Perez G TI - [Systemic leptospirosis as a cause of multiple organ failure. Report of a case] LA - Spa MH - Abdominal Pain MH - Aged MH - Case Report MH - Cholestasis/surgery MH - Diagnostic Errors MH - English Abstract MH - Hemodiafiltration MH - Human MH - Intensive Care MH - Leptospirosis/*complications/diagnosis/therapy MH - Male MH - Multiple Organ Failure/diagnosis/*etiology/surgery MH - Penicillins/therapeutic use MH - Prognosis MH - Respiration, Artificial MH - Respiratory Insufficiency MH - Tomography, X-Ray Computed RN - 0 (Penicillins) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970220 DP - 1996 Mar IS - 0034-9887 TA - Rev Med Chil PG - 359-62 CY - CHILE IP - 3 VI - 124 JC - SHD AA - Author EM - 9704 AB - Leptospirosis is a world-spread zoonosis that is incidentally acquired by humans. It causes a diphasic febrile illness in which the Weil syndrome is its severest form, with renal, hepatic, clotting and central nervous system involvement. We report a 73 years old male, that was admitted to an intensive care unit with multiple organ failure due to leptospirosis. The clinical picture initially resembled a sepsis due to biliary tract obstruction and was operated, not finding a biliary tract obstruction. Considering the history of a fall to sewed waters, leptospirosis was suspected and treatment with penicillin was started, obtaining a full recovery of the patient. AD - Departamento de Anestesiologia, Hospital Clinico, P Universidad Catolica, Santiago de Chile. PMID- 9008950 TT - Leptospirosis sistemica: una etiologia de falla multiorganica en un caso. EA - A SO - Rev Med Chil 1996 Mar;124(3):359-62 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [101 medline neighbors] UI - 96247935 AU - Artois M AU - Claro F AU - Remond M AU - Blancou J TI - [Infectious pathology of Canidae and Felidae in zoological parks] LA - Fre MH - Animal MH - *Animals, Zoo MH - *Carnivora MH - Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/*veterinary MH - English Abstract MH - Human MH - Zoonoses PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, TUTORIAL DA - 961118 DP - 1996 Mar IS - 0253-1933 TA - Rev Sci Tech PG - 115-40 SB - M CY - FRANCE IP - 1 VI - 15 JC - A9R AA - Author EM - 9701 AB - The Canidae (36 species) and Felidae (34-37 species) are two families of carnivores represented by numerous exotic species in zoos or wildlife reserves. To some extent, the diseases of these species are similar to those of dogs and cats, and are therefore relatively well known. However, there are differences in sensitivity to infectious agents, treatments and vaccines. Canidae and Felidae may also act as carriers or even vectors of zoonoses, such as leptospirosis, rabies, salmonellosis, toxoplasmosis and tuberculosis. Due to their behaviour patterns and morphological adaptations, these species are capable of transmitting various opportunistic infections by biting or scratching. These characteristics mean that Canidae and Felidae are difficult to keep in captivity, and require special health precautions, particularly protection from contact with stray carnivores. AD - Centre national d'etudes veterinaires et alimentaires, Nancy, France. RF - 50 PMID- 8924699 TT - Pathologie infectieuse des Canides et Felides des parcs zoologiques. EA - A SO - Rev Sci Tech 1996 Mar;15(1):115-40 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [106 medline neighbors] UI - 96217073 AU - Bakoss P AU - Machacova E AU - Slacikova M TI - [Changes in the epidemiology of human leptospirosis in the Slovak Republic] LA - Slo MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Human MH - Incidence MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/microbiology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Prevalence MH - Slovakia/epidemiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960828 DP - 1996 Mar IS - 0006-9248 TA - Bratisl Lek Listy PG - 123-30 CY - SLOVAKIA IP - 3 VI - 97 JC - B5N AA - Author EM - 9610 AB - BACKGROUND. The epidemiologic patterns of infectious diseases are liable to change in the course of time. References to such changes in leptospirosis are very rare and of low systematic value. OBJECTIVES. The study is aimed at the detection of changes in the epidemiology of leptospirosis within the 20 years in Slovakia. METHODS. Basic epidemiologic characteristics of leptoospirosis were compared within two chronological periods. 598 registered cases were analyzed during the first period (1970-1976), and 200 cases of leptospirosis were analysed during the second period (1986-1991). MAIN RESULTS. The second period yielded a decrease in total incidence to approximately 50% (yearly average was 0.9/10(5) of the population). At the same time the cyclic character of morbidity has almost entirely disappeared. The incidence of leptospirosis has significantly decreased in the group of population between 40 and 59 years of age, thus causing a particular shift in morbidity towards the younger population. Cases of leptospirosis caused by L. tarassovi and L. canicola ceased to occur, however one case of infection caused by L. hardjo has been registered in the Slovak population. A significant decrease in the incidence of diseases caused by the Sejroe group serovars was detected, especially in housewives, retired people, industrial and agricultural workers. In contrast to the latter, the proportion of leptospirosis cases caused by L. icterohaemorrhagiae/copenhageni increased particularly in pupils and students, as well as those caused by L. pomona in slaughter-house workers. Consequently, the most dominating disease is represented by field fever (L. gripotyphosa), the second highest incidence is ascribed to Weil disease (L. icterohaemorrhagiae/copenhageni), while the incidence of infections caused by the group of Sejroe serovars dropped from the first to the fourth place. The possible reasons of these changes are presented. No changes in the incidence of leptospirosis according to sex and seasonal occurrence were registered. CONCLUSION. The results of this study are in accordance with the current knowledge of the development of epidemiologic signs of infectious diseases, including leptospirosis. The results provide a pattern of the current situation in the field of leptospirosis epidemiology in the territory of Slovakia and emphasize the importance of systematic surveillance enabling the assessment of appropriate measures suppressing these infections. (Fig. 7, Ref. 7.). AD - Ustav epidemiologie Lekarskej fakulty Univerzity Komenskeho v Bratislave, Slovakia. PMID- 8689314 TT - Zmeny epidemiologie leptospiroz l'udi v Slovenskej republike. EA - A SO - Bratisl Lek Listy 1996 Mar;97(3):123-30 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [181 medline neighbors] UI - 96244145 AU - Dhaliwal GS AU - Murray RD AU - Dobson H AU - Montgomery J AU - Ellis WA TI - Presence of antigen and antibodies in serum and genital discharges of cows from dairy herds naturally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*analysis/blood MH - Antigens, Bacterial/*analysis/blood/urine MH - Cattle MH - *Cattle Diseases MH - Cervix Uteri/*immunology MH - Comparative Study MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - IgA/analysis/blood MH - IgG/analysis/blood MH - Leptospira interrogans/*immunology MH - Mucous Membrane/immunology MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Vagina/immunology MH - Weil's Disease/blood/immunology/*veterinary RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) RN - 0 (IgA) RN - 0 (IgG) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960820 DP - 1996 Mar IS - 0034-5288 TA - Res Vet Sci PG - 163-7 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 2 VI - 60 JC - R7D AA - Author EM - 9610 AB - Samples of cervico-vaginal mucus from 163 bulling cows (group 1) and post calving discharges from 59 newly calved cows (group 2) in five dairy herds naturally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo were examined for the presence of antigen and IgG and IgA antibodies by using two ELISA systems which were protein or carbohydrate based. Corresponding serum samples were examined for systemic immune responses by using a microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and IgG-ELISA tests. Antigen was detected by direct immunofluorescence in six of the 163 samples of cervico-vaginal mucus. Both IgG and IgA antibodies were detected by ELISA in the genital discharges with a prevalence much higher than that obtained by the MAT but lower than that observed with the serum IgG-ELISA. Combining both groups, none of the MAT-positive cattle was negative by serum-ELISA. By using the protein or carbohydrate fraction serum IgG-ELISA assays, respectively, 29 or 41 per cent of the MAT-negative cows were positive at a titre of at least 1:40. Similarly, eight or 23 samples (10 or 27 per cent) had titres of at least 1:20 in the genital discharge ELISA for IgG and IgA antibodies, respectively. The serum IgG-ELISA was the most efficient in detecting hardjo antibodies, but in group 2 the IgG- and IgA-ELISA of the post calving discharge proved to be equally effective. AD - Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Animal Husbandry, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral. PMID- 8685539 SO - Res Vet Sci 1996 Mar;60(2):163-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [148 medline neighbors] UI - 96244144 AU - Dhaliwal GS AU - Murray RD AU - Dobson H AU - Montgomery J AU - Ellis WA AU - Baker JR TI - Presence of antigen and antibodies in serum and genital discharges of heifers after experimental intrauterine inoculation with Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. LA - Eng MH - Agglutination Tests MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood MH - Antibody Formation MH - Antigens, Bacterial/*blood MH - Cattle MH - Cervix Uteri/immunology MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - IgA/blood MH - IgG/blood MH - Leptospira interrogans/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - Mucous Membrane/immunology MH - Pregnancy MH - *Pregnancy, Animal MH - Reference Values MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Urine/microbiology MH - Uterus MH - Vagina/immunology MH - Weil's Disease/*immunology RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) RN - 0 (IgA) RN - 0 (IgG) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960820 DP - 1996 Mar IS - 0034-5288 TA - Res Vet Sci PG - 157-62 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 2 VI - 60 JC - R7D AA - Author EM - 9610 AB - The excretion of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in cervico- vaginal mucus (CVM) or urine and the local and systemic immune responses to the organism were monitored in eight susceptible heifers after intrauterine inoculation while six similar heifers served as controls. All the heifers were inseminated at the subsequent oestrous periods. The overall percentage pregnancy rate (the number of pregnancies divided by the total number of inseminations) was lower in the infected heifers than in the controls though not significantly (33.3 v 50.0 per cent). Leptospires were detected, in either the urine or the CVM of six of the eight infected heifers during the study period of 15 weeks, either by direct immunofluorescence or dark ground microscopy; the bacteria did not grow in culture from any of the CVM samples. The control heifers remained free from evidence of infection. In the infected heifers, mean titres of at least 1:100 in a microscopic agglutination test were maintained for one to two weeks before declining to 1:10 to 1:30, whereas in serum IgG-ELISA tests (developed by using either protein or carbohydrate antigens), antibody titres of at least 1:100 were maintained throughout the study. During oestrous periods, IgA antibodies were detected more frequently in CVM with titres which were usually higher than the titres of IgG. AD - Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Animal Husbandry, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral. PMID- 8685538 SO - Res Vet Sci 1996 Mar;60(2):157-62 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [135 medline neighbors] UI - 96247808 AU - Agunloye CA AU - Nash AS TI - Investigation of possible leptospiral infection in cats in Scotland. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Cat Diseases/blood/*epidemiology/microbiology MH - Cats MH - Female MH - Leptospira/immunology MH - Leptospirosis/complications/epidemiology/microbiology/*veterinary MH - Male MH - Prevalence MH - Scotland/epidemiology MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960822 DP - 1996 Mar IS - 0022-4510 TA - J Small Anim Pract PG - 126-9 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 3 VI - 37 JC - K4N AA - Author EM - 9610 AB - Eighty-seven cats from the Glasgow area were investigated to determine the prevalence of leptospiral infection and possible resultant disease. Eight (9.2 per cent) of the cats reacted serologically with the antigens of three serovars. Five of the cats were seropositive to Leptospira hardjo, two to L autumnalis and one cat seroconverted to L icterohaemorrhagiae. A paired serum sample indicated a recent infection in one of the cats. The major clinical sign shown by this cat was ascites. Four of the cats were from rural areas. This appears to be the first report of a serological survey of leptospiral infection in cats in the Glasgow area. AD - Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow Veterinary School. PMID- 8683955 SO - J Small Anim Pract 1996 Mar;37(3):126-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [178 medline neighbors] UI - 96261275 AU - Abdollahpour G AU - English AW AU - Tasler J TI - Isolation of Leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa from a heifer in New South Wales. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antigens, Bacterial/analysis/blood/immunology MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/*diagnosis/epidemiology/immunology MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - DNA, Bacterial/analysis/genetics MH - Female MH - Leptospira interrogans/*classification/genetics/immunology MH - Leptospirosis/diagnosis/epidemiology/*veterinary MH - New South Wales/epidemiology MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary MH - Serotyping/veterinary MH - Species Specificity RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960730 DP - 1996 Mar IS - 0005-0423 TA - Aust Vet J PG - 109-10 SB - M CY - AUSTRALIA IP - 3 VI - 73 JC - 9IE EM - 9610 AD - Department of Animal Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales. PMID- 8660211 SO - Aust Vet J 1996 Mar;73(3):109-10 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [92 medline neighbors] UI - 96215527 AU - Bryan JP AU - Iqbal M AU - Ksiazek TG AU - Ahmed A AU - Duncan JF AU - Awan B AU - Krieg RE AU - Riaz M AU - Leduc JW AU - Nabi S AU - Qureshi MS AU - Malik IA AU - Legters LJ TI - Prevalence of sand fly fever, West Nile, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, and leptospirosis antibodies in Pakistani military personnel. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/*epidemiology MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - *Military Personnel MH - Pakistan/epidemiology MH - Phlebotomus Fever/*epidemiology MH - Prevalence MH - Seroepidemiologic Methods MH - West Nile Fever/*epidemiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960710 DP - 1996 Mar IS - 0026-4075 TA - Mil Med PG - 149-53 CY - UNITED STATES IP - 3 VI - 161 JC - N1A AA - Author EM - 9609 AB - To determine the prevalence of antibodies to viral diseases known or suspected to be present in Pakistan, we studied 570 sera from three groups of adults; two of the groups were involved in outbreaks of hepatitis, and the third included men admitted to a hospital for evaluation of febrile illnesses. Immunoglobulin G antileptospiral antibody was found in 1 to 6% of the subjects, with the highest rate in enlisted military personnel hospitalized for febrile illness. One man in the group with febrile illness had significantly elevated immunoglobulin M antileptospiral antibody titers. However, in a group of recruits experiencing suspected non-A, non-B hepatitis, 19 (11%) of 173 had a 4-fold rise in immunoglobulin M antibody to leptospirosis. Antibody to sand fly fever viruses was found in 27 to 70%. Antibody to West Nile virus was present in 33 to 41% of subjects. Antibody reactive with Japanese encephalitis virus was present in 25%, but plaque reduction neutralization tests suggested this to be cross-reaction with West Nile virus. All 212 specimens tested for antibody to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and Hantaan viruses were negative. This study indicates that diseases known to be prevalent in other areas of southwest Asia and the Middle East are also prevalent in northern Pakistan and may impact on those traveling or working in this area. AD - Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA. PMID- 8637643 SO - Mil Med 1996 Mar;161(3):149-53 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [136 medline neighbors] UI - 96174716 AU - Zaki SR AU - Shieh WJ TI - Leptospirosis associated with outbreak of acute febrile illness and pulmonary haemorrhage, Nicaragua, 1995. The Epidemic Working Group at Ministry of Health in Nicaragua [letter] [see comments] LA - Eng MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - *Disease Outbreaks MH - Fever/*epidemiology/etiology MH - Hemorrhage/*epidemiology/etiology MH - Human MH - Leptospira/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/complications/diagnosis/*epidemiology MH - Lung Diseases/*epidemiology/etiology MH - Nicaragua/epidemiology PT - LETTER DA - 960418 DP - 1996 Feb 24 IS - 0140-6736 TA - Lancet PG - 535-6 SB - A SB - M SB - X CY - ENGLAND IP - 9000 VI - 347 JC - L0S EM - 9606 CM - Comment in: Lancet 1996 May 25;347(9013):1483-4 CM - Comment in: Lancet 1996 Jun 1;347(9014):1562-3 RO - M:LC2 PMID- 8596276 LR - 961006 SO - Lancet 1996 Feb 24;347(9000):535-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [132 medline neighbors] UI - 96252848 AU - Wittenbrink MM AU - Failing K AU - Krauss H TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot analysis for detection of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs. The impact of serum absorption with homologous and heterologous bacteriae. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood MH - Antigens, Bacterial/immunology MH - Blotting, Western MH - Borrelia burgdorferi/*immunology MH - Dog Diseases MH - Dogs/*immunology/microbiology MH - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Ixodes MH - Lyme Disease/diagnosis/veterinary RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970311 DP - 1996 Feb IS - 0378-1135 TA - Vet Microbiol PG - 257-68 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 3-4 VI - 48 JC - XBW AA - Author EM - 9705 AB - Sera from 665 apparently healthy dogs were examined for antibodies to the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi by using an ELISA with a whole cell sonicate of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto reference strain B31 (ATCC 35210) as antigen. To discover false positive reactions due to the unsatisfactory specificity of conventional enzyme- linked immunosorbent assays for B. burgdorferi, sera were absorbed in parallel with both B. burgdorferi and a heterologous sorbent consisting of whole cells of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and eight serovars of Leptospira interrogans. The difference between optical densities obtained in the ELISA after serum absorption with the heterologous sorbent and the B. burgdorferi sorbent was defined as a new value, "ODdiff", for ELISA reactivity specific for B. burgdorferi. ELISA results were confirmed by immunoblot studies. By testing unabsorbed sera, 48 of 665 serum samples (7.2%) were considered ELISA positive. 37 of these 48 sera (77.1%) were apparently false positive: here a similar reduction of ELISA reactivity was obtained after absorption with B. burgdorferi antigen and with the heterologous sorbent (ODdiff approximately equal to 0). None of these 37 sera gave immunoblot patterns characteristic for canine B. burgdorferi infection. AD - Institut fur Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten der Tiere, Justus-Liebig- Universitat Giessen, Germany. PMID- 9054122 SO - Vet Microbiol 1996 Feb;48(3-4):257-68 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [130 medline neighbors] UI - 97036419 AU - Constantin A AU - Marin F AU - Oksman F AU - Bouteiller G TI - Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in leptospirosis. LA - Eng MH - Aged MH - Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic/*analysis MH - Biological Markers MH - Case Report MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*immunology MH - Male RN - 0 (Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic) RN - 0 (Biological Markers) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961217 DP - 1996 Feb IS - 0315-162X TA - J Rheumatol PG - 411 SB - M CY - CANADA IP - 2 VI - 23 JC - JWX EM - 9702 AD - Centre Hospitalier General, Toulouse, France. PMID- 8882067 SO - J Rheumatol 1996 Feb;23(2):411 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [195 medline neighbors] UI - 96381015 AU - Bolin CA AU - Zuerner RL TI - Correlation between DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms in Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki and host animal source. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Animals, Wild/microbiology MH - Cattle/microbiology MH - Comparative Study MH - Disease Outbreaks/veterinary MH - DNA, Bacterial/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Epidemiology, Molecular MH - Horses/microbiology MH - Leptospira interrogans/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - *Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length MH - Serotyping MH - Swine/microbiology MH - Weil's Disease/epidemiology/microbiology/veterinary MH - Zoonoses/epidemiology/microbiology RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961021 DP - 1996 Feb IS - 0095-1137 TA - J Clin Microbiol PG - 424-5 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 2 VI - 34 JC - HSH AA - Author EM - 9612 AB - Isolates (n = 147) of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki from cattle, swine, horses, and wildlife were analyzed by DNA restriction endonuclease analysis. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were identified in DNA digested with HpaII, and the restriction fragment length polymorphisms were correlated with the host animal source of the isolates. These results will be useful in understanding the epidemiology of serovar pomona infections in livestock. AD - Leptospirosis and Mycobacteriosis Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA. a03rllmr@attmail.com PMID- 8789028 SO - J Clin Microbiol 1996 Feb;34(2):424-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [201 medline neighbors] UI - 96261263 AU - Corney BG AU - McClintock CS AU - Colley J AU - Elder JK TI - Genotypes of Leptospira isolated from Queensland cattle. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/*microbiology/urine MH - Female MH - Genotype MH - Leptospira/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/microbiology/urine/*veterinary MH - Queensland PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960729 DP - 1996 Feb IS - 0005-0423 TA - Aust Vet J PG - 75-6 SB - M CY - AUSTRALIA IP - 2 VI - 73 JC - 9IE EM - 9610 AD - Rockhampton Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Primary Industries, Queensland. PMID- 8660206 SO - Aust Vet J 1996 Feb;73(2):75-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [98 medline neighbors] UI - 97213307 AU - Leblebicioglu H AU - Sencan I AU - Sunbul M AU - Altintop L AU - Gunaydin M TI - Weil's disease: report of 12 cases. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Female MH - Human MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Penicillins/therapeutic use MH - Rural Population MH - Turkey/epidemiology MH - Weil's Disease/drug therapy/*epidemiology/*physiopathology RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Penicillins) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970520 DP - 1996 IS - 0036-5548 TA - Scand J Infect Dis PG - 637-9 SB - M CY - SWEDEN IP - 6 VI - 28 JC - UCX AA - Author EM - 9707 AB - The epidemiological distribution and clinical features of 12 cases of Weil's disease from Turkey, are reviewed. The disease is most common in male farmers from rural areas. Myalgia and jaundice were recorded in all patients. Signs included vomiting in 9 patients, haemorrhages in 6, and renal function was impaired in 6. Creatine phosphokinase levels were found above normal limits in 75% of the cases. Leptospires were demonstrated with dark-field microscopy in the blood of 9 and in the urine of 5 of these patients. The diagnosis was confirmed with microscopic agglutination test (MAT) as well as with ELISA. Ig M antibodies were detected in 11 (92%) of the patients and is an accurate marker for acute leptospirosis. Penicillin was used for therapy and the outcome was favorable in 10 patients. Two patients died. It should be kept in mind that leptospirosis is an extremely severe disease which requires appropriate examinations at the right moment. AD - Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Ondokuz Mayis University Medical School, Samsun, Turkey. PMID- 9060072 SO - Scand J Infect Dis 1996;28(6):637-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [101 medline neighbors] UI - 97199885 AU - Shimizu K AU - Morimoto S TI - [Spirochaeta! myocarditis] LA - Jpn MH - Borrelia burgdorferi/isolation & purification MH - Human MH - Leptospira interrogans/isolation & purification MH - *Lyme Disease MH - Myocarditis/*microbiology MH - *Syphilis, Cardiovascular MH - Treponema pallidum/isolation & purification MH - *Weil's Disease PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, TUTORIAL DA - 970321 DP - 1996 TA - Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu PG - 158-60 CY - JAPAN IP - 14 JC - CAY EM - 9705 AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine. RF - 16 PMID- 9047821 SO - Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu 1996;(14):158-60 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [104 medline neighbors] UI - 97147402 AU - Shuvalova EP AU - Antonova TV AU - Alekseeva EA TI - [The significance of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis and its complications] LA - Rus MH - Antioxidants/analysis MH - Comparative Study MH - English Abstract MH - Human MH - Kidney Failure, Acute/blood/etiology MH - Leptospirosis/*blood/complications/etiology MH - *Lipid Peroxidation MH - Lipid Peroxides/blood MH - Liver Failure, Acute/blood/etiology MH - Malondialdehyde/blood MH - Prognosis MH - Shock, Septic/blood/etiology MH - Time Factors RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Lipid Peroxides) RN - 542-78-9 (Malondialdehyde) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970304 DP - 1996 IS - 0040-3660 TA - Ter Arkh PG - 38-40 SB - M CY - RUSSIA IP - 11 VI - 68 JC - VLU AA - Author EM - 9705 AB - Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant plasma activity were evaluated in 39 patients with leptospiral jaundice. At the height of the disease LPO proceeded more actively, being the highest in cases of severe complications. Early in the disease course general antioxidant activity of plasma was inhibited significantly more noticeably in complicated versus uncomplicated leptospirosis. This confirms pathogenetic implication of membrane LPO in leptospirosis. The approaches to prognostication of the disease course and completeness of the response are proposed. PMID- 9045376 TT - Znachenie perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v patogeneze leptospiroza i ego oslozhnenii. EA - A SO - Ter Arkh 1996;68(11):38-40 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [113 medline neighbors] UI - 97114161 AU - Perret JL AU - Velasque L AU - Morillon M AU - Martet G TI - [Leptospirosis: a cause of pseudo-malarial fever in Gabon] LA - Fre MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - English Abstract MH - *Fever MH - France/ethnology MH - Gabon MH - Human MH - IgM/blood MH - Leptospira/immunology MH - Leptospirosis/*diagnosis/immunology MH - *Malaria, Falciparum MH - Male MH - Military Personnel RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (IgM) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970117 DP - 1996 TA - Bull Soc Pathol Exot PG - 217-9 SB - M CY - FRANCE IP - 3 VI - 89 JC - BK9 AA - Author EM - 9703 AB - A first case of leptospirosis has been recently described in Gabon where bioclimatological characteristics could favour the transmission of that disease. Therefore, a search for antibodies to leptospirae was conducted among 55 military Frenchmen with unexplained fever during a four-month stay in Gabon. Three (5.5%) were positive with IgM levels attesting for recent contamination. A screening antigenic battery identified L. bataviae in two cases and L. sejroe in one case. The three patients were employed outside in the precedent weeks. Travelers are exposed to leptospirosis in numerous Third-World countries. Clinical and biological similarities between leptospirosis and P. falciparum malaria could induce misdiagnosis. Co-infection could also be encountered. Doxycycline, whose activity against P. falciparum is well known, is also effective against leptospirae. Therefore, this drug seems valuable for prophylactic and therapeutic actions in areas exposed to the both diseases. AD - Service de medecine interne et pathologie infectieuse et tropicale, HIA Laveran, Marseille-Armees. PMID- 8998419 TT - Leptospirose: une cause de fievre pseudo-palustre au Gabon. EA - A SO - Bull Soc Pathol Exot 1996;89(3):217-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [115 medline neighbors] UI - 96425912 AU - Andreescu N TI - [The receptivity to Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae infection in the Romanian population] LA - Rum MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Agglutination Tests MH - Aging/immunology MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Child MH - Disease Susceptibility MH - Female MH - Human MH - Leptospira interrogans/immunology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Romania MH - Sex Characteristics MH - Weil's Disease/*immunology/prevention & control RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961202 DP - 1996 Jan-Jun TA - Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol PG - 29-31 CY - ROMANIA IP - 1-2 VI - 41 JC - BFP EM - 9702 AD - Institutul Cantacuzino. PMID- 8963112 TT - Studiul receptivitatii la infectia cu Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae a populatiei din Romania. SO - Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol 1996 Jan-Jun;41(1-2):29-31 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [131 medline neighbors] UI - 97088771 AU - Masuzawa T AU - Nakamura R AU - Beppu Y AU - Yanagihara Y TI - Immunochemical characteristics and localization on cells of protective antigen (PAg) prepared from Leptospira interrogans serovar lai. LA - Eng MH - Antigens, Bacterial/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - Blotting, Western MH - Chromatography, Affinity MH - Epitopes/chemistry MH - Formic Acids/metabolism MH - Hydrolysis MH - Leptospira interrogans/*chemistry/immunology/ultrastructure MH - Microscopy, Immunoelectron MH - Oxidation-Reduction RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Epitopes) RN - 0 (Formic Acids) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970124 DP - 1996 IS - 0385-5600 TA - Microbiol Immunol PG - 237-41 SB - M CY - JAPAN IP - 3 VI - 40 JC - MX7 AA - Author EM - 9704 AB - Immuno-electron microscopic methods revealed that the protective antigen (PAg) of Leptospira interrogans serovar lai exists on the outer envelope sheathing the leptospiral cell body. PAg lost its protective activity after treatment by hydrolysis with 2 M formic acid at 100 C for 2 hr, or oxidation with periodate at 4 C for 40 hr. The antigenic oligosaccharide fraction was further purified from the hydrolyzed PAg by immunoaffinity column coupled with protective monoclonal antibody, LW2, and by gel filtration of HPLC. The antigenic oligosaccharide fraction contained two unknown sugars and 4-O-methylmannose (molar ratio 3:5:1). These findings suggested that these sugars are components of an antigenic determinant contributing to the protective immunity against serovar lai infection. AD - Department of Microbiology, University of Shizuoka, Japan. PMID- 8934679 SO - Microbiol Immunol 1996;40(3):237-41 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [146 medline neighbors] UI - 97087723 AU - Hartskeerl RA AU - Terpstra WJ TI - Leptospirosis in wild animals. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - *Animals, Wild MH - Cattle MH - Chiroptera MH - Deer MH - Hamsters MH - Hedgehogs MH - Lagomorpha MH - *Leptospira MH - Leptospirosis/epidemiology/*veterinary MH - Mice MH - Microtinae MH - Netherlands/epidemiology MH - Rats MH - Shrews MH - Swine PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, TUTORIAL DA - 970227 DP - 1996 IS - 0165-2176 TA - Vet Q PG - S149-50 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS VI - 18 Suppl 3 JC - XBT EM - 9705 AD - Royal Tropical Institute, N.H. Swellengretel-laboratorium, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. RF - 12 PMID- 8933702 SO - Vet Q 1996;18 Suppl 3:S149-50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [102 medline neighbors] UI - 96402605 AU - Rathinamsivakumar AU - Ratnam S AU - Sureshbabu L AU - Natarajaseenivasan K TI - Leptospiral antibodies in patients with recurrent ophthalmic involvement. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*analysis MH - Human MH - India MH - Leptospira/immunology MH - Leptospirosis/*diagnosis/immunology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Panuveitis/diagnosis/*microbiology MH - Retinal Diseases/diagnosis/*microbiology MH - Vasculitis/microbiology RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961025 DP - 1996 Jan IS - 0971-5916 TA - Indian J Med Res PG - 66-8 CY - INDIA VI - 103 JC - GJF AA - Author EM - 9701 AB - Leptospiral antibodies could be demonstrated by microscopic agglutination test in 14 of 15 (93%) patients with acute panuveitis and retinal vasculitis in a preliminary study undertaken during the postmonsoon period at Madurai in Tamilnadu, India. The predominant serogroup was Pomona followed by Autumnalis, Australis and Javanica, the titres being between 1:160 and 1:10240. Titres in the normal controls were 1:20 to 1:80 in 8 of 20 mostly to the endemic serogroup Autumnalis. The involvement of leptospires particularly Pomona as a cause of ophthalmic complications in the patients studied is likely. AD - Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai. PMID- 8926031 SO - Indian J Med Res 1996 Jan;103:66-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [97 medline neighbors] UI - 96402598 AU - John TJ TI - Emerging & re-emerging bacterial pathogens in India. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Anthrax/epidemiology/veterinary MH - Bacterial Infections/*epidemiology MH - Cattle MH - Cholera/epidemiology MH - *Disease Outbreaks MH - Drug Resistance, Multiple MH - Human MH - India MH - Leptospirosis/epidemiology MH - Melioidosis/epidemiology/veterinary MH - Plague/epidemiology MH - Rats PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, TUTORIAL DA - 961025 DP - 1996 Jan IS - 0971-5916 TA - Indian J Med Res PG - 4-18 CY - INDIA VI - 103 JC - GJF AA - Author EM - 9701 AB - In spite of major successes against infectious diseases in the 20th century, new infectious diseases have emerged and old ones re-emerged in recent decades in different parts of the world. A brief survey of emerging and re-emerging bacterial diseases of public health importance in India is presented in this paper. Plague re-appeared in two outbreaks in Maharashtra and Gujarat in 1994, indicating a breakdown of the public health measures that had prevented its occurrence for several decades. Leptospirosis appears to be on the increase in Kerala, Tamilnadu and the Andamans during the last 2 decades, probably due to increased farming and inadequate rodent control. It is suggested that melioidosis due to the soil organism Burkholderia pseudomallei may be prevalent in many parts of India, but is under-diagnosed and under- reported. Since 1991, a completely new choleragenic Vibrio cholerae, designated 0139 has emerged in southern India and spread to other parts of India and to neighbouring countries, setting in motion the 8th cholera pandemic. Animal anthrax is very common in many parts of India, but human anthrax is recognised in only certain limited locations. In the Chittoor and North Arcot districts, its prevalence had increased in recent years. Since 1990, a multi-drug resistant variety of typhoid fever had been prevalent in many parts of India, caused by Salmonella typhi resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim- sulphamethoxazole. Nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection seems to be widely prevalent in hospitals in many regions in India, and its prevalence seems to be on the rise. These pathogens pose new threats to public health, and call for appropriate responses. Microbiological expertise and epidemiological surveillance are deficient in the health care and public health systems in India; therefore even infections and diseases that have been under control elsewhere remain prevalent in the country, but are also under-diagnosed and under-reported. Without improving microbiological expertise and application as well as epidemiological skills and practices, emerging and re-emerging diseases may not be recognised, identified or intercepted in their early stages. AD - Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore. RF - 74 PMID- 8926026 SO - Indian J Med Res 1996 Jan;103:4-18 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [103 medline neighbors] UI - 97064072 AU - Brandling-Bennett AD AU - Penheiro F TI - Infectious diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean: are they really emerging and increasing? [editorial] LA - Eng MH - Cholera/*epidemiology MH - Dengue/*epidemiology MH - Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/*epidemiology MH - Human MH - Latin America/epidemiology MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology PT - EDITORIAL DA - 961206 DP - 1996 Jan-Mar IS - 1080-6040 TA - Emerg Infect Dis PG - 59-61 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 1 VI - 2 JC - COD EM - 9702 PMID- 8903199 SO - Emerg Infect Dis 1996 Jan-Mar;2(1):59-61 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [107 medline neighbors] UI - 97003907 AU - Tavares-Neto J AU - Andrade J AU - Hofer E AU - de Oliveira GF AU - Couto-Junior A TI - [The frequency of agglutinins for Leptospira seen in the inhabitants of Uberaba, Minas Gerais] LA - Por MH - Adult MH - Agglutinins/*blood MH - Brazil/epidemiology MH - Female MH - Human MH - Incidence MH - Leptospira/*immunology MH - Leptospirosis/epidemiology/immunology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Risk Factors MH - Seroepidemiologic Methods MH - *Urban Population/statistics & numerical data RN - 0 (Agglutinins) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961209 DP - 1996 Jan-Feb IS - 0037-8682 TA - Rev Soc Bras Med Trop PG - 55-8 CY - BRAZIL IP - 1 VI - 29 JC - RET EM - 9702 AD - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA. PMID- 8851218 TT - Frequencia de aglutininas para Leptrospira observadas em habitantes de Uberaba, Minas Gerais. SO - Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1996 Jan-Feb;29(1):55-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [104 medline neighbors] UI - 96417901 AU - Pupkevich-Diamant IaS TI - [The results of the study of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the leptospiral infectious process and its clinical manifestations] LA - Rus MH - Human MH - Leptospira/pathogenicity MH - Leptospirosis/diagnosis/*etiology/microbiology/physiopathology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, TUTORIAL DA - 961204 DP - 1996 Jan-Feb IS - 0372-9311 TA - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol PG - 100-4 SB - M CY - RUSSIA IP - 1 JC - Y9O EM - 9702 AD - Novocherkassk, Russia. RF - 47 PMID- 8820692 TT - Nekotorye itogi izucheniia patogeneza i patofiziologii leptospiroznogo infektsionnogo protsessa i ego klinicheskikh proiavlenii. SO - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1996 Jan-Feb;(1):100-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [13 medline neighbors] UI - 96244650 AU - Goodman SA TI - USDA: progress toward in vitro tests and other trends. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Animal Testing Alternatives/*legislation & jurisprudence/*trends MH - Bacterial Vaccines/pharmacology/standards MH - Biological Products/isolation & purification/*pharmacology/*standards MH - Clostridium/immunology MH - Diarrhea Virus, Bovine Viral/immunology MH - Erysipelothrix/immunology MH - Escherichia coli/immunology MH - In Vitro MH - Leptospira/immunology MH - Reference Standards MH - Safety MH - Tetanus Antitoxin/pharmacology MH - United States MH - United States Department of Agriculture MH - Viral Vaccines/pharmacology/standards RN - 0 (Bacterial Vaccines) RN - 0 (Biological Products) RN - 0 (Tetanus Antitoxin) RN - 0 (Viral Vaccines) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960925 DP - 1996 IS - 0301-5149 TA - Dev Biol Stand PG - 41-7 SB - M CY - SWITZERLAND VI - 86 JC - E7V AA - Author EM - 9611 AB - The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture has demonstrated a commitment toward replacement, reduction and refinement of animal use in the development and control of biological products. This presentation describes some specific approaches with which APHIS has reduced the number of animals used in testing by replacing host or laboratory animal potency tests with validated in vitro tests, reduced the number of animals required for tests by allowing sequential use of animals for tests of immunologically distinct entities, and replaced host or laboratory animal challenge studies with serological tests. It also describes APHIS' plans to reduce pain and suffering of animals by allowing euthanasia when death from causes unrelated to the test is expected. Finally, it reports on refinements in extraneous agent testing, which began when host animal tests were replaced with an in vitro test method and continued when the in vitro test was replaced with a more sensitive status of these approaches is discussed in the context of APHIS' current regulatory framework. AD - USDA, APHIS, BBEP Veterinary Biologics, Hyattsville, MD, USA. PMID- 8785990 SO - Dev Biol Stand 1996;86:41-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [53 medline neighbors] UI - 96244697 AU - Ruby KW AU - Walden DM AU - Wannemuehler MJ TI - Development of an in vitro assay for measuring the relative potency of leptospiral bacterins containing serovar canicola and its correlation to the hamster potency assay. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Animal Testing Alternatives/methods MH - Antibodies, Monoclonal MH - Bacterial Vaccines/*analysis MH - Comparative Study MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods MH - Hamsters MH - Leptospira/*immunology/pathogenicity MH - Virulence RN - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal) RN - 0 (Bacterial Vaccines) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960925 DP - 1996 IS - 0301-5149 TA - Dev Biol Stand PG - 341 SB - M CY - SWITZERLAND VI - 86 JC - E7V EM - 9611 AD - National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA/APHIS, Ames, IA 50010, USA. PMID- 8785981 SO - Dev Biol Stand 1996;86:341 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [143 medline neighbors] UI - 96244696 AU - Ruby KW TI - Evaluation of the Leptospira pomona ELISA and its correlation with the hamster potency assay. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Animal Testing Alternatives/methods MH - Bacterial Vaccines/*analysis/pharmacology MH - Comparative Study MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods MH - Hamsters MH - Leptospira/*immunology RN - 0 (Bacterial Vaccines) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960925 DP - 1996 IS - 0301-5149 TA - Dev Biol Stand PG - 340 SB - M CY - SWITZERLAND VI - 86 JC - E7V EM - 9611 AD - National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA/APHIS, Ames, IA 50010, USA. PMID- 8785980 SO - Dev Biol Stand 1996;86:340 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [200 medline neighbors] UI - 96378314 AU - de Queiroz-Leite LT AU - Resende M AU - Ramos-Vieira M das N AU - Cota-Koury M TI - Experimental immunization of hamsters with an EDTA extract of Leptospira interrogans, serovar icterohaemorrhagiae. LA - Eng MH - Agglutinins/biosynthesis/immunology MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis/immunology MH - Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic MH - Edetic Acid MH - Evaluation Studies MH - Hamsters MH - Injections, Subcutaneous MH - Kidney/microbiology MH - Leptospira interrogans/chemistry/classification/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/immunology/*prevention & control MH - Lipopolysaccharides/administration & dosage/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - Mesocricetus MH - Solvents MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - *Vaccination RN - 0 (Agglutinins) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Bacterial Vaccines) RN - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides) RN - 0 (Solvents) RN - 60-00-4 (Edetic Acid) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961203 DP - 1996 Jan-Mar IS - 0187-4640 TA - Rev Latinoam Microbiol PG - 39-43 CY - MEXICO IP - 1 VI - 38 JC - SEP AA - Author EM - 9702 AB - The EDTA extract was prepared from the Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae. When inoculated subcutaneously in hamsters it conferred protection from challenge with virulent leptospires with a low dose (10 micrograms/ml) and low agglutinating antibody (40). The protection of animals obtained by the EDTA extract opens up the perspective of its use as a component of a vaccine for the control of leptospirosis. AD - Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil. PMID- 8783904 SO - Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1996 Jan-Mar;38(1):39-43 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [122 medline neighbors] UI - 96319068 AU - De Brito T AU - Sandoval MP AU - Silva AG AU - Saad RC AU - Colaiacovo W TI - Intestinal spirochetosis: first cases reported in Brazil and the use of immunohistochemistry as an aid in histopathological diagnosis. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Biopsy MH - Brazil/epidemiology MH - Case Report MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Colon/microbiology/*ultrastructure MH - Colonic Diseases/microbiology/*pathology MH - Female MH - Human MH - Immunohistochemistry MH - Infant MH - Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology/ultrastructure MH - Male MH - Microscopy, Electron MH - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning MH - Middle Age MH - Rectum/microbiology/*ultrastructure MH - Spirochaetales/*ultrastructure MH - Spirochaetales Infections/*diagnosis/epidemiology/microbiology MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961217 DP - 1996 Jan-Feb IS - 0036-4665 TA - Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo PG - 45-52 CY - BRAZIL IP - 1 VI - 38 JC - S9D AA - Author EM - 9702 AB - Colonization of the colon and rectum by intestinal spirochetes is detected for the first time in Brazil in 4 of 282 (1.41%) patients who had undergone sigmoidoscopy and/or colonoscopy with a histopathological diagnosis of chronic non specific-colitis. This frequency is probably underestimated, since surgically obtained specimens were not considered in the present study. Histopathological diagnosis was performed using routine stains like hematoxylin-eosin which showed the typical, of 3- microns thick hematoxyphilic fringe on the brush border of the surface epithelium, and by silver stains like the Warthin-Starry stain. Immunohistochemical procedures using two, polyclonal, primary antibodies, one against Treponema pallidum and the other against Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae cross-reacted with spirochetal antigen/s producing a marked contrast of the fringe over the colonic epithelium, preserving the spiral-shaped morphology of the parasite. In one case with marked diarrhea, immunohistochemistry detected spirochetal antigen/s within a cell in an intestinal crypt, thus demonstrating that the infection can be more widely disseminated than suspected using routine stains. Immunohistochemical procedures, thus, greatly facilitate the histological diagnosis of intestinal spirochetosis and may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy performed in one case showed that the spirochete closely resembled the species designated as Brachyspira aalborgi. AD - Institute of Tropical Medicine and University Hospital, University of S. Paulo Medical School, Brazil. PMID- 8762639 SO - Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1996 Jan-Feb;38(1):45-52 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [102 medline neighbors] UI - 96333780 AU - Huang G AU - Lin T TI - Bacterial L-forms research in China. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Human MH - L Forms/*isolation & purification MH - Leptospira/*isolation & purification MH - Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*isolation & purification MH - Streptococcus pyogenes/*isolation & purification MH - Ureaplasma/isolation & purification PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, TUTORIAL DA - 970311 DP - 1996 Jan IS - 0366-6999 TA - Chin Med J (Engl) PG - 18-20 CY - CHINA IP - 1 VI - 109 JC - D3B EM - 9705 AD - Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui. RF - 0 PMID- 8758352 SO - Chin Med J (Engl) 1996 Jan;109(1):18-20 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [107 medline neighbors] UI - 96351913 AU - Alt DP AU - Bolin CA TI - Preliminary evaluation of antimicrobial agents for treatment of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona infection in hamsters and swine. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibiotics/*pharmacology MH - Comparative Study MH - Female MH - Hamsters MH - Kidney/microbiology/pathology MH - Leptospira interrogans/classification/isolation & purification MH - Mesocricetus MH - Species Specificity MH - Swine MH - *Swine Diseases MH - Weil's Disease/drug therapy/pathology/*veterinary RN - 0 (Antibiotics) PT - CLINICAL TRIAL PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL DA - 970310 DP - 1996 Jan IS - 0002-9645 TA - Am J Vet Res PG - 59-62 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 1 VI - 57 JC - 40C AA - Author EM - 9705 AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate antimicrobial agents for treatment of models of acute and persistent leptospirosis caused by Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. DESIGN: Randomized trials comparing dosages and regimens of various antimicrobial agents for treatment of acute and persistent leptospirosis. ANIMALS: 245 Golden hamsters to model acute leptospirosis and 121 mixed-breed swine to model persistent leptospirosis. PROCEDURE: Hamsters and swine were inoculated with L interrogans serovar pomona. Antimicrobial agents were given to hamsters for 3 or 5 days after inoculation, with necropsy at 14 days after inoculation. Swine were treated for 1, 3, or 5 days beginning at 3 weeks after inoculation, and were necropsied 7 to 10 days after completion of antimicrobial agent treatment. Hamster tissue and swine tissue and urine specimens were examined by culture, fluorescent antibody testing, and histologic examination for presence of leptospires. RESULTS: All untreated control hamsters became infected and manifested clinical signs and lesions of acute leptospirosis. Leptospires were not detected in hamsters treated with dihydrostreptomycin/penicillin G (25 mg/kg of body weight). Administration of ampicillin at all dosages reduced the number of hamsters infected, as confirmed at necropsy; the other agents tested required dosages greater than label recommendations to reduce the number infected. All untreated control swine became infected and shed leptospires in urine through the time of necropsy. Leptospires were not detected in kidneys or urine of swine treated with dihydrostreptomycin/penicillin G (25 mg/kg) for 1, 3, or 5 days, or in swine treated with oxytetracycline (40 mg/kg for 3 or 5 days), tylosin (44 mg/kg for 5 days), or erythromycin (25 mg/kg for 5 days). Treatment with ceftiofur and ampicillin was not effective in elimination of L interrogans serovar pomona in swine. CONCLUSIONS: Dihydrostreptomycin/penicillin G is effective for treatment of acute and persistent leptospirosis. Differences between the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents in the acute and persistent model of leptospirosis emphasize the importance of using the appropriate model for treatment evaluation. Antimicrobial agents evaluated for treatment of persistent leptospirosis in swine required the use of dosages above those recommended by the manufacturer. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of antimicrobial agents at extra-label dosages for treatment of persistent leptospirosis may cause residue problems in food animals; however, these regimens may be useful for treatment of breeding stock or animals destined for import/export. AD - National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA. PMID- 8720239 SO - Am J Vet Res 1996 Jan;57(1):59-62 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [160 medline neighbors] UI - 96241237 AU - Achacha M AU - Mittal KR TI - Identification and characterization of genus-specific epitopes of Serpulina species using monoclonal antibodies. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis MH - Antigens, Bacterial/*isolation & purification MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary MH - Hybridomas MH - Serpulina/*immunology MH - Species Specificity MH - Spirochaetales Infections/immunology/microbiology/*veterinary MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Swine MH - Swine Diseases/*immunology/microbiology RN - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal) RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960903 DP - 1996 Jan IS - 0378-1135 TA - Vet Microbiol PG - 73-85 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 1-2 VI - 48 JC - XBW AA - Author EM - 9611 AB - Four murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) designated as C9E8, A10, G12, and G8 which recognized both Serpulina hyodysenteriae and S. innocens were produced and characterized. The mAbs reacted with whole cell antigens in ELISA, indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays. The mAbs did not show any cross reactivity in rapid dot ELISA or immunoblot assay with Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae, Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli. Treatment of whole cell suspension with proteinase K and sodium periodate indicated that the reacting epitopes of the mAbs were protein in nature. The genus-specific antigens were identified as heat-stable proteins with molecular weight in the range of 26 to 45 kDa. Immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling studies showed that the antibody-binding epitopes were exposed on the outer- surface of the spirochaetal cell wall. The mAbs inhibited growth of reference strains of both S. hyodysenteriae and S. innocens in vitro but failed to cause agglutination. The detection of spirochaetal forms directly in fecal smears or paraffin-embeded tissue sections from experimentally infected pigs indicated that such mAbs were potentially useful for the diagnosis of swine spirochaetosis. This is the first report of mAbs identifying and characterizing common antigens of porcine Serpulina. AD - Departement de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Universite de Montreal, Quebec, Canada. PMID- 8701579 SO - Vet Microbiol 1996 Jan;48(1-2):73-85 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [115 medline neighbors] UI - 96233345 AU - Egorov IIa AU - Maramovich AS AU - Makeev SM AU - Cherniavskii VF AU - Trop IE AU - Tugutov LD TI - [The epidemiological and epizootiological characteristics of leptospirosis in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)] LA - Rus MH - Adult MH - Animal MH - Animals, Domestic MH - Animals, Wild MH - Disease Reservoirs/statistics & numerical data/veterinary MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/*veterinary MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Siberia/epidemiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960905 DP - 1996 Jan-Mar IS - 0025-8326 TA - Med Parazitol (Mosk) PG - 48-51 CY - RUSSIA IP - 1 JC - M72 AA - Author EM - 9611 AB - Among zoonotic infections with natural foci in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), leptospiroses have assumed greater importance. Their morbidity is sporadic, mainly afflicting rural adults. The serogroups pomona, grippotyphosa, and icterohaemorrhagiae are prevalent in the etiological structure of leptospiras. An epizootiological survey has revealed natural and anthropurgic leptospirosis foci which present a hazard primarily to rural inhabitants who deal with animal husbandry, fur-bearer breeding, hunting, and fishing. The vole (Microtis) and root vole (Microtis oeconomus) serve as the major reservoir and source of leptospiroses in the natural foci, while cattle and caged Arctic foxes do in the anthropurgic ones. High sizes of house and grey mice which are carriers of the Leptospira javanica and icterohaemorrhagiae, have been recorded in the residential and domestic constructions of localities. A complex of antileprospirotic measures that limits the influence of the leading factors of infection transmission and the risk of human infection is substantiated. PMID- 8700015 TT - Epidemiologicheskaia i epizootologicheskaia kharakteristika leptospirozov v respublike Sakha (Iakutiia). EA - A SO - Med Parazitol (Mosk) 1996 Jan-Mar;(1):48-51 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [116 medline neighbors] UI - 96207758 AU - Abdulkader RC AU - Seguro AC AU - Malheiro PS AU - Burdmann EA AU - Marcondes M TI - Peculiar electrolytic and hormonal abnormalities in acute renal failure due to leptospirosis. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Blood Pressure MH - Corticotropin/blood MH - Electrolytes/*blood MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Hormones/*blood MH - Human MH - Kidney/physiopathology MH - Kidney Failure, Acute/etiology/*metabolism MH - Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute/metabolism MH - Leptospirosis/*complications MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Potassium/blood RN - 0 (Electrolytes) RN - 0 (Hormones) RN - 7440-09-7 (Potassium) RN - 9002-60-2 (Corticotropin) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960725 DP - 1996 Jan IS - 0002-9637 TA - Am J Trop Med Hyg PG - 1-6 SB - A SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 1 VI - 54 JC - 3ZQ AA - Author EM - 9609 AB - Hypokalemia in leptospirosis acute renal failure (ARF) was studied in nine patients with severe leptospirosis ARF and five patients with moderate leptospirosis ARF and compared with five patients with severe acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and eight healthy individuals. Urinary volumes of both the severe and moderate leptospirosis groups were higher than those of the severe ATN group. Leptospirosis groups had serum potassium levels lower than those found in the healthy and severe ATN groups. Serum sodium levels were lower in the severe leptospirosis group than in the moderate leptospirosis, the severe ATN, and the healthy groups. There was a positive correlation between the fractional excretion of sodium and potassium in the severe leptospirosis group as well as between serum creatinine and potassium levels in the pooled leptospirosis groups. Urinary pH in the severe and moderate leptospirosis groups was lower than in the severe ATN group. Aldosterone levels were higher in the severe leptospirosis group than in the healthy individuals. Cortisol levels were higher in the leptospirosis groups than in the healthy subjects. These results strongly suggest that hypokalemia in leptospirosis ARF is due to renal potassium wasting potentialized by aldosterone and cortisol, requiring that special attention is given to potassium replacement as well as to volume repletion in the treatment of leptospirosis ARF. AD - Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Renal, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. PMID- 8651360 SO - Am J Trop Med Hyg 1996 Jan;54(1):1-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [156 medline neighbors] UI - 96222190 AU - Frolov VM AU - Peresadin NA AU - Baklanova AV TI - [Clinical assessment of autoimmune and immunocomplex reactions in patients with leptospirosis] LA - Rus MH - *Antigen-Antibody Complex MH - *Autoimmunity MH - Bilirubin/blood MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/blood/*immunology RN - 0 (Antigen-Antibody Complex) RN - 635-65-4 (Bilirubin) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960719 DP - 1996 IS - 0023-2149 TA - Klin Med (Mosk) PG - 68 CY - RUSSIA IP - 1 VI - 74 JC - KW2 EM - 9609 PMID- 8649020 TT - Klinicheskaia otsenka autoimmunnykh i immunokompleksnykh reaktsii u bol'nykh leptospirozom. SO - Klin Med (Mosk) 1996;74(1):68 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [142 medline neighbors] UI - 96208194 AU - Bender LC AU - Hall PB TI - Leptospira interrogans exposure in free-ranging elk in Washington. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood/urine MH - Carrier State/epidemiology/*veterinary MH - *Deer MH - Female MH - Leptospira interrogans/classification/*immunology MH - Leptospirosis/epidemiology/*veterinary MH - Pregnancy MH - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/*veterinary MH - Prevalence MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Washington/epidemiology RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960624 DP - 1996 Jan IS - 0090-3558 TA - J Wildl Dis PG - 121-4 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 1 VI - 32 JC - KEM AA - Author EM - 9608 AB - Exposure to one or more serovars of Leptospira interrogans was observed in five of six sampled elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) killed in November 1993, from an isolated herd in southwest Washington, USA (46 degrees 45'N, 123 degrees 6'W). In April 1994, exposure to L. interrogans serovars was documented in nine of 11 captured cow elk from the same herd. Leptospires were not isolated from any of the exposed elk, and 10 of the 11 cows were pregnant. The high seroprevalence is evidence that exposure is widespread in the herd. Local productivity of elk was high, however, and the surrounding topography was not conducive for transmission to other elk populations. AD - Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Vancouver 98663, USA. PMID- 8627923 SO - J Wildl Dis 1996 Jan;32(1):121-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [169 medline neighbors] UI - 96165151 AU - Nicol AG AU - Wright ME AU - Prentice AC AU - Carroll A AU - Kemp S AU - Reed JM TI - Need for vaccination of sewer workers against leptospirosis and hepatitis A [letter; comment] LA - Eng MH - Hepatitis A/*prevention & control MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*prevention & control MH - *Vaccination PT - COMMENT PT - LETTER DA - 960304 DP - 1996 Jan IS - 1351-0711 TA - Occup Environ Med PG - 71 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 1 VI - 53 JC - BWC EM - 9605 CM - Comment on: Occup Environ Med 1995 Aug;52(8):505-7 RO - M:LC2 PMID- 8563863 LR - 960507 SO - Occup Environ Med 1996 Jan;53(1):71 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [3 protein links] [1 nucleotide link] [117 medline neighbors] UI - 96144301 AU - Stamm LV AU - Frye JG AU - Hardham JM TI - Sequence of the Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc recA gene. LA - Eng MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Base Sequence MH - DNA, Bacterial/genetics MH - *Genes, Structural, Bacterial MH - Leptospira/*genetics MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Promoter Regions (Genetics) MH - Rec A Protein/*genetics MH - Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Rec A Protein) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE ID - 1 UO1 AI31496/AI/NIAID DA - 960301 DP - 1995 Dec 29 IS - 0378-1119 TA - Gene PG - 339-40 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 1-2 VI - 167 JC - FOP AA - Author EM - 9605 AB - The nucleotide (nt) sequence of the recA gene of Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc strain Patoc I has been determined. The deduced amino acid (aa) sequence of the RecA protein is 387 aa long with a predicted molecular mass of 42,355 Da. The aa sequence has a high degree of identity to the aa sequences of many bacterial RecA, including Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. This is the first recA sequence reported for a bacterium in the order Spirochaetales. AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA. PMID- 8566806 SI - GENBANK/U32625 SO - Gene 1995 Dec 29;167(1-2):339-40 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [138 medline neighbors] UI - 96088922 TI - From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreak of acute febrile illness and pulmonary hemorrhage--Nicaragua, 1995. LA - Eng MH - Acute Disease MH - *Disease Outbreaks MH - Fever/etiology MH - Hemorrhage/etiology MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/complications/*epidemiology MH - Lung Diseases/etiology MH - Nicaragua/epidemiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 951226 DP - 1995 Dec 6 IS - 0098-7484 TA - JAMA PG - 1668 SB - A SB - M SB - X CY - UNITED STATES IP - 21 VI - 274 JC - KFR EM - 9602 PMID- 7474259 NI - A SO - JAMA 1995 Dec 6;274(21):1668 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [200 medline neighbors] UI - 96140524 AU - Swiader L AU - Disdier P AU - Retornaz F AU - Pauzier F AU - Harle JR AU - Weiller PJ TI - [Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in leptospirosis (letter)] LA - Fre MH - Adult MH - Case Report MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*diagnosis MH - Male PT - LETTER DA - 960212 DP - 1995 Dec 2 IS - 0755-4982 TA - Presse Med PG - 1753 SB - M SB - X CY - FRANCE IP - 37 VI - 24 JC - PMT EM - 9604 PMID- 8545419 TT - Reactions de Jarisch-Herxheimer au cours d'une leptospirose. SO - Presse Med 1995 Dec 2;24(37):1753 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [109 medline neighbors] UI - 97206475 AU - Kiatboonsri S AU - Vathesatogit P AU - Charoenpan P TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome in Thai medical patients. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - Female MH - Hospital Mortality MH - Human MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Positive-Pressure Respiration MH - Prospective Studies MH - Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/*etiology/mortality/*therapy MH - Risk Factors MH - Survival Analysis MH - Thailand MH - Treatment Outcome PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970502 DP - 1995 Dec IS - 0038-3619 TA - Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health PG - 774-80 SB - M CY - THAILAND IP - 4 VI - 26 JC - UVN AA - Author EM - 9707 AB - Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been a well recognized severe form of acute respiratory failure of multiple causes, which is characterized by intractable hypoxemia and an extremely high mortality rate. Forty-six cases of ARDS admitted to the Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital during a 39 months period were studied prospectively to explore the etiologic risk, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) profiles, complications and outcome of treatment. There were 19 females and 27 males with the mean age of 40 years. Risks of ARDS included intra- and extra-pulmonary disease conditions and also tropical diseases such as malaria and leptospirosis. At the time of diagnosis, patients in this group were extremely hypoxic with a mean arterial/alveolar oxygen tension (PaO2/PAO2) of 0.125 +/- 0.04. After the application of appropriate PEEP, the mean PaO2/PAO2 ratios increased significantly in both survivor and non-survivor groups (0.277 and 0.199). The levels of PEEP used were below 16 and 11 cmH2O in 93.46% and 67.38% of cases, respectively. Complications of PEEP which included barotrauma and hypotension were found in 11 cases (23.9%) with a very high mortality rate (81.8%). There were 28 deaths of patients in this study, giving an overall 60.8% group mortality rate. Despite the similarities in most clinical profiles, the survivors, when compared to the non-survivors, showed a greater extent of improved oxygenation in response to the application of PEEP, with fewer PEEP complications. The present study would, hopefully, provide the Thai clinicians with valuable informations in the management of ARDS. AD - Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. PMID- 9139393 SO - Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1995 Dec;26(4):774-80 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [104 medline neighbors] UI - 97015025 AU - Ciceroni L AU - Pinto A AU - Benedetti E AU - Pizzocaro P AU - Lupidi R AU - Cinco M AU - Gelosa L AU - Grillo R AU - Rondinella V AU - Marcuccio L AU - et al TI - Human leptospirosis in Italy, 1986-1993. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Agglutination Tests MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/isolation & purification MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Female MH - Human MH - Infant MH - Italy/epidemiology MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/immunology/transmission MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Seroepidemiologic Methods MH - Weil's Disease/*epidemiology/immunology/transmission RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970605 DP - 1995 Dec IS - 0392-2990 TA - Eur J Epidemiol PG - 707-10 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 6 VI - 11 JC - ERE AA - Author EM - 9708 AB - In the eight-year period 1986-1993, the Italian National Center for Leptospirosis and the Regional Leptospira Laboratories confirmed 312 cases of clinical leptospirosis by using the microscopic agglutination (MA) assay. The majority of cases was observed in Northern regions of the Country. Cases were reported in all age groups, but were most common in the working-age population. Of 312 cases, 291 (93.3%) occurred among males. The largest number of infections was ascribed to occupational activities (45.8%). The typical leptospiral seasonal course, with a peak during the summer, was observed. Involvement of the liver was the most frequent manifestation. Influenza-like symptoms were the only signs of illness in 11.1% of cases. Anti-leptospira antibodies, cross-reacting with two or more serovars, were found in 28.2% of sera. The most frequent serovar-specific antibodies were those against poi, icterohaemorrhagiae, bratislava, copenhageni and sejroe. AD - National Center for Leptospirosis, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy. PMID- 8861858 SO - Eur J Epidemiol 1995 Dec;11(6):707-10 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [116 medline neighbors] UI - 96357851 AU - Richardson GF AU - Spangler E AU - MacAulay EB TI - A serological survey of four Leptospira serovars in dairy cows on Prince Edward Island. LA - Eng MH - Agglutination Tests/veterinary MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/*epidemiology/immunology/microbiology MH - Data Collection MH - Female MH - Leptospira/*classification/immunology MH - Leptospirosis/epidemiology/immunology/microbiology/*veterinary MH - Prevalence MH - Prince Edward Island/epidemiology MH - Seroepidemiologic Methods MH - Serotyping/veterinary MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961022 DP - 1995 Dec IS - 0008-5286 TA - Can Vet J PG - 769-70 SB - M CY - CANADA IP - 12 VI - 36 JC - CLS EM - 9612 AD - Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown. PMID- 8748447 SO - Can Vet J 1995 Dec;36(12):769-70 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [153 medline neighbors] UI - 96331959 AU - Chen Z AU - Dai B AU - Zhang Y AU - Li S TI - [Construction of genomic library of L. interrogans serovar lai and preliminary study of recombinant plasmid pDC38] LA - Chi MH - DNA, Recombinant MH - English Abstract MH - *Genome, Bacterial MH - *Genomic Library MH - Leptospira interrogans/*genetics MH - Plasmids MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (DNA, Recombinant) RN - 0 (Plasmids) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961010 DP - 1995 Dec IS - 0257-7712 TA - Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao PG - 357-60 CY - CHINA IP - 4 VI - 26 JC - GEB AA - Author EM - 9612 AB - A genomic library, consisting of approximate 12 000 recombinants, has been constructed for the Leptospira interrogans serovar lai in E. coli. using pUC18 as the vector. Hybridization analysis with the DNA fragment containing OmpL1 gene was performed and 10 positive clones were screened from the genomic library. One of the positive clones, designated pDC38, showed hybridization signal with the DNA of 7 serovars 8 strains of pathogenic leptospires, but not with the DNA of nonpathogenic leptospires (L. biflexa), Leptonama illini, E. coli., and 2 strains of L. interrongans. AD - Department of Pathophysiology, Sichuan University. PMID- 8732051 EA - A SO - Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao 1995 Dec;26(4):357-60 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [103 medline neighbors] UI - 96329728 AU - Pan ZA AU - He QY TI - [The sero-epidemiological investigation of leptospirosis in Hainan Province] LA - Chi MH - Adult MH - Animal MH - China/epidemiology MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Human MH - Incidence MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology MH - Male MH - Rats MH - Seroepidemiologic Methods MH - Weil's Disease/*epidemiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961205 DP - 1995 Dec IS - 0254-6450 TA - Chung Hua Liu Hsing Ping Hsueh Tsa Chih PG - 369-71 CY - CHINA IP - 6 VI - 16 JC - CQG AA - Author EM - 9702 AB - This paper reported that 529 serum samples were collected from healthy people in ten townships of nine cities or counties of Hainan Province in 1993 and anti-leptospira antibody was examined. Results showed that 274 cases were positive (51.8%), indicating the natural infection rates were from 25.9% to 72.2% in different areas. The infection was irrelevant to sex, but was interrelated to age and occupations. There were 15 serogroups of anti-leptospira antibody identified in this study. Bataviae, Grippotyphosa and Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroups were the dominant serogroups, different from that the Grippotyphosa and Autumnalis serogroups as the superior serogroups in the 1970s. Data shows that the main epidemic serogroups are likely to change, which suggests that the surveillance of leptospirosis needs to be strengthened. AD - Hygiene and Anti-epidemic Station of Hainan Province, Haikou. RO - M:CNR PMID- 8728960 LR - 970707 EA - A SO - Chung Hua Liu Hsing Ping Hsueh Tsa Chih 1995 Dec;16(6):369-71 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [117 medline neighbors] UI - 96193080 AU - Potts AD AU - Lotter C AU - Robinson JT TI - Serological prevalence of leptospiral antibodies in pigs in South Africa. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood MH - Leptospirosis/diagnosis/*veterinary MH - Seroepidemiologic Methods MH - South Africa/epidemiology MH - Swine MH - Swine Diseases/diagnosis/*epidemiology RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960802 DP - 1995 Dec IS - 0030-2465 TA - Onderstepoort J Vet Res PG - 281-4 SB - M CY - SOUTH AFRICA IP - 4 VI - 62 JC - OI6 AA - Author EM - 9610 AB - A serological survey for leptospiral antibodies was carried out on 5 041 abattoir pigs from different regions in South Africa. Antibodies to at least one serovar were detected in 22,2% of the animals. The serovars showing the highest prevalence were: icterohaemorrhagiae (12,6%), hardjo (12,1%) and bratislava (7,5%). The serum dilution level at which 90% of the sera reacted was 1/80 or 1,160. AD - Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, South Africa. PMID- 8668327 SO - Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1995 Dec;62(4):281-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [101 medline neighbors] UI - 96156144 AU - Zuerner RL AU - Alt D AU - Bolin CA TI - IS1533-based PCR assay for identification of Leptospira interrogans sensu lato serovars [published erratum appears in J Clin Microbiol 1997 Mar;35(3):802] LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Bacterial Typing Techniques MH - Base Sequence MH - Cattle MH - *DNA Insertion Elements MH - DNA Primers/genetics MH - DNA, Bacterial/genetics/urine MH - Gene Amplification MH - Human MH - Leptospira interrogans/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - Serotyping MH - Variation (Genetics) MH - Weil's Disease/diagnosis/microbiology RN - 0 (DNA Insertion Elements) RN - 0 (DNA Primers) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960327 DP - 1995 Dec IS - 0095-1137 TA - J Clin Microbiol PG - 3284-9 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 12 VI - 33 JC - HSH AA - Author EM - 9605 AB - A PCR-based assay was developed for typing L. interrogans sensu lato serovars. The assay is designed to exploit the presence of many copies of the leptospiral insertion sequence IS1533 and IS1533-like sequences present in the genomes of most leptospiral serovars. The PCR primers were designed to amplify DNA of unknown sequence between closely placed IS1533 or IS1533-like sequences. Amplification reactions primed with IS1533-based primers generated products of different sizes. When few copies of IS1533 were present in the genome, amplification of a few products was still detected. These results suggest that IS1533 elements may be found close together. Analysis of DNA amplified from different serovars showed the presence of differently sized products, thus enabling the serovars to be identified. Genetic variation among isolates within the same serovar was also demonstrated with the IS1533- based primers. Amplification reactions using DNA extracted from the urine of infected animals generated specific products which were similar to the products generated from purified bacterial DNA. These results demonstrate that this assay is selective enough to be used for typing leptospiral serovars from clinical material and thus allows leptospiral typing without isolation of the bacteria in pure culture. AD - Leptospirosis and Mycobacteriosis Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA. rzuerner@asrr.arsusda.gov RO - M:MWS PMID- 8586718 LR - 971001 SO - J Clin Microbiol 1995 Dec;33(12):3284-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [177 medline neighbors] UI - 96135116 AU - Ribeiro MA AU - Souza CC AU - Almeida SH TI - Dot-ELISA for human leptospirosis employing immunodominant antigen. LA - Eng MH - Agglutination Tests MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis MH - Antigens, Bacterial/*immunology MH - Comparative Study MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods MH - Evaluation Studies MH - Hepatitis/immunology MH - Human MH - IgM/analysis MH - Immunodominant Epitopes/*immunology MH - Leptospira/*immunology MH - Leptospirosis/*diagnosis/immunology MH - Malaria, Falciparum/immunology MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Serodiagnosis MH - Syphilis/immunology MH - Typhoid/immunology RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) RN - 0 (IgM) RN - 0 (Immunodominant Epitopes) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960212 DP - 1995 Dec IS - 0022-5304 TA - J Trop Med Hyg PG - 452-6 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 6 VI - 98 JC - KAV AA - Author EM - 9604 AB - A dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which uses a proteinase-K resistant antigen (PK-Dot-ELISA) to detect antileptospiral IgM antibodies was compared to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The assay was evaluated in serum samples from patients with leptospirosis (n = 89), typhoid fever (n = 10), malaria (n = 19), syphilis (n = 20), hepatitis (n = 16) and clinically healthy individuals (n = 92). The PK-Dot-ELISA presented a sensitivity of 92.1% and a specificity of 97.5%. The overall results of the PK-Dot-ELISA were similar to those of the MAT. However, the PK-Dot-ELISA was capable of detecting antibody activity in 43% of acute-phase sera which were negative by the MAT. Our data suggest that PK-Dot-ELISA can be used as an important portable field serodiagnostic assay for acute leptospirosis. AD - Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo Health Service, Brazil. PMID- 8544230 SO - J Trop Med Hyg 1995 Dec;98(6):452-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [105 medline neighbors] UI - 96062672 AU - Dwyer AE AU - Crockett RS AU - Kalsow CM TI - Association of leptospiral seroreactivity and breed with uveitis and blindness in horses: 372 cases (1986-1993). LA - Eng MH - Age Distribution MH - Agglutination Tests/veterinary MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Blindness/etiology/genetics/*veterinary MH - Breeding MH - Female MH - Horse Diseases/*etiology/genetics MH - Horses MH - Leptospira interrogans/immunology MH - Leptospirosis/complications/*veterinary MH - Male MH - Ophthalmoscopy/veterinary MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Sex Distribution MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Uveitis/etiology/genetics/*veterinary RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE ID - EY 06866/EY/NEI DA - 951130 DP - 1995 Nov 15 IS - 0003-1488 TA - J Am Vet Med Assoc PG - 1327-31 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 10 VI - 207 JC - HAV AA - Author EM - 9602 AB - Recurrent uveitis, a leading cause of blindness in horses, often develops as a sequela to systemic leptospirosis. Over a 7-year period, 63 of 112 (56%) horses with uveitis were seropositive for Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, but only 23 of 260 (9%) horses without uveitis were seropositive. Odds-ratio analysis revealed that seropositive horses were 13.2 times more likely to have uveitis than were seronegative horses. Of the 63 seropositive horses with uveitis, 59% developed blindness, compared with only 24% in the 49 seronegative horses with uveitis that lost vision in 1 or both eyes during the same period. Odds-ratio analysis revealed that seropositive horses with uveitis were 4.4 times more likely to lose vision than were seronegative horses with uveitis. Of the 112 horses with uveitis, 28 (25%) were Appaloosas, compared with only 10 of the 260 (4%) horses without uveitis (odds ratio, 8.3). In addition, 19 of the 28 (68%) Appaloosas with uveitis developed blindness, compared with only 30 of the 84 (36%) non-Appaloosas with uveitis that lost vision in 1 or both eyes (odds ratio, 3.8). This field study therefore confirmed a strong positive relationship between uveitis and leptospiral seroreactivity in horses. Furthermore, the data suggested that seropositive horses with uveitis were at increased risk of losing vision, compared with that in seronegative horses with uveitis, and that Appaloosas were at increased risk of developing uveitis and associated blindness, compared with that in non-Appaloosas. AD - Genesee Valley Equine Clinic, Scottsville, NY 14546, USA. PMID- 7591929 SO - J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995 Nov 15;207(10):1327-31 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [149 medline neighbors] UI - 96064875 AU - Epstein PR AU - Calix Pena O AU - Blanco Racedo J TI - Climate and disease in Colombia. LA - Eng MH - Aged MH - Child MH - *Climate MH - Colombia MH - Dengue/*epidemiology MH - *Disease Outbreaks MH - Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/*epidemiology MH - Eutrophication MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology MH - Water Pollution/statistics & numerical data PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 951215 DP - 1995 Nov 11 IS - 0140-6736 TA - Lancet PG - 1243-4 SB - A SB - M SB - X CY - ENGLAND IP - 8985 VI - 346 JC - L0S EM - 9602 AD - Harvard School of Public Health New Disease Group, Cambridge Hospital, MA, USA. PMID- 7475711 SO - Lancet 1995 Nov 11;346(8985):1243-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [200 medline neighbors] UI - 96131013 TI - Leptospirosis identified in Nicaragua. LA - Eng LA - Fre MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control MH - Nicaragua/epidemiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960208 DP - 1995 Nov 10 IS - 0049-8114 TA - Wkly Epidemiol Rec PG - 322 CY - SWITZERLAND IP - 45 VI - 70 JC - AVX EM - 9604 PMID- 8534596 NI - A SO - Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1995 Nov 10;70(45):322 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [133 medline neighbors] UI - 96402740 AU - Rivera E AU - Concha C AU - Braganca M AU - Gunnarsson A AU - Karlsson KA TI - Acute outbreak of porcine parvovirus infection in Mozambique. LA - Eng MH - Abortion, Veterinary/epidemiology/etiology MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Viral/analysis/immunology MH - *Disease Outbreaks MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary MH - Female MH - Mozambique/epidemiology MH - Parvoviridae Infections/complications/epidemiology/*veterinary MH - *Parvovirus/immunology/isolation & purification MH - Pregnancy MH - Swine MH - Swine Diseases/*epidemiology RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961203 DP - 1995 Nov IS - 0049-4747 TA - Trop Anim Health Prod PG - 217-20 SB - M CY - SCOTLAND IP - 4 VI - 27 JC - WG2 AA - Author EM - 9702 AB - Investigations were made to determine the causal agent of an acute outbreak of abortions recorded in a swine herd in Mozambique. Isolation of porcine parvovirus and demonstration of its specific antibodies accomplished by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, haemagglutination inhibition and immunofluorescent tests, indicated that porcine parvovirus was the causal agent of the abortions. Other pathogenic agents causing reproductive failure, e.g. pseudorabies virus, Leptospira or Brucella species, were ruled out because investigations of these agents proved to be negative. AD - National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden. PMID- 8966762 SO - Trop Anim Health Prod 1995 Nov;27(4):217-20 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [191 medline neighbors] UI - 96092135 AU - Brem S AU - Radu O AU - Bauer T AU - Schonberg A AU - Reisshauer K AU - Waidmann R AU - Kopp H AU - Meyer P TI - [Leptospira infected rat population as probable cause of a fatal case of Weil's disease] LA - Ger MH - Animal MH - Case Report MH - English Abstract MH - Fatal Outcome MH - Human MH - Leptospira/classification/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/transmission/*veterinary MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Muridae MH - Rats MH - *Rodent Diseases MH - Water Microbiology MH - Weil's Disease/diagnosis/*transmission PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960401 DP - 1995 Nov IS - 0005-9366 TA - Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr PG - 405-7 CY - GERMANY IP - 11 VI - 108 JC - 9Q8 AA - Author EM - 9606 AB - In the summer of 1992 a patient died of a leptospiral infection which he probably had contracted while he was swimming in an artificial lake in the region of Tubingen/Reutlingen. Regarding the epidemiological role of leptospirosis the rodent population was investigated, because rats and mice were often seen in the surrounding area. 11 rats and 20 mice could be trapped. From their urine or kidneys two leptospiral serovars were isolated: Serovar copenhageni from Rattus norvegicus and serovar saxkoebing from Clethrionomys glareolus. Leptospiral antibody titers were not detected in one of these infected animals. It may be supposed that the Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni out of the Serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae had caused the leptospiral infection of the patient. AD - LUA Oberschleissheim. PMID- 8593131 TT - Leptospireninfizierte Rattenpopulation als wahrscheinliche Ursache eines Morbus Weil mit todlichem Verlauf. EA - A SO - Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1995 Nov;108(11):405-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [200 medline neighbors] UI - 96136483 AU - Mel'nitskaia EV AU - Bernasovskaia EP AU - Kondratenko VN TI - [The development and evaluation of a leptospiral polyvalent antigenic erythrocytic diagnostic agent] LA - Rus MH - Antigens, Bacterial/*diagnostic use MH - Erythrocytes/*immunology MH - Evaluation Studies MH - Hemagglutination Tests/methods/statistics & numerical data MH - Human MH - Leptospira/*immunology MH - Leptospirosis/*diagnosis MH - Sensitivity and Specificity RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960222 DP - 1995 Nov-Dec IS - 0372-9311 TA - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol PG - 79-80 SB - M CY - RUSSIA IP - 6 JC - Y9O EM - 9604 PMID- 8553779 TT - Razrabotka i otsenka leptospiroznogo polivalentnogo antigennogo eritrotsitarnogo diagnostikuma. SO - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1995 Nov-Dec;(6):79-80 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [201 medline neighbors] UI - 96136442 AU - Shikulov VA TI - [The systematization of leptospirosis foci] LA - Rus MH - Animal MH - Disease Reservoirs/*classification MH - Disease Vectors/classification MH - Ecology MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/transmission MH - Weil's Disease/*epidemiology/transmission PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960222 DP - 1995 Nov-Dec IS - 0372-9311 TA - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol PG - 26-7 SB - M CY - RUSSIA IP - 6 JC - Y9O EM - 9604 PMID- 8553734 TT - K voprosu sistematizatsii ochagov leptospiroza. SO - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1995 Nov-Dec;(6):26-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [176 medline neighbors] UI - 96136430 AU - Sarukhanova LE AU - Volina EG AU - Levina LF TI - [A comparative study of the DNAse activity of leptospirae on solid nutrient media] LA - Rus MH - Animal MH - Cattle MH - Comparative Study MH - Culture Media MH - Deoxyribonucleases/*metabolism MH - DNA/metabolism MH - Erythrocytes MH - Leptospira/classification/*enzymology/growth & development MH - Serotyping MH - Thymus Gland RN - EC 3.1.- (Deoxyribonucleases) RN - 0 (Culture Media) RN - 9007-49-2 (DNA) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960222 DP - 1995 Nov-Dec IS - 0372-9311 TA - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol PG - 11-2 SB - M CY - RUSSIA IP - 6 JC - Y9O EM - 9604 PMID- 8553717 TT - Sravnitel'noe izuchenie DNK-aznoi aktivnosti leptospir na plotnykh pitatel'nykh sredakh. SO - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1995 Nov-Dec;(6):11-2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [207 medline neighbors] UI - 96137591 AU - de Koning J AU - van der Hoeven JG AU - Meinders AE TI - Respiratory failure in leptospirosis (Weil's disease). LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Case Report MH - Human MH - Lung/radiography MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/etiology/radiography MH - Respiratory Insufficiency/*etiology/radiography MH - Weil's Disease/*complications PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960213 DP - 1995 Nov IS - 0300-2977 TA - Neth J Med PG - 224-9 CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 5 VI - 47 JC - NWY AA - Author EM - 9604 AB - Two patients with leptospirosis (Weil's disease), with acute respiratory failure necessitating mechanical ventilation, are described. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in one patient and profuse pulmonary bleeding in the other were the respective causes of respiratory failure. One patient died after developing the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), the other patient recovered completely. Respiratory failure is an uncommon complication of leptospirosis and is due to severe pulmonary bleeding and/or ARDS. AD - Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Leiden, Netherlands. PMID- 8544894 SO - Neth J Med 1995 Nov;47(5):224-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [166 medline neighbors] UI - 96341139 AU - Candia P AU - Pinto A TI - [Leptospirosis in Gastroenterology. Study of 14 cases in the Hospital Universitario de Caracas 1984-1994] LA - Spa MH - Adult MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Human MH - Jaundice/diagnosis MH - Leptospirosis/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/*diagnosis/urine MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Venezuela PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961205 DP - 1995 Oct-Dec IS - 0016-3503 TA - G E N PG - 273-7 CY - VENEZUELA IP - 4 VI - 49 JC - FL2 AA - Author EM - 9702 AB - 14 cases that were admitted to the Hospital Universitario de Caracas, between 1.989 and 1.994, with a definitive diagnosis of Leptospirosis by microaglutination of live antigens were studied. Most of them hospitalized at the gastroenterology service. The serovar most frequently found was icterohemorragiae 11 cases. There was a predominium for the male gender 12/2 and the majority of patients belonged to the range of age between 31 and 40. The most common forms of presentations were: fever (14), jaundice (10) and myalgias (10) while the most relevant findings at physical examination were: jaundice (12), fever (11) and hepatomegaly (8). All patients had abnormal laboratory tests and among these, aminotransferases, bilirrubin, creatinin, CPK, platelets and urinary sediment were more frequently altered. Only half of the patients were diagnosed as Leptospirosis at the moment of admission. We conclude that even though Leptospirosis is an infectious disease distributed worldwide only few cases are hospitalized and differential diagnosis is difficult because of diversity of clinical presentations and lack of laboratory resources. It is important for gastroenterologists because most of complicated cases present as jaundiced patients. AD - Servicio de Gastroenterologia Hospital Universitario de Caracas. PMID- 8762656 TT - Leptospirosis en gastroenterologia. Estudio de 14 casos en el Hospital Universitario de Caracas. 1989-1994. EA - A SO - G E N 1995 Oct-Dec;49(4):273-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [132 medline neighbors] UI - 96329730 AU - Shi MH AU - Tu YR AU - Li QJ TI - [Study on geographical distribution of leptospirosis in China] LA - Chi MH - China/epidemiology MH - *Disease Outbreaks MH - English Abstract MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology MH - Morbidity MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Weil's Disease/epidemiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960909 DP - 1995 Oct IS - 0254-6450 TA - Chung Hua Liu Hsing Ping Hsueh Tsa Chih PG - 259-62 CY - CHINA IP - 5 VI - 16 JC - CQG AA - Author EM - 9611 AB - Since 1955, Leptospirosis has been recognized as a notifiable infectious disease in China. According to the data gathered from 26 provinces of China (except for Taiwan) in 1955-1993, the average morbidity and mortality were 7.08/10(5) and 1.02% respectively. Distribution of the disease involved 26 provinces in China (not including Taiwan). The trend of the disease has been steady for recent years but outbreaks occasionally occurred, especially in several southern provinces of China. Potential risk factors may exist in these areas. Distribution of endemic areas of this disease is located between 25 degrees-35 degrees latitude and 100 degrees-120 degrees longitude i, e. those provinces along with drainage areas of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River. AD - Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing. PMID- 8706089 EA - A SO - Chung Hua Liu Hsing Ping Hsueh Tsa Chih 1995 Oct;16(5):259-62 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [202 medline neighbors] UI - 96229861 AU - Treml F AU - Nesnalova E TI - [Leptospirosis in slaughter cattle--serologic and bacterial study] LA - Cze MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/*microbiology MH - Czech Republic/epidemiology MH - English Abstract MH - Leptospira/classification/immunology MH - Leptospirosis/epidemiology/microbiology/*veterinary RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960731 DP - 1995 Oct IS - 0375-8427 TA - Vet Med (Praha) PG - 305-9 CY - CZECH REPUBLIC IP - 10 VI - 40 JC - XBP AA - Author EM - 9610 AB - Antibodies to leptospiras were demonstrated in 91 cases (7.4%) out of 1,239 animals examined by serological assays of blood sera of cattle slaughtered in slaughter-houses and coming from 21 farms of one district. The antibodies were detected in animals coming from eleven out of the farms investigated (52.4%). The most frequent reactions were proved with leptospiras of the serovar L. grippotyphosa (61.8%) and with leptospiras of the serological group Sejroe (18.9%), rarely with leptospiras of the serovar L. icterohaemorrhagiae or copenhageni (5.7%). Antibodies to leptospiras of other serovars (L. canicola, L. bulgarica and L. hardjo) were demonstrated only as coagglutionations with the above-mentioned leptospira serovars. We failed to demonstrate leptospiras in the animals examined by culture examinations as well as by bacterioscopy. The results of examinations have shown that the cattle on Czech farms is also exposed to infections by various serovars of leptospiras. The infections are not accompanied by manifest clinical symptoms in many cases nor do they cause significant elimination of leptospiras in urine in the serologically positive animals. On the Czech cattle farms the occurrence of antibodies to leptospiras of the serovar L. grippotyphosa is prevailing; this serovar seems not to be expressly pathogenic to cattle and does not cause the formation of anthropurgic foci. Reduction in the occurrence of antibodies to leptospiras of this type is possible to achieve by preventing the contact with natural foci of this type. Hence the prognosis of epizootologic situation in bovine leptospirosis in the conditions of this country is relatively favorable. But special attention should be paid to animals bought and imported from foreign countries. These animals could be a source of some highly pathogenic serovars of leptospiras to cattle. AD - University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic. PMID- 8659079 TT - Leptospiroza jatecneho skotu--serologicke a bakteriologicke vysetreni. EA - A SO - Vet Med (Praha) 1995 Oct;40(10):305-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [162 medline neighbors] UI - 96167429 AU - Hughes KL TI - The AK Sutherland oration [see comments] LA - Eng MH - Australia MH - *Awards and Prizes MH - History of Medicine, 20th Cent. MH - Leptospirosis/history MH - Publishing/history MH - Queensland MH - Societies MH - *Veterinary Medicine/history PT - BIOGRAPHY PT - HISTORICAL ARTICLE PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960424 DP - 1995 Oct IS - 0005-0423 TA - Aust Vet J PG - 361-3 SB - M CY - AUSTRALIA IP - 10 VI - 72 JC - 9IE EM - 9606 AD - School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane. CM - Comment in: Aust Vet J 1996 Mar;73(3):118 RO - M:LC2 PMID- 8599566 LR - 960909 CU - 96 PS - Sutherland AK SO - Aust Vet J 1995 Oct;72(10):361-3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [200 medline neighbors] UI - 96072386 AU - Ahasan HA AU - Chowdhury MA AU - Azhar MA AU - Rafiqueuddin AK TI - Pitfalls in the diagnosis of jaundiced patients in the tropics [letter] LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Bangladesh MH - Human MH - Jaundice/*etiology MH - Leptospirosis/complications MH - Liver Diseases/complications MH - Male MH - Typhoid/complications PT - LETTER DA - 960118 DP - 1995 Oct IS - 0049-4755 TA - Trop Doct PG - 191 CY - ENGLAND IP - 4 VI - 25 JC - WGC EM - 9603 PMID- 7502338 SO - Trop Doct 1995 Oct;25(4):191 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [195 medline neighbors] UI - 96317775 AU - Machado ES AU - Feres JG AU - Feijo LA AU - Andrade J AU - Nogueira SA TI - Is CK-MB isoenzyme useful for diagnosis of cardiac involvement in icteric leptospirosis? LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes/*blood MH - Female MH - Heart Diseases/blood/*diagnosis/*microbiology MH - Human MH - Male MH - Prospective Studies MH - Weil's Disease/*complications RN - EC 2.7.3.- (Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes) PT - CLINICAL TRIAL PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961203 DP - 1995 Sep-Oct IS - 0036-4665 TA - Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo PG - 461-5 CY - BRAZIL IP - 5 VI - 37 JC - S9D AA - Author EM - 9702 AB - In the absence of heart failure or cardiogenic shock, cardiac involvement diagnosis in icteric leptospirosis is possible on the basis of abnormal electrocardiograms. As metabolic and electrolytic disorders are frequently seen during acute leptospirosis infection, they may be responsible for some electrocardiograms changes. We conducted a study to assess if creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme determinations are useful in selecting patients with a high cardiac involvement suspicion. Sixty- nine patients were studied prospectively. Ten patients out of 16 with cardiac involvement and 25 without had high CK-MB levels (p > 0.05), although mean values of abnormal CK-MB levels were higher in the group with cardiac involvement (p < 0.05). Our analysis indicates that serum CK-MB determination does not provide a specific indicator of myocardial involvement in the course of icteric leptospirosis. AD - Servico de Doencas Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janiero, Brasil. PMID- 8729758 SO - Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1995 Sep-Oct;37(5):461-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [103 medline neighbors] UI - 96147936 AU - Chen Z AU - Dai B AU - Zhang Y AU - Li S TI - [Homology study of leptospires in China with the OmpL1 gene] LA - Chi MH - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/*genetics MH - DNA, Bacterial/genetics MH - English Abstract MH - *Genes, Bacterial MH - Leptospira interrogans/classification/*genetics MH - *Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960325 DP - 1995 Sep IS - 0257-7712 TA - Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao PG - 248-51 CY - CHINA IP - 3 VI - 26 JC - GEB AA - Author EM - 9605 AB - Southern hybridization analysis with the OmpL1 gene was performed. The results of probing EcoRI-restricted genomic DNA from 18 strains in China showed that the homology fragments of OmpL1 gene were presented in 12 pathogenic Leptospira strains: sero-group Icterohaemorrhagiae (2 strains), Canicola, Ballum, Pyrogenes, Autumnalis, Australis, Pomona, Grip-potyphosa, Hebdomadis, Bataviae, and Sejroe, but they were not presented in the nonpathogenic Leptospira biflexa strain Patoc I, Leptonema illini strain 3055 and pathogenic Leptospira Serogroup Javanica, Tarassovi, Manhao and Mini. AD - Department of Pathophysiology, Sichuan University. PMID- 8586385 EA - A SO - Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao 1995 Sep;26(3):248-51 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [112 medline neighbors] UI - 96147935 AU - Jiang N AU - Dai B AU - Li S AU - Zhao H AU - Liu J AU - Song S AU - Yang Y AU - Zhang Y AU - Tu Y AU - Yang H AU - et al TI - [Homology of the recombinant DNA of plasmid pDJH2 with the recombinant DNA probe of L. alstoni and analysis of its expression in Escherichia coli] LA - Chi MH - Animal MH - Antigens, Bacterial/*biosynthesis/therapeutic use MH - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics MH - DNA, Bacterial/*genetics MH - DNA, Recombinant/*genetics MH - English Abstract MH - Escherichia coli/metabolism MH - Gene Library MH - Leptospira/*genetics MH - Leptospira interrogans/*genetics MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Nucleic Acid Hybridization MH - Plasmids MH - *Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Weil's Disease/prevention & control RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) RN - 0 (DNA, Recombinant) RN - 0 (Plasmids) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960325 DP - 1995 Sep IS - 0257-7712 TA - Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao PG - 241-7 CY - CHINA IP - 3 VI - 26 JC - GEB AA - Author EM - 9605 AB - Dig-labeled recombinant DNA probe of L. alstoni which contains the entire structural OmpL1 gene was hybridized with the recombinant DNA of the plasmid named pDJH2 of the gene library of L. interrogans serovar lai strain 017. The result showed a high degree of homology among them; expression of recombinant DNA of pDJH2 was achieved by beta-D- galactosidase (IPTG) induction in E. coli. The molecular weight of this product is 68kd. Then they were treated with proteinase K and subjected to SDS-PAGE. The results showed it is a protein in nature. Using the specific monoclonal antibody E4B7D5 on immunoblotting and specific polyclonal antibody on dot-ELISA assay, we investigated the immune reaction and noticed that protein 68kd might be an antigen in character. E. coli which contains the recombinant plasmid pDJH2 were injected into BALB/c mice. Then the mice were challenged by leptospires of the strong virulence strain 017, but all the infected mice survived. In this paper, we first report the expression of recombinant DNA of L. interrogans serovar lai strain 017 in E. coli when injected with IPTG, and immunoprotection of BALB/c mice which were injected with the expression against the infection of L. interrogans serovar lai strain 017. pDJH2 may be the first recombinant for which the gene has been cloned and its expression product 68kd may be the immunoprotective antigens. AD - Chengdu Institute of Biological Product, Ministry of Public Health. PMID- 8586384 EA - A SO - Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao 1995 Sep;26(3):241-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [173 medline neighbors] UI - 95385438 AU - Teglia OF AU - Battagliotti C AU - Villavicencio RL AU - Cunha BA TI - Leptospiral pneumonia. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Case Report MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Human MH - *Leptospira canicola MH - Leptospirosis/*diagnosis MH - Male MH - Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis/*microbiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 951005 DP - 1995 Sep IS - 0012-3692 TA - Chest PG - 874-5 SB - A SB - M SB - X CY - UNITED STATES IP - 3 VI - 108 JC - D1C AA - Author EM - 9512 AB - Leptospirosis is an uncommon zoonosis. As a systemic infectious disease, leptospirosis usually is characterized by multisystem involvement. Pulmonary involvement with leptospirosis often is manifested by respiratory symptoms, but pneumonia commonly is not a prominent clinical manifestation of the illness. We report a case of fulminant leptospiral pneumonia in which pulmonary manifestations were primary clinical features of the illness. AD - Epidemiology and Radiology Department, Sanatorio Parque, Rosario, Argentina. PMID- 7656649 SO - Chest 1995 Sep;108(3):874-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [8 protein links] [2 nucleotide links] [211 medline neighbors] UI - 96118697 AU - Boursaux-Eude C AU - Saint Girons I AU - Zuerner R TI - IS1500, an IS3-like element from Leptospira interrogans. LA - Eng MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Bacterial Proteins/genetics MH - Base Sequence MH - Comparative Study MH - *DNA Insertion Elements MH - DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics MH - Leptospira interrogans/*genetics MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Open Reading Frames MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid MH - Sequence Alignment RN - EC 2.7.7.- (transposase) RN - EC 2.7.7.- (DNA Nucleotidyltransferases) RN - 0 (Bacterial Proteins) RN - 0 (DNA Insertion Elements) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960116 DP - 1995 Sep IS - 1350-0872 TA - Microbiology PG - 2165-73 SB - M CY - ENGLAND VI - 141 ( Pt 9) JC - BXW AA - Author EM - 9603 AB - Copies of an insertion-sequence (IS)-like element were isolated from two closely related serovars of Leptospira interrogans sensu stricto. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 1236 bp element showed a characteristic IS structure with terminal imperfect inverted repeats (IRs) flanking a 1159 bp central region. This element was designated IS1500. Four open reading frames (orfA-orfD) were found in the central 'unique' region of IS1500. Similarities were detected between ORFA and ORFB and the putative transposases from members of the IS3 family of transposable elements. IS1500 or IS1500-like sequences were also detected in all other pathogenic leptospiral serovars, but not in the saprophytic species L. biflexa. Differences in IS1500 copy numbers in members of the same species suggest that this element can transpose. Physical mapping of IS1500 insertions in L. interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona showed insertions were only on the large chromosomal replicon. The location of some IS1500 insertions coincides with regions of the genome that have undergone large rearrangements. AD - Unite de Bacteriologie Moleculaire et Medicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. PMID- 7496528 SI - GENBANK/U13012 SI - GENBANK/U13013 SO - Microbiology 1995 Sep;141 ( Pt 9):2165-73 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [93 medline neighbors] UI - 95385651 AU - Skopp G AU - Aderjan R AU - Koster J TI - [Hair analysis in the diagnosis of toxic hepatitis after Ecstasy abuse] LA - Ger MH - Adolescence MH - Case Report MH - English Abstract MH - Enzyme Tests MH - Hair/*chemistry MH - Hepatitis, Toxic/diagnosis/*etiology MH - Human MH - Male MH - *N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/analysis MH - Substance Abuse/*diagnosis RN - 42542-10-9 (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950929 DP - 1995 Aug 25 IS - 0012-0472 TA - Dtsch Med Wochenschr PG - 1165-8 SB - M SB - X CY - GERMANY IP - 34-35 VI - 120 JC - ECL AA - Author EM - 9512 AB - HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A young man, aged 18 years, was admitted to hospital for suspected hepatitis, having developed increasing jaundice without any pain. His urine was light brown in colour and the stools often liquid and pale. Every 14 days for the last 4 months he had been taking 2 tablets of "ecstasy" (methylenedioxyamphetamine; MDMA). Physical examination was unremarkable and the patient was in good general condition. TESTS: The activities of GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase were raised (to 903, 744 and 270 U/l, respectively) as was the bilirubin concentration (16.8 mg/dl). Tests were negative for: leptospira and the viruses of mumps, HI, varicella zoster, picornavirus, cytomegaly, Coxsackie and hepatitis, A, B and C. Ultrasound revealed hepatomegaly, with a normal echo pattern. Hair analysis demonstrated, in two different hair segments (0-2 cm and 2-4 cm, respectively) both MDMA (6.4 and 4.3 micrograms/g hair) and its metabolite MDA (0.7 and 5.0 micrograms/g hair). TREATMENT AND COURSE: No specific treatment was required. After intake of the drug had been stopped the transferase activities and bilirubin concentration became essentially normal. CONCLUSION: Hair analysis can be valuable in confirming "ecstasy" abuse, especially when it is denied, and thus contribute to clarifying the cause of toxic hepatitis. AD - Institut fur Rechtsmedizin, Universitat Heidelberg. PMID- 7656850 TT - Haaranalyse zur Diagnose toxischer Hepatitiden nach Missbrauch von "Ecstacy". EA - A SO - Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1995 Aug 25;120(34-35):1165-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [134 medline neighbors] UI - 96048701 AU - Ciceroni L AU - D'Aniello P AU - Russo N AU - Picarella D AU - Nese D AU - Lauria F AU - Pinto A AU - Cacciapuoti B TI - Prevalence of leptospire infections in buffalo herds in Italy. LA - Eng MH - Agglutination Tests/veterinary MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis MH - Antigens, Bacterial/immunology MH - Blood/microbiology MH - Buffaloes/blood/*microbiology/urine MH - Female MH - Italy/epidemiology MH - Leptospira/classification/immunology/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/epidemiology/immunology/*veterinary MH - Male MH - Prevalence MH - Seroepidemiologic Methods MH - Serotyping/veterinary MH - Urine/microbiology RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960227 DP - 1995 Aug 19 IS - 0042-4900 TA - Vet Rec PG - 192-3 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 8 VI - 137 JC - XBS EM - 9605 AD - National Centre for Leptospiroses, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Regina Elena, Rome, Italy. PMID- 8560725 SO - Vet Rec 1995 Aug 19;137(8):192-3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [1 nucleotide link] [166 medline neighbors] UI - 96157446 AU - Oliveira MA AU - Caballero OL AU - Dias Neto E AU - Koury MC AU - Romanha AJ AU - Carvalho J AU - Hartskeerl RA AU - Simpson AJ TI - Use of nondenaturing silver-stained polyacrylamide gel analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplification products for the differential diagnosis of Leptospira interrogans infection. LA - Eng MH - Bacterial Typing Techniques MH - Base Sequence MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - DNA, Bacterial/*analysis MH - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel MH - Human MH - *Leptospira interrogans/classification/genetics MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - *Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Silver Staining MH - Weil's Disease/*diagnosis RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960320 DP - 1995 Aug IS - 0732-8893 TA - Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis PG - 343-8 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 4 VI - 22 JC - DMI AA - Author EM - 9605 AB - A 285-bp DNA fragment was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction from 38 Leptospira serovars of six different genomic species. The fragments amplified exhibited differential mobilities on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels resulting from sequence-dependent conformational alterations. Leptospira interrogans serovars could be distinguished from those of other species on this basis. AD - Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. PMID- 8582141 CU - 96 SI - GENBANK/S81410 SO - Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1995 Aug;22(4):343-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [135 medline neighbors] UI - 95392692 AU - De Serres G AU - Levesque B AU - Higgins R AU - Major M AU - Laliberte D AU - Boulianne N AU - Duval B TI - Need for vaccination of sewer workers against leptospirosis and hepatitis A [see comments] LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood MH - Female MH - Hepatitis A/*immunology/prevention & control MH - Hepatitis Antibodies/*blood MH - Hepatovirus/immunology MH - Human MH - Leptospira/immunology MH - Leptospira interrogans/immunology MH - Leptospirosis/*immunology/prevention & control MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Occupational Diseases/*immunology MH - *Sewage MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Vaccination RN - 0 (hepatitis A virus antibodies) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Hepatitis Antibodies) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 951010 DP - 1995 Aug IS - 1351-0711 TA - Occup Environ Med PG - 505-7 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 8 VI - 52 JC - BWC AA - Author EM - 9512 AB - OBJECTIVES--This study compared the prevalence of Leptospira interrogans and hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies in serum samples from sewer workers and controls. METHODS--A blood sample was obtained from 76 of the 101 municipal sewer workers (75%) of Quebec City and from two controls matched to each for age and sex. Testing was done for antibodies against serovars of Leptospira icterohaemorragiae, bratislava, hardjo, grippotyphosa, and kennewicki (pomona) and hepatitis A. RESULTS--Sewer workers had a greater prevalence of antibodies against leptospirosis than controls (12% v 2%, P = 0.003). In contrast, antibodies to HAV were not significantly more prevalent among workers than among controls (54% v 49%, P = 0.51). Prevalence of HAV antibodies increased significantly with age both among workers and controls (chi 2 for trend, P < 0.001). In contrast with younger workers, prevalence of HAV antibodies was greater among workers > or = 40 years than among their controls (81% v 65%, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION-- Leptospirosis continues to be a problem to sewer workers but hepatitis A is apparently no longer a risk. The likely explanation is that leptospira are still abundant in the sewage system in contrast with HAV, which is only rarely to be found in sewage as a result of the generalised decrease in incidence of hepatitis A in the past three decades. The decision to vaccinate sewer workers against hepatitis A should take into account that it is impossible to avoid all contact with sewage fluid and, despite the fact that the actual incidence of hepatitis A is low, there is a real possibility of sporadic exposure during a future outbreak. AD - Centre de sante publique de Quebec, Canada. CM - Comment in: Occup Environ Med 1996 Jan;53(1):71 RO - M:LC2 PMID- 7663634 LR - 960507 SO - Occup Environ Med 1995 Aug;52(8):505-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [204 medline neighbors] UI - 95363887 AU - Silva MV AU - Camargo ED AU - Batista L AU - Vaz AJ AU - Brandao AP AU - Nakamura PM AU - Negrao JM TI - Behaviour of specific IgM, IgG and IgA class antibodies in human leptospirosis during the acute phase of the disease and during convalescence. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Child MH - Comparative Study MH - Convalescence MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Human MH - IgA/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - IgG/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - IgM/*immunology/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/*immunology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (IgA) RN - 0 (IgG) RN - 0 (IgM) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950914 DP - 1995 Aug IS - 0022-5304 TA - J Trop Med Hyg PG - 268-72 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 4 VI - 98 JC - KAV AA - Author EM - 9511 AB - The behaviour of specific IgM, IgG and IgA class antibodies in human leptospirosis was studied by ELISA. Two groups of patients were followed up, 57 of them in the acute phase and 10 during convalescence, the latter with a mean follow-up of 10.5 months. IgM class antibodies were detected starting on the 2nd day of symptoms and were observed in 100% of patients up to the 5th month, in 66.7% up to the 7th month and in 50% up to the 12th month after the onset of symptoms. IgG class antibodies were first detected on the 7th day of symptoms in 9.1% of patients, with maximum reactivity (87.5%) between the 2nd and 3rd month, and were not detected at all in one patient. IgA class antibodies were detected starting on the 5th day of symptoms in 7.7% of patients, and in all patients on the 15th day, persisting in 100% of cases up to the 9th follow-up month. During the 12th month, they were observed in 83.3% of patients. The results indicate that an anti IgA ELISA could be of great value in seroprevalence studies on human leptospirosis. AD - Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil. PMID- 7636924 SO - J Trop Med Hyg 1995 Aug;98(4):268-72 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [203 medline neighbors] UI - 95356205 AU - Brown PD AU - Gravekamp C AU - Carrington DG AU - van de Kemp H AU - Hartskeerl RA AU - Edwards CN AU - Everard CO AU - Terpstra WJ AU - Levett PN TI - Evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction for early diagnosis of leptospirosis. LA - Eng MH - Acute Disease MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Comparative Study MH - DNA, Bacterial/*analysis/blood/urine MH - Evaluation Studies MH - Human MH - Leptospira/*genetics/immunology/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/*diagnosis MH - *Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Time Factors RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950905 DP - 1995 Aug IS - 0022-2615 TA - J Med Microbiol PG - 110-4 SB - M CY - SCOTLAND IP - 2 VI - 43 JC - J2N AA - Author EM - 9511 AB - Early diagnosis of leptospirosis is important because severe leptospiral infection can run a fulminant course. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was evaluated for the detection of leptospires in clinical samples from patients with acute leptospiral infection. Blood and urine samples from 71 patients with leptospirosis were examined by PCR, culture or serology. Samples from 44 (62%) patients with the diagnosis of leptospirosis were positive by PCR as compared to 34 (48%) by culture. The presence of leptospires was demonstrated by PCR in 13 patients before the development of antibodies, as well as in two patients who were seronegative during their illness and at autopsy. Samples from 16 patients without leptospirosis were seronegative and culture negative, and also negative by PCR. We conclude that PCR is a rapid, sensitive and specific means of diagnosing leptospiral infection, especially during the first few days of the disease. AD - University of the West Indies, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Barbados. PMID- 7629850 SO - J Med Microbiol 1995 Aug;43(2):110-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [148 medline neighbors] UI - 95347839 AU - Shang ES AU - Exner MM AU - Summers TA AU - Martinich C AU - Champion CI AU - Hancock RE AU - Haake DA TI - The rare outer membrane protein, OmpL1, of pathogenic Leptospira species is a heat-modifiable porin. LA - Eng MH - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/*physiology MH - Base Sequence MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - DNA Primers/chemistry MH - Electric Conductivity MH - *Genes, Structural, Bacterial MH - Heat MH - Leptospira/*genetics MH - Lipid Bilayers MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Molecular Weight MH - Porins/*genetics MH - Recombinant Proteins MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 0 (ompL1 protein) RN - 0 (Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins) RN - 0 (DNA Primers) RN - 0 (Lipid Bilayers) RN - 0 (Porins) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE ID - 2-T32-AI07323-06/AI/NIAID DA - 950825 DP - 1995 Aug IS - 0019-9567 TA - Infect Immun PG - 3174-81 SB - M SB - X CY - UNITED STATES IP - 8 VI - 63 JC - GO7 AA - Author EM - 9511 AB - The outer membranes of invasive spirochetes contain unusually small amounts of transmembrane proteins. Pathogenic Leptospira species produce a rare 31-kDa surface protein, OmpL1, which has a deduced amino acid sequence predictive of multiple transmembrane beta-strands. Studies were conducted to characterize the structure and function of this protein. Alkali, high-salt, and urea fractionation of leptospiral membranes demonstrated that OmpL1 is an integral membrane protein. The electrophoretic mobility of monomeric OmpL1 was modifiable by heat and reduction; complete denaturation of OmpL1 required prolonged boiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 8 M urea, and 2-mercaptoethanol. When solubilized in SDS at low temperature, a small proportion of OmpL1 exhibited an apparent molecular mass of approximately 90 kDa, indicating the existence of an SDS-unstable oligomer. OmpL1 dimers and trimers were demonstrated by nearest neighbor chemical cross-linking. In order to generate purified protein for functional studies, the ompL1 gene was ligated into the pMMB66 expression plasmid under control of the tac promoter. Although expression in Escherichia coli was toxic, most of the OmpL1 produced was found in the outer membrane, as determined by subcellular fractionation. Purified recombinant OmpL1 was reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers, demonstrating an average single channel conductance of 1.1 nS, similar to the major porin activity of native leptospiral membranes. These findings indicate that OmpL1 spans the leptospiral outer membrane and functions as a porin. AD - Department of Microbiology & Immunology, UCLA School of Medicine 90024, USA. PMID- 7622245 GS - ompL1 SO - Infect Immun 1995 Aug;63(8):3174-81 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [192 medline neighbors] UI - 96041481 AU - Zhuo JT AU - Wang SS AU - Lan WL TI - [A discussion on setting up target age group for immunization against leptospirosis] LA - Chi MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - *Bacterial Vaccines MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - China/epidemiology MH - Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Human MH - Infant MH - Leptospira/*immunology MH - Leptospirosis/epidemiology/*prevention & control MH - Male MH - *Vaccination RN - 0 (Bacterial Vaccines) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 951130 DP - 1995 Aug IS - 0254-6450 TA - Chung Hua Liu Hsing Ping Hsueh Tsa Chih PG - 228-30 CY - CHINA IP - 4 VI - 16 JC - CQG AA - Author EM - 9602 AB - This paper presented the lesson of setting up a false immunization priority age group for leptospirosis which failed to prevent the leptospirosis outbreak. Our experience was that in the rice paddy field type endemic area the priority age group for the vaccination against leptopirosis should be 15 to 34 year olds followed by 35 years old or above. There was no preventive effect in the vaccination for the children 14 years old or yaunger, to our observation. AD - Guang-xi Autonomous Regional Hygiene and Epidemic Prevention Station, Nanning. PMID- 7585904 EA - A SO - Chung Hua Liu Hsing Ping Hsueh Tsa Chih 1995 Aug;16(4):228-30 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [201 medline neighbors] UI - 95347813 AU - Dobrina A AU - Nardon E AU - Vecile E AU - Cinco M AU - Patriarca P TI - Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae and leptospire peptidolgycans induce endothelial cell adhesiveness for polymorphonuclear leukocytes. LA - Eng MH - Antigens, CD18/physiology MH - Cell Adhesion MH - Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism/physiology MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Cycloheximide/pharmacology MH - Dactinomycin/pharmacology MH - Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology MH - Human MH - In Vitro MH - Leptospira/*immunology MH - Neutrophils/*immunology MH - Peptidoglycan/*immunology MH - Polymyxin B/pharmacology MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Antigens, CD18) RN - 0 (Cell Adhesion Molecules) RN - 0 (E-Selectin) RN - 0 (Peptidoglycan) RN - 1404-26-8 (Polymyxin B) RN - 50-76-0 (Dactinomycin) RN - 66-81-9 (Cycloheximide) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950825 DP - 1995 Aug IS - 0019-9567 TA - Infect Immun PG - 2995-9 SB - M SB - X CY - UNITED STATES IP - 8 VI - 63 JC - GO7 AA - Author EM - 9511 AB - We have examined the effect of the virulent Leptospira interrogans strain Teramo, serotype icterohemorrhagiae, on the adherence of human neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HEC). Selective pretreatment of HEC with intact or sonicated leptospires caused a dose- and time-dependent increase of HEC-PMN adhesion (13.2% +/- 2.5% adherence to untreated HEC versus 46.3% +/- 5.6% adherence to HEC pretreated for 4 h with 10(8) intact leptospires per ml [mean +/- standard error of six experiments; P < 0.001]). In contrast, selective leptospire pretreatment of PMN or the addition of leptospires during the adherence assay did not alter HEC-PMN adherence. Leptospire induction of endothelial-cell adhesiveness occurred without detectable HEC damage and was prevented by RNA and protein synthesis inhibitors and by monoclonal antibodies to the CD11/CD18 adhesion complex of neutrophils and to the endothelial- leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) of endothelial cells. Similar results were obtained with pretreatment of HEC with interleukin-1 or with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. The possibility that contamination by the LPS of gram- negative bacteria could be involved in the induction of HEC adhesiveness was ruled out by the observation that the LPS inhibitor polymyxin B, which abolished the proadhesive effect of E. coli LPS, was ineffective in inhibiting leptospire- as well as interleukin-1-induced adherence. Similarly, leptospire LPSs seemed to have no role in the increase of endothelial-cell adhesiveness, since pretreatment of HEC with a leptospire LPS extract (phenol-water method) or with a leptospire total lipid extract failed to induce the proadhesive phenotype for neutrophils. Instead, peptidoglycans extracted from our leptospires actively stimulated the endothelial proadhesive activity for neutrophils (16.5% +/- 2.1% adherence to untreated HEC versus 51.2% +/- 2.9% adherence to HEC pretreated for 4 h with 1 microgram of peptidoglycan per ml; [mean +/- standard error of four experiments; P < 0.001]). This peptidoglycan-induced activity was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to the CD11/CD18 adhesion complex and to ELAM-1 but not by polymyxin B. We conclude that peptidoglycans from pathogenic leptospires are among the molecules that can directly activate vascular endothelial cells to increase their adhesiveness for neutrophilic granulocytes. These observations may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms whereby non-gram-negative bacteria modulate the local and systemic inflammatory reaction. AD - Institute of General Pathology, University of Trieste, Italy. PMID- 7542637 CU - 95 SO - Infect Immun 1995 Aug;63(8):2995-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [126 medline neighbors] UI - 95357256 AU - Edwards M TI - Preventable damage. LA - Eng MH - Great Britain/epidemiology MH - Human MH - *Leptospirosis/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy/transmission PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950907 DP - 1995 Jul 19-25 IS - 0029-6589 TA - Nurs Times PG - 61-2 SB - N CY - ENGLAND IP - 29 VI - 91 JC - O9U EM - 9511 PMID- 7630823 LI - N SO - Nurs Times 1995 Jul 19-25;91(29):61-2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [1 protein link] [1 nucleotide link] [151 medline neighbors] UI - 95354946 AU - Trueba GA AU - Bolin CA AU - Zuerner RL TI - Cloning of the pfaP gene of Leptospira borgpetersenii. LA - Eng MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Antibodies, Monoclonal MH - Bacterial Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics MH - Base Sequence MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - Comparative Study MH - DNA Primers MH - DNA, Bacterial/genetics MH - Escherichia coli/genetics MH - Gene Library MH - *Genes, Bacterial MH - Haemophilus influenzae/genetics MH - Leptospira/*genetics/metabolism MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Open Reading Frames MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis MH - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid RN - 0 (pfaP protein) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal) RN - 0 (Bacterial Proteins) RN - 0 (DNA Primers) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950907 DP - 1995 Jul 4 IS - 0378-1119 TA - Gene PG - 133-4 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 1 VI - 160 JC - FOP AA - Author EM - 9511 AB - A lambda gt11 library constructed with Leptospira borgpetersenii DNA was screened with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) recognizing a periplasmic flagella-associated protein. A plaque expressing a fusion protein (lambda F15) which reacted with the mAb was isolated and the nucleotide sequence analyzed. The deduced amino-acid (aa) sequence indicates that the pfaP gene belongs to a group of bacterial genes whose products share aa sequence and possibly functional homologies with sppA, an Escherichia coli signal peptidase-encoding gene. AD - Leptospirosis/Mycobacteriosis Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA. PMID- 7628708 GS - pfaP GS - sohB GS - sppA SI - GENBANK/L27482 SO - Gene 1995 Jul 4;160(1):133-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] UI - 96010546 AU - Agaev IA TI - [The anthropogenic transformation of natural foci of leptospirosis] LA - Rus MH - *Agriculture MH - Animal MH - Animals, Wild MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - *Disease Reservoirs MH - Disease Vectors MH - English Abstract MH - Human MH - Leptospira/immunology MH - Leptospirosis/immunology/*transmission/veterinary MH - Transcaucasia MH - Trees RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 971125 DP - 1995 Jul-Aug IS - 0372-9311 TA - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol PG - 64-7 SB - M CY - RUSSIA IP - 4 JC - Y9O AA - Author EM - 9801 AB - The problems connected with epizootic consequences of the anthropogenic transformation of the landscape with respect to leptospirosis are discussed. The conclusion on changes produced by hydromelioration in the terrain, specific and etiological features of natural foci is made. Irrigation farming facilitates the formation and spread of natural foci, while drainage of a humid territory leads to the localization and suppression of such foci. PMID- 9381876 TT - Antropogennaia transformatsiia prirodnykh ochagov leptospiroza. EA - A SO - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1995 Jul-Aug;(4):64-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [108 medline neighbors] UI - 97003006 AU - Zamora J AU - Riedemann S AU - Cabezas X AU - Vega S TI - [Comparison of 4 microscopy techniques for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in wild rodents in a rural area of Valdivia, Chile] LA - Spa MH - Animal MH - Animals, Wild/microbiology MH - Chile/epidemiology MH - Comparative Study MH - *Disease Reservoirs MH - English Abstract MH - Evaluation Studies MH - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect MH - Hesperomyinae/microbiology MH - Immunoenzyme Techniques MH - Kidney/microbiology MH - Leptospira/immunology/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure MH - Leptospirosis/diagnosis/epidemiology/*veterinary MH - Mice/microbiology MH - Microscopy/*methods MH - Microscopy, Fluorescence MH - Muridae/*microbiology MH - Rats/microbiology MH - Rodent Diseases/*diagnosis/epidemiology/microbiology MH - Rural Health MH - Silver Staining MH - Species Specificity MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961210 DP - 1995 Jul-Sep IS - 0187-4640 TA - Rev Latinoam Microbiol PG - 267-72 CY - MEXICO IP - 3 VI - 37 JC - SEP AA - Author EM - 9702 AB - Kidneys of six different species of 93 wild rodents captured in the rural area of Valdivia (Chile) were simultaneously examined for leptospira infection by means of Levaditi silver stain, dark ground microscopy in wet smears, and immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques using pooled antiserum against hardjo and pomona serovars. Leptospira was shown to be present in 40 (43.0%) rodents. They were detected in five of the six species: Akodon olivaceus, Akodon longipilis, Rattus rattus, Oryzomis longicaudatus and Mus musculus. Levaditi's technique detected the highest number of positive samples (67.5%) and the dark field microscopy the lowest (32.5%). The detection of leptospira in the kidneys of these wild rodents suggests that their urine may play an important role in the dissemination of leptospirosis in this area of Valdivia. AD - Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia. PMID- 8850345 TT - Comparacion de cuatro tecnicas microscopicas para el diagnostico de leptospirosis en roedores silvestres en el area rural de Valdivia, Chile. EA - A SO - Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1995 Jul-Sep;37(3):267-72 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [79 medline neighbors] UI - 96287937 AU - Muthusethupathi MA AU - Shivakumar S AU - Suguna R AU - Jayakumar M AU - Vijayakumar R AU - Everard CO AU - Carrington DG TI - Leptospirosis in Madras--a clinical and serological study. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Conjunctival Diseases/physiopathology MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Fever/physiopathology MH - Hemodialysis MH - Human MH - IgG/blood MH - IgM/blood MH - India/epidemiology MH - Jaundice/physiopathology MH - Kidney Failure, Acute/physiopathology/therapy MH - Leptospira/classification/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/immunology/physiopathology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Muscular Diseases/physiopathology MH - Peritoneal Dialysis MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (IgG) RN - 0 (IgM) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961003 DP - 1995 Jul IS - 0004-5772 TA - J Assoc Physicians India PG - 456-8 CY - INDIA IP - 7 VI - 43 JC - HG7 AA - Author EM - 9612 AB - Leptospirosis was confirmed by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) and/or ELISA in 57 patients admitted to the Government General Hospital, Madras, India, during November and December of 1990 and 1991 with symptomatology suggestive of the disease. Fifty (88%) of the 57 cases were males; the mean age of all the cases was 39.6 years (range 17-72). The main clinical features were: fever 100% jaundice 84%, Myalgia 82%, acute renal failure 72% and conjunctival suffusion 58%. Non-azotemic jaundice occurred in 19% of cases. Renal failure was non- oliguric in 24% of cases. 3.5% of patients died. 23 patients underwent peritoneal and/or hemodialysis. ELISA IgM titres ranged from 1:80 to 1:10240 (geometric mean tire 911). MAT titres > or = 1:1600 and > or = 1:800 occurred in 39 of 54 and 51 of 54 cases respectively. Autumnalis was the serogroup most commonly recorded serologically, and Leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis was isolated from one patient. This study shows that leptospirosis is a significant health problem in Madras, though normally grossly underestimated due to the absence of routine laboratory diagnostic facilities for the disease. Gross under- reporting is also likely in other high rainfall third world areas. AD - Dept of Nephrology, Madras Medical College, India. PMID- 8713215 SO - J Assoc Physicians India 1995 Jul;43(7):456-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [202 medline neighbors] UI - 96205206 AU - Trnjak Z AU - Dokic M AU - Marinkovic V AU - Lako B AU - Begovic V AU - Milosevic N AU - Milanovic M AU - Kupresanin S TI - [A severe form of leptospirosis] LA - Scr MH - Case Report MH - Human MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Weil's Disease/*diagnosis PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960625 DP - 1995 Jul-Aug IS - 0042-8450 TA - Vojnosanit Pregl PG - 411-5 CY - YUGOSLAVIA IP - 4 VI - 52 JC - XHM EM - 9608 AD - Vojnomedicinska akademija, Institut za mikrobiologiju ZPM, Beograd. PMID- 8629379 TT - Teska forma leptospiroze. SO - Vojnosanit Pregl 1995 Jul-Aug;52(4):411-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [187 medline neighbors] UI - 96131135 AU - Feresu SB AU - Bolin CA AU - Korver H AU - Van de Kemp H TI - Identification of leptospires of the Pomona and Grippotyphosa serogroups isolated from cattle in Zimbabwe. LA - Eng MH - Agglutination Tests/veterinary MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Monoclonal MH - Cattle MH - Cattle Diseases/*microbiology MH - Kidney/microbiology MH - Leptospira/classification/*isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/microbiology/*veterinary MH - Male MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary MH - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length MH - Serotyping MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Zimbabwe RN - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE ID - 1 F05 TW 4154-01/TW/FIC DA - 960125 DP - 1995 Jul IS - 0034-5288 TA - Res Vet Sci PG - 92-4 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 1 VI - 59 JC - R7D AA - Author EM - 9603 AB - Two strains of the genus Leptospira, isolated from kidneys of oxen slaughtered in Zimbabwe, one belonging to serogroup Pomona (strain SBF 8) and the other to serogroup Grippotyphosa (strain SBF 32), were identified by using cross-agglutinin absorption, monoclonal antibody, restriction fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction analyses. The identification of the two strains was equivocal. Strain SBF 8 showed a close similarity to both serovars mozdok and proechimys by cross-agglutinin absorption tests and to serovar pomona by monoclonal antibody analysis, but had a distinct DNA restriction pattern. Strain SBF 32 showed a close antigenic similarity to serovars ratnapura, grippotyphosa and valbuzzi by the cross-agglutinin absorption test, and to serovar ratnapura by monoclonal antibody analysis but also had a distinct DNA restriction pattern. Both strains SBF 8 and SBF 32 reacted as members of species Leptospira kirschneri by the polymerase chain reaction. It is concluded that strains SBF 8 and SBF 32 represent new genetic strains in the Pomona and Grippotyphosa groups, respectively. AD - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare. PMID- 8525094 SO - Res Vet Sci 1995 Jul;59(1):92-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [203 medline neighbors] UI - 95318544 AU - Merien F AU - Baranton G AU - Perolat P TI - Comparison of polymerase chain reaction with microagglutination test and culture for diagnosis of leptospirosis. LA - Eng MH - Agglutination Tests/*methods MH - Bacteriological Techniques MH - Base Sequence MH - Comparative Study MH - DNA Primers MH - DNA, Bacterial/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/urine MH - Genes, Bacterial MH - Human MH - Leptospira/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/blood/*diagnosis/physiopathology MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (DNA Primers) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950801 DP - 1995 Jul IS - 0022-1899 TA - J Infect Dis PG - 281-5 SB - A SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 1 VI - 172 JC - IH3 AA - Author EM - 9510 AB - Polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) amplifying a fragment of the Leptospira rrs gene was compared with culture and microagglutination test (MAT) for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in a study of 200 patients with various clinical syndromes compatible with leptospirosis. For the first group of samples tested, PCR identified the 14 cases that later were unequivocally confirmed to be leptospirosis. Thirteen other systemic cases presenting decreasing leptospiral antibody titers were also detected by PCR. The average persistence of leptospiral DNA in serum was estimated at 12 days, with a maximum of 56 days in a culture- confirmed case. The possibility of detecting leptospires in aqueous humor during the ocular complications of the disease was confirmed. The results suggest that PCR is an efficient tool for early diagnosis of leptospirosis during the first 10 days of the disease, especially when the clinical expression of the disease is confusing. AD - Laboratoire des Leptospires, Institut Pasteur, Noumea, New Caledonia. PMID- 7797932 GS - rrs SO - J Infect Dis 1995 Jul;172(1):281-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [193 medline neighbors] UI - 95397028 AU - Suarez Hernandez M AU - Santisteban Mota R AU - Cabrera Cabrera J AU - del Risco Alard AU - Pelaez Martinez R TI - [A clinico-epidemiological study of leptospirosis in adults in the province of Ciego de Avila] LA - Spa MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - Cuba/epidemiology MH - English Abstract MH - Human MH - Incidence MH - Leptospira/classification MH - Leptospirosis/diagnosis/*epidemiology/microbiology MH - Seasons MH - Serotyping PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 951011 DP - 1995 Jul IS - 0014-2565 TA - Rev Clin Esp PG - 459-62 CY - SPAIN IP - 7 VI - 195 JC - RNL AA - Author EM - 9512 AB - A clinical epidemiological study of reported leptospirosis cases in adults in the period 1984-1988 in the province Ciego de Avila, Republic of Cuba, was conducted. The most frequent symptoms and signs were: fever, headache and arthralgia. Eighty-two percent of patient were anicteric. The most frequent presumptive diagnosis included leptospirosis, virosis, and febrile syndrome. Sporadic cases predominated over cluster cases. The incidence of cases was higher from October to December. Sixty-five percent of patients were 36 years old or less. The serogroups detected more frequently were Leptospira interrogans var. Australia and Leptospira interrogans var Pomona. The high range of diagnostic and presumptive approaches with cases show that most cases would go undetected if an active surveillance is not implemented. AD - Hospital Provincial Docente Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola, Ciego de Avilo, Cuba. PMID- 7667520 TT - Estudio clinico-epidemiologico de la leptospirosis en adultos, en la provincia de Ciego de Avila. EA - A SO - Rev Clin Esp 1995 Jul;195(7):459-62 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [146 medline neighbors] UI - 96082433 AU - Levesque B AU - De Serres G AU - Higgins R AU - D'Halewyn MA AU - Artsob H AU - Grondin J AU - Major M AU - Garvie M AU - Duval B TI - Seroepidemiologic study of three zoonoses (leptospirosis, Q fever, and tularemia) among trappers in Quebec, Canada. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Coxiella burnetii/immunology MH - Female MH - Francisella tularensis/immunology MH - Human MH - Leptospira interrogans/immunology MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/immunology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Occupational Diseases/*epidemiology/immunology MH - Q Fever/*epidemiology/immunology MH - Quebec/epidemiology MH - Tularemia/*epidemiology/immunology MH - *Zoonoses RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 951212 DP - 1995 Jul IS - 1071-412X TA - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol PG - 496-8 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 4 VI - 2 JC - CB7 AA - Author EM - 9602 AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against Francisella tularensis, Coxiella burnetii, and certain serovars of Leptospira interrogans among trappers in Quebec, Canada. Muskrat trapping was identified as a risk factor for F. tularensis infection, whereas having a cat at home apparently protected trappers against infection by L. interrogans. High percentages of control sera were positive for antibodies against C. burnetii (15%) and L. interrogans (5%), most frequently serovar bratislava. This is the first report of human infection by serovar bratislava in North America. AD - Centre de Sante publique de Quebec, Ste-Foy, Canada. PMID- 7583933 SO - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1995 Jul;2(4):496-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [201 medline neighbors] UI - 96065607 AU - Farr RW TI - Leptospirosis. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibiotics/therapeutic use MH - Human MH - Leptospira interrogans/physiology MH - Leptospirosis/diagnosis/drug therapy/*etiology/prevention & control MH - Zoonoses RN - 0 (Antibiotics) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, TUTORIAL DA - 951130 DP - 1995 Jul IS - 1058-4838 TA - Clin Infect Dis PG - 1-6; quiz 7-8 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 1 VI - 21 JC - A4J EM - 9602 AD - Department of Medicine, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center of West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506, USA. RF - 35 PMID- 7578715 SO - Clin Infect Dis 1995 Jul;21(1):1-6; quiz 7-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [181 medline neighbors] UI - 96014721 AU - Ciceroni L AU - Bartoloni A AU - Pinto A AU - Guglielmetti P AU - Barahona HG AU - Roselli M AU - Paradisi F TI - Prevalence of leptospiral infections in humans in Cordillera Province, Bolivia. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - Aged MH - Bolivia/epidemiology MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Female MH - Human MH - Infant MH - Leptospira/isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Prevalence MH - Serodiagnosis MH - Sex Distribution PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 951103 DP - 1995 Jul-Aug IS - 0035-9203 TA - Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg PG - 385-6 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 4 VI - 89 JC - WBU EM - 9601 AD - Department of Bacteriology and Medical Mycology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy. PMID- 7570871 SO - Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1995 Jul-Aug;89(4):385-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [200 medline neighbors] UI - 96047605 AU - Scanziani E AU - Crippa L AU - Giusti AM AU - Luini M AU - Pacciarini ML AU - Tagliabue S AU - Cavalletti E TI - Leptospira interrogans serovar sejroe infection in a group of laboratory dogs. LA - Eng MH - Agglutination Tests MH - Animal MH - Animals, Laboratory MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Blotting, Southern MH - Chronic Disease MH - Dog Diseases/*microbiology/pathology MH - Dogs MH - Female MH - Kidney/microbiology/pathology MH - Leptospira interrogans/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/immunology/microbiology/pathology/*veterinary MH - Male MH - Nephritis, Interstitial/microbiology/pathology/*veterinary MH - Serotyping RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 951114 DP - 1995 Jul IS - 0023-6772 TA - Lab Anim PG - 300-6 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 3 VI - 29 JC - KYQ AA - Author EM - 9601 AB - Interstitial nephritis was seen histologically in 19 (59%) out of 32 pure-breed beagle dogs (16 males and 16 females) subjected to standard safety tests. In these animals no clinical abnormalities were observed and all the tested parameters (haematology, biochemistry and urine analysis) were within the normal ranges. Leptospiral antibody titres ranging from 1 : 100 to 1 : 6400, against a serovar (hardjo) belonging to the Sejroe serogroup, were detected by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) in the serum of the 19 dogs with interstitial nephritis. All animals without renal lesions were seronegative. Leptospiral antigen was detected immunohistochemically in the kidneys of 4 dogs; leptospires were detected in Warthin-Starry stained sections of one dog. Leptospires were isolated from the kidneys of 3 of the 4 dogs examined by bacterial culture. The isolated strains were typed as serovar sejroe by restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern blot hybridization analysis of their DNA. It was concluded that Leptospira interrogans serovar sejroe, was responsible for an asymptomatic chronic renal infection which was widespread in this group of laboratory dogs. AD - Istituto di Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria e Patologia Aviare, Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, Milan, Italy. PMID- 7564215 SO - Lab Anim 1995 Jul;29(3):300-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [96 medline neighbors] UI - 96007053 AU - Sehgal SC AU - Murhekar MV AU - Sugunan AP TI - Outbreak of leptospirosis with pulmonary involvement in north Andaman. LA - Eng MH - *Disease Outbreaks MH - Human MH - India/epidemiology MH - Lung Diseases/*etiology MH - Weil's Disease/complications/*epidemiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 951024 DP - 1995 Jul IS - 0971-5916 TA - Indian J Med Res PG - 9-12 CY - INDIA VI - 102 JC - GJF AA - Author EM - 9601 AB - An outbreak of acute febrile illness with haemorrhagic manifestations and pulmonary involvement occurred in Diglipur of North Andaman during October-November 1993. Investigations were carried out to see whether leptospires were responsible for this outbreak. Serum samples were collected from suspected cases and tested for presence of antibodies to leptospires by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using a battery of 19 antigens representing 16 serogroups. 66.7 per cent of the specimens showed significant titres of antibodies against leptospires, 18 of 23 paired sera (78.3%) showed sero-conversion or four-fold rise in antibody titres. The commonest serovar involved was Leptospira grippotyphosa followed by L. canicola and L. JEZ bratislava. In 7 patients L. grippotyphosa was the sole serovar against which antibodies were detected. Clinical and epidemiological observations of this outbreak were similar with that of earlier seasonal outbreaks of acute febrile illness with haemorrhagic manifestations occurring in the same area, indicating that the past outbreaks may also have been due to leptospires. This is the first report of pulmonary leptospirosis from India. AD - Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Port Blair, Andaman Island. PMID- 7558211 SO - Indian J Med Res 1995 Jul;102:9-12 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [181 medline neighbors] UI - 96083192 AU - da Silva JJ AU - Netto BA AU - Lilembaum W AU - Alvim ME AU - de Oliveira AV TI - The hemorrhagic syndrome of leptospirosis: an experimental study in guinea pigs. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Guinea Pigs MH - Hemorrhage/*microbiology MH - *Leptospirosis MH - Syndrome PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 951212 DP - 1995 Jul-Sep IS - 0037-8682 TA - Rev Soc Bras Med Trop PG - 169-77 CY - BRAZIL IP - 3 VI - 28 JC - RET AA - Author EM - 9602 AB - The hemorrhagic syndrome of leptospirosis was studied in guinea pigs. The study correlates hematological, histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations in sixty animals inoculated by the intraperitoneal route with 1ml of the culture of virulent strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. Leptospirae antigens were detected by immunoperoxidase, chiefly in liver, kidney and heart muscle capillaries. Possible pathogenic mechanisms responsible for hemorrhagic syndrome are discussed with emphasis on toxic and anoxic attacks causing damage to endothelia, platelet depletion and alterations to hemostasia rates: prothrombin time [PT], partial thromboplastin time [PTT] and fibrinogen concentrations. The clinical-laboratory picture is compatible with the histopathological observation of disseminated intravascular coagulation [DIC] in most of the guinea pigs from day 4 of infection. AD - Laboratorio de Pesquisa em Anatomia Patologica, Hospital Evandro Chagas do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz da Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. PMID- 7480909 SO - Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1995 Jul-Sep;28(3):169-77 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [200 medline neighbors] UI - 95383123 TI - Veterinary public health. Leptospirosis. LA - Eng LA - Fre MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Albania/epidemiology MH - Animal MH - Cattle MH - Disease Reservoirs MH - Female MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/prevention & control MH - Male MH - Rats MH - *Rural Health MH - Water Microbiology PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 951003 DP - 1995 Jun 16 IS - 0049-8114 TA - Wkly Epidemiol Rec PG - 173-5 CY - SWITZERLAND IP - 24 VI - 70 JC - AVX EM - 9512 PMID- 7654524 NI - A SO - Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1995 Jun 16;70(24):173-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [199 medline neighbors] UI - 96022509 AU - Everard CO AU - Edwards CN AU - Everard JD AU - Carrington DG TI - A twelve-year study of leptospirosis on Barbados. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Barbados/epidemiology MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Female MH - Human MH - Infant MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/mortality MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Sex Distribution MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960111 DP - 1995 Jun IS - 0392-2990 TA - Eur J Epidemiol PG - 311-20 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 3 VI - 11 JC - ERE AA - Author EM - 9603 AB - Between November 1979 and December 1991, 398 cases of severe leptospirosis were confirmed on Barbados (range for 1980-1991 23-56; mean 32.7; incidence 13.3/100,000/year). For the six-year periods 1980- 1985 and 1986-1991 there was no significant change in incidence with time. Incidence is unlikely to change significantly in the next decade. Monthly average case numbers ranged from 1.4 (July) to 4.3 (November). The average (2.8) for June to December (the 7 wetter months) was not significantly higher than that (2.5) for January to May (the 5 drier months). The age range was 7-86. There were three times as many male cases (302) as female (96), and nearly 10 times as many in those < 35. Although the highest number of cases (69) was in males aged 15-24, the highest incidence was in the older age groups, particularly the male 65- 74 year-olds, and the female 55-64 year-olds. Leptospirosis was the proven cause of death in 55 (13.8%) hospital patients (annual range 0- 13, mean 4.5). Some of a further 39 fatalities might have been cases. Death from leptospirosis was nearly twice as common among the women as among the men. Only one patient under 20 years of age died. Leptospira were isolated and identified from 117 (29.4%) of the 398 sick patients. The infecting organisms were bim (serogroup Autumnalis--75), copenhageni (Icterohaemorrhagiae-26), arborea (Ballum-14) and bajan (Australis-2). These infecting serovars could not be distinguished clinically, but infection was milder in children than in adults. Despite its predominance in surveyed children, serogroup Panama was virtually absent in this study. Rainfall is the major factor affecting the distribution of cases; not surprisingly, sanitation workers and agricultural workers appear to be the groups at highest risk. The general lack of clear-cut risk factors reflects the ubiquity of leptospires in the environment and the fact that the disease is not entirely occupational. AD - Leptospira Laboratory, St. Michael, Barbados. PMID- 7493664 SO - Eur J Epidemiol 1995 Jun;11(3):311-20 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [205 medline neighbors] UI - 96137338 AU - Gavaldon DG AU - Cisneros MA AU - Rojas N AU - Moles-Cervantes LP TI - [Significance of human leptospirosis in Mexico. Detection of Leptospira antibodies in a blood donor population] LA - Spa MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood MH - *Blood Donors MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Human MH - Leptospira/*immunology MH - Leptospirosis/blood/*epidemiology MH - Male MH - Mexico MH - Middle Age MH - Seroepidemiologic Methods MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960320 DP - 1995 May-Jun IS - 0016-3813 TA - Gac Med Mex PG - 289-92 CY - MEXICO IP - 3 VI - 131 JC - FFF AA - Author EM - 9605 AB - The presence of specific serum antibodies has been used as a diagnostic test for human leptospirosis. The presence of these antibodies in humans is indicative of an active natural infection. Its detection after exposure denotes the presence of immunity. Serum samples from 206 adult blood donors were analyzed with a microscopic agglutination assay against 7 serovars of Leptospira interrogans. A total of 7% were positive with the following serovar distribution; shermani 53%, canicola 33%, pyrogens 20%, pomona 13% and icterohaemorrhagiae 6%. The highest frequency of seropositivity was found in the 20 year to 39 age group. These results in asymptomatic individuals show that leptospirosis is a frequent zoonosis in Mexico. AD - Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Departamentos de Atencion a la Salud y Produccion Agricola y Animal, Coyoacan, Mexico D.F. PMID- 8582567 TT - La importancia de la leptospirosis humana en Mexico. Deteccion de anticuerpos antileptospira en una poblacion de donadores de sangre. EA - A SO - Gac Med Mex 1995 May-Jun;131(3):289-92 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [206 medline neighbors] UI - 95271636 AU - Gerritsen MA AU - Smits MA AU - Olyhoek T TI - Random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting for rapid identification of leptospiras of serogroup Sejroe. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Base Sequence MH - Cattle MH - DNA Fingerprinting MH - DNA Primers/chemistry MH - DNA, Bacterial/*analysis/chemistry MH - Leptospira/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - *Polymorphism (Genetics) MH - Sheep MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (DNA Primers) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950622 DP - 1995 May IS - 0022-2615 TA - J Med Microbiol PG - 336-9 SB - M CY - SCOTLAND IP - 5 VI - 42 JC - J2N AA - Author EM - 9508 AB - Eight leptospiral and three non-leptospiral primers were examined in the development of a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting method for identification of leptospiral serovars within the serogroup Sejroe. The strains examined comprised 19 reference strains of serogroup Sejroe, five field strains and 17 Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjobovis strains. Unique DNA banding patterns were obtained for each of the 17 reference strains with L. hardjo type hardjobovis-derived primers, and all clinical isolates were identified as L. hardjo type hardjobovis. Although the profiles were specific for each serovar, most serovars within serogroup Sejroe clustered into previously recognised genetic groups. RAPD fingerprinting is a simple, rapid method suitable for the identification of some Leptospira serovars. AD - Department of Bacteriology, Central Veterinary Institute, Lelystad, The Netherlands. PMID- 7752212 SO - J Med Microbiol 1995 May;42(5):336-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [2 protein links] [1 nucleotide link] [170 medline neighbors] UI - 95270622 AU - Afseth G AU - Mo YY AU - Mallavia LP TI - Characterization of the 23S and 5S rRNA genes of Coxiella burnetii and identification of an intervening sequence within the 23S rRNA gene. LA - Eng MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Base Sequence MH - Coxiella burnetii/*genetics MH - DNA, Ribosomal/genetics MH - Genes, Bacterial/*genetics MH - Introns/*genetics MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/*genetics MH - RNA, Ribosomal, 5S/*genetics MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal) RN - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 23S) RN - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 5S) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE ID - AI20190/AI/NIAID DA - 950620 DP - 1995 May IS - 0021-9193 TA - J Bacteriol PG - 2946-9 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 10 VI - 177 JC - HH3 AA - Author EM - 9508 AB - Characterization of the rRNA operon from the obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii has determined the order of the rRNA genes to be 16S-23S-5S. A 444-bp intervening sequence (IVS) was identified to interrupt the 23S rRNA gene beginning at position 1176. The IVS is predicted to form a stem-loop structure formed by flanking inverted repeats, and the absence of intact 23S rRNA molecules suggests that the loop is removed. An open reading frame in the IVS has been identified that shows 70% similarity at the amino acid level to IVS open reading frames characterized from four species of Leptospira. AD - Department of Microbiology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164- 4233, USA. PMID- 7751314 SI - GENBANK/X79704 SO - J Bacteriol 1995 May;177(10):2946-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [148 medline neighbors] UI - 95400903 AU - Younes-Ibrahim M AU - Burth P AU - Faria MV AU - Buffin-Meyer B AU - Marsy S AU - Barlet-Bas C AU - Cheval L AU - Doucet A TI - Inhibition of Na,K-ATPase by an endotoxin extracted from Leptospira interrogans: a possible mechanism for the physiopathology of leptospirosis. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Endotoxins/administration & dosage/*pharmacology MH - Epithelium/enzymology MH - Kidney/cytology MH - Kidney Medulla/enzymology MH - *Leptospira interrogans MH - Leptospirosis/*physiopathology MH - Na(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase/*antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacokinetics MH - Rabbits MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - EC 3.6.1.37 (Na(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase) RN - 0 (Endotoxins) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 951017 DP - 1995 May IS - 0764-4469 TA - C R Acad Sci III PG - 619-25 SB - M CY - FRANCE IP - 5 VI - 318 JC - CA1 AA - Author EM - 9512 AB - Clinical manifestations of leptospirosis include disorders of the electrolytical balance which might be related to inhibition of Na,K- ATPase. Although the physiopathological cellular mechanism of leptospirosis remains unknown, a bacterial endotoxin has been incriminated. Therefore, we evaluated whether a glycolipoprotein fraction extracted from Leptospira interrogans and known to be cytotoxic might inhibit Na,K-ATPase. This glycolipoprotein fraction (GLP) inhibited Na,K-ATPase activity in rabbit kidney epithelial cells as well as Na,K-ATPase purified from rabbit kidney medulla. Inhibition was dose-dependent, and at maximum it almost abolished Na,K-ATPase activity whereas it had no effect on other enzymes. The GLP did not change the apparent affinity of Na,K-ATPase for potassium whereas it increased that for sodium, revealing a mechanism of inhibition different from that of ouabain. Finally, the inhibitory principle present in the GLP preparation was thermostable and was curtailed by the presence of albumin. In conclusion, a glycolipoproteic fraction extracted from Leptospira interrogans contains a specific inhibitor of Na,K-ATPase. This glycolipoproteic fraction which is present in diseased tissues might induce, through this inhibitor, cellular dysfunctions responsible for the symptoms, in particular those associated with electrolytical disorders such as disturbances of renal electrolyte handling, cardiac arrhythmia or diarrhoea. AD - Laboratoire de physiologie cellulaire, College de France, Paris. PMID- 7671008 SO - C R Acad Sci III 1995 May;318(5):619-25 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [200 medline neighbors] UI - 95345334 AU - Watt G AU - Warrell DA TI - Leptospirosis and the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction [letter; comment] LA - Eng MH - Antibiotics/*therapeutic use MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*drug therapy/immunology RN - 0 (Antibiotics) PT - COMMENT PT - LETTER DA - 950831 DP - 1995 May IS - 1058-4838 TA - Clin Infect Dis PG - 1437-8 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 5 VI - 20 JC - A4J EM - 9511 CM - Comment on: Clin Infect Dis 1994 Jun;18(6):1004-6 RO - M:LC2 PMID- 7620046 LR - 951016 SO - Clin Infect Dis 1995 May;20(5):1437-8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [50 medline neighbors] UI - 95249954 AU - Inada R AU - Ido Y AU - Kaneko R AU - Hoki R AU - Ito H AU - Wani H AU - Okuda K TI - [Scientific raisins from 125 years SMW (Swiss Medical Weekly). A brief report on the discovery of the pathogen (Spirochaeta icterohaemorrhagiae nov. sp.) of so-called Weil's disease in Japan and on current studies of the disease. 1916 (classical article)] LA - Ger MH - History of Medicine, 20th Cent. MH - Human MH - *Leptospira interrogans MH - Weil's Disease/*history PT - CLASSICAL ARTICLE PT - HISTORICAL ARTICLE PT - BIOGRAPHY PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950601 DP - 1995 Apr 22 IS - 0036-7672 TA - Schweiz Med Wochenschr PG - 816-26 SB - M CY - SWITZERLAND IP - 16 VI - 125 JC - UEI EM - 9508 PMID- 7732354 CU - 96 TT - Eine kurze Mitteilung uber die Entdeckung des Erregers (Spirochaeta ictero-haemorrhagiae nov. sp.) der sogenannten Weil'schen Krankheit in Japan und uber die neueren Untersuchungen uber die Krankheit. SO - Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1995 Apr 22;125(16):816-26 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [102 medline neighbors] UI - 97078172 AU - Chandrasekaran S AU - Mallika M AU - Pankajalakshmi VV TI - Studies on the incidence of leptospirosis and possible transmission of Leptospira during leptospiraemia. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Animal MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Female MH - Human MH - India/epidemiology MH - Infant MH - Leptospirosis/diagnosis/*epidemiology/transmission MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Parasitemia/diagnosis/transmission PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 970512 DP - 1995 Apr IS - 0377-4929 TA - Indian J Pathol Microbiol PG - 133-7 CY - INDIA IP - 2 VI - 38 JC - GKK AA - Author EM - 9707 AB - During the year 1991 and in the first half year of 1992 a total of 179 cases and 288 cases respectively were tested for the presence of Leptospira by dark ground microscopy and 86 cases (48%) and 157 cases (54.5%) were found to be positive for Leptospira in their blood samples only. The disease was endemic and more prevalent in the age group of 5 to 14 years and 15 to 54 years and affected both sexes. Clinical categorisation of 169 cases in 1991 and 266 cases in the first half of the year 1992 along with the dark ground microscopy results showed that there was no strict correlation between the concentration of Leptospira in the blood and the severity of infection. Epidemiological data regarding the occupation and the contacts indicated that students and medical staff accounted for more than fifty percent of leptospiral infection and there was the possibility of transmission of Leptospira during leptospiraemia. Dark ground microscopy studies on blood samples from 20 cases who came for repeat testing showed the presence of Leptospira in blood up to 43 days and suggested that the convalescent carrier may have a role in the transmission of Leptospira during Leptospiraemia. AD - Institute of Microbiology, Madurai Medical College. PMID- 8919096 SO - Indian J Pathol Microbiol 1995 Apr;38(2):133-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [146 medline neighbors] UI - 96164788 AU - Lilenbaum W AU - Dos Santos MR TI - [Leptospirosis in animal reproduction: III. Role of the hardjo serovar in bovine leptospirosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil] LA - Por MH - Abortion, Veterinary/epidemiology/*microbiology MH - Agglutination Tests MH - Animal MH - Animal Husbandry/methods MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Brazil/epidemiology MH - Cattle/microbiology MH - Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/*microbiology MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Leptospira interrogans/classification/*isolation & purification MH - Leptospirosis/epidemiology/microbiology/*veterinary MH - Mastitis, Bovine/epidemiology/*microbiology MH - Pregnancy MH - Prevalence MH - Seroepidemiologic Methods MH - Serotyping RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960221 DP - 1995 Apr-Jun IS - 0187-4640 TA - Rev Latinoam Microbiol PG - 87-92 CY - MEXICO IP - 2 VI - 37 JC - SEP AA - Author EM - 9604 AB - Four hundred and five serum samples were drawn from cows with reproductive problems which were not vaccinated against leptospirosis from 21 dairy farms. Three distinct geographic regions were determined and the farms were also classified considering the production system, based on technological, zootechnical and sanitary resources. A total of 277 positive reactions were observed, corresponding to 68.39% of the samples. The predominant serovar was hardjo, reactive on 85 samples (20.98%), predominant on nine farms and observed on 17 farms (80.95%). It was observed the predominance of hardjo in all studied regions and on properties classified as type "A" (22 samples) and type "B" (49 samples). The role of this serovar on bovine leptospirosis in Brazil compared with other countries is discussed. AD - Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. PMID- 8552880 TT - Leptospirose em reproducao animal: III. Papel do serovar hardjo nas leptospiroses bovinas no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. EA - A SO - Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1995 Apr-Jun;37(2):87-92 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [153 medline neighbors] UI - 95305353 AU - Whipple DL AU - Bolin CA AU - Davis AJ AU - Jarnagin JL AU - Johnson DC AU - Nabors RS AU - Payeur JB AU - Saari DA AU - Wilson AJ AU - Wolf MM TI - Comparison of the sensitivity of the caudal fold skin test and a commercial gamma-interferon assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Cattle MH - Comparative Study MH - Female MH - Interferon Type II/*blood MH - Mycobacterium bovis MH - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/veterinary MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Skin Tests/methods/*veterinary MH - Tuberculin Test/methods/*veterinary MH - Tuberculosis, Bovine/blood/*diagnosis/pathology RN - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic) RN - 82115-62-6 (Interferon Type II) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950720 DP - 1995 Apr IS - 0002-9645 TA - Am J Vet Res PG - 415-9 SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 4 VI - 56 JC - 40C AA - Author EM - 9509 AB - A study to determine and compare the sensitivity of the caudal fold tuberculin test (CFT) and a commercial gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis was conducted. A dairy herd with approximately a third of the cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis was chosen for this study. All cattle from this herd were slaughtered, and tissue specimens for bacteriologic culturing and histologic examination were collected. Results of the CFT and gamma-IFN assay were compared with results of bacteriologic culturing and histologic examination to determine test sensitivity. Results were analyzed, using each of the following 4 standards to classify cattle as infected: positive test result by bacteriologic culturing only; histologic examination only; bacteriologic culturing and histologic examination; and bacteriologic culturing or histologic examination. Sensitivity of the CFT ranged from 80.4 to 84.4%, depending on the standard of comparison. Sensitivity of the gamma-IFN assay ranged from 55.4 to 97.1%, depending on the standard of comparison and on the method of interpretation. The CFT was significantly (P < 0.001) more sensitive than the gamma-IFN assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis when the gamma-IFN assay was conducted and interpreted as instructed by the manufacturer. Maximum overall sensitivity was achieved when results of the CFT and gamma-IFN assay were interpreted in parallel. AD - Leptospirosis/Mycobacteriosis Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA. PMID- 7785813 SO - Am J Vet Res 1995 Apr;56(4):415-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [200 medline neighbors] UI - 95303743 AU - Handa R AU - Sood A AU - Wali JP TI - Peritonitis complicating leptospirosis [letter] LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Alanine Aminotransferase/blood MH - Aspartate Aminotransferase/blood MH - Case Report MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/*complications/enzymology MH - Male MH - Peritonitis/*etiology RN - EC 2.6.1.1 (Aspartate Aminotransferase) RN - EC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Aminotransferase) PT - LETTER DA - 950717 DP - 1995 Apr IS - 0032-5473 TA - Postgrad Med J PG - 250 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 834 VI - 71 JC - PFX EM - 9509 PMID- 7784294 SO - Postgrad Med J 1995 Apr;71(834):250 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [200 medline neighbors] UI - 95259739 AU - Appassakij H AU - Silpapojakul K AU - Wansit R AU - Woodtayakorn J TI - Evaluation of the immunofluorescent antibody test for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis. LA - Eng MH - Adult MH - Agglutination Tests MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood MH - Child MH - Comparative Study MH - Cross Reactions MH - Evaluation Studies MH - *Fluorescent Antibody Technique MH - Human MH - Leptospira/*immunology MH - Leptospirosis/*diagnosis MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950606 DP - 1995 Apr IS - 0002-9637 TA - Am J Trop Med Hyg PG - 340-3 SB - A SB - M CY - UNITED STATES IP - 4 VI - 52 JC - 3ZQ AA - Author EM - 9508 AB - Sera from 175 patients with clinically suspected leptospirosis were tested with the immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) assay and compared with the microscopic agglutination (MA) method. Overall, the IFA test recognized all 58 MA-positive patients with leptospirosis. On acute sera testing, the IFA titer > or = 1:100 was 0.97 specific and more sensitive than the conventional MA method (sensitivities = 0.48 versus 0.17, respectively). None of the 117 MA-negative patients, 101 healthy blood donors, and 93 patients with five diseases commonly confused with leptospirosis had IFA titers > or = 1:400. However, cross-reactivity was seen with sera from patients with syphilis. On serial testing, the IFA antibody first appeared during the first week of illness, peaked by the fourth week, and generally decreased below 1:400 after the fourth month. The IFA test appears to be moderately sensitive and specific for the initial diagnosis of leptospirosis. It could replace the more complicated and less sensitive MA assay. AD - Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand. PMID- 7741173 SO - Am J Trop Med Hyg 1995 Apr;52(4):340-3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [131 medline neighbors] UI - 95234973 AU - Douglas JD TI - Salmon farming: occupational health in a new rural industry. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Fish Diseases/therapy MH - *Fisheries MH - Human MH - Occupational Diseases/prevention & control MH - *Occupational Health MH - Risk Factors MH - Rural Population MH - *Salmon PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950522 DP - 1995 Apr IS - 0962-7480 TA - Occup Med (Oxf) PG - 89-92 CY - ENGLAND IP - 2 VI - 45 JC - A79 AA - Author EM - 9507 AB - The medical hazards of salmon farming can be grouped into those related to marine safety, fish husbandry, fish-farm diving and disease treatments. The hostile water environment requires thermal protection and personal buoyancy aids as workers frequently fall in the water from boats or cages. Feedstuffs may generate respirable dust and attract rats, creating a risk of leptospirosis. Musculo-skeletal injuries are common from lifting nets. Fish-farm diving has particular risks which can be minimized. Organophosphorous pesticides are used to treat sea lice and employees require health surveillance. Fish immunization is required to reduce the incidence of Aeromonas salmonitica. Needlestick injuries when using oil-based vaccines are a serious hazard to employees. The occupational health problems of salmon farming are predictable and preventable with primary safety measures. This new industry is safer than land-based agriculture on current evidence. AD - Tweedale Medical Practice, Fort William, UK. PMID- 7718825 SO - Occup Med (Oxf) 1995 Apr;45(2):89-92 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [110 medline neighbors] UI - 95220526 AU - Groen J AU - Gerding MN AU - Jordans JG AU - Clement JP AU - Nieuwenhuijs JH AU - Osterhaus AD TI - Hantavirus infections in The Netherlands: epidemiology and disease. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Age Distribution MH - Animal MH - Animals, Domestic/immunology MH - Animals, Wild/immunology MH - Antibodies, Viral/*blood MH - Antigens, Viral/analysis MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Disease Reservoirs MH - Female MH - Hantavirus/*immunology MH - Hantavirus Infections/*epidemiology/veterinary MH - Human MH - Male MH - Microtinae/immunology MH - Middle Age MH - Netherlands/epidemiology MH - Occupations MH - Prevalence MH - Risk Factors MH - Seasons MH - Seroepidemiologic Methods MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (Antigens, Viral) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950505 DP - 1995 Apr IS - 0950-2688 TA - Epidemiol Infect PG - 373-83 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 2 VI - 114 JC - EPI AA - Author EM - 9507 AB - A serological survey for the prevalence of hantavirus infections in The Netherlands was carried out on > 10,000 sera, from selected human populations, and different feral and domestic animal species. Hantavirus-specific antibodies were found in about 1% of patients suspected of acute leptospirosis, 10% of patients with acute nephropathia, and in less than 0.1% haemodialysis and renal transplant patients. Among individuals with a suspected occupational risk, 6% of animal trappers, 4% of forestry workers, 2% of laboratory workers and 0.4% of farmers were seropositive. The majority of the seropositive individuals lived in rural and forested areas. The main animal reservoir of the infection was shown to be the red bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings seen in serologically confirmed human cases were similar to those associated with nephropathia epidemica. AD - Department of Clinical Virology, University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands. PMID- 7705497 SO - Epidemiol Infect 1995 Apr;114(2):373-83 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [141 medline neighbors] UI - 95407078 AU - Stabel JR TI - Temporal effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on intracellular survival of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Cell Line MH - Colony Count, Microbial MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Macrophages/cytology/*drug effects/*microbiology MH - Mice MH - Mycobacterium paratuberculosis/*drug effects/*growth & development/isolation & purification MH - Phagocytosis MH - Recombinant Proteins MH - Time Factors MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor/*pharmacology RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 951017 DP - 1995 Apr IS - 0165-2427 TA - Vet Immunol Immunopathol PG - 321-32 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 3-4 VI - 45 JC - XCB AA - Author EM - 9512 AB - The causative agent in Johne's disease is Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, an intracellular pathogen which causes enteritis in ruminants. Little is known about interactions between the host cell (macrophage) and M. paratuberculosis; however, this bacterium is able to evade normal host immune defenses and cause a chronic infective state. In the present study, we evaluated whether activation of a murine macrophage cell line (J774.16) by pretreatment with recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) prior to infection with M. paratuberculosis would affect their ability to restrict growth and kill the ingested bacteria. A murine cell line was utilized owing to difficulty in obtaining bovine reagents and lack of a continuous bovine macrophage cell line for repeated experimentation. After 4 h of infection, numbers of viable bacteria in cell lysates were significantly lower for macrophages pretreated with 1000 IU TNF ml-1. The rate of bacterial growth as assessed by BACTEC radiometric culture system was also reduced at this time point. Upon further extension of the infection period to 72 h, we observed that moderate doses of TNF (10-1000 IU ml-1) significantly increased the number of viable M. paratuberculosis recovered whereas the highest dose of TNF (4000 IU ml- 1) effectively reduced bacterial numbers. These data indicate that TNF can either enhance or reduce macrophage mycobactericidal and mycobacteriostatic activity depending upon both the level of TNF to which cells are exposed and the duration of infection. AD - Leptospirosis and Mycobacteriosis Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50010, USA. PMID- 7676613 SO - Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1995 Apr;45(3-4):321-32 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [201 medline neighbors] UI - 96029118 AU - Andreescu N AU - Filiu P TI - [Human leptospirosis in Romania in 1985-1994] LA - Rum MH - Animal MH - Disease Vectors MH - Human MH - Incidence MH - Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/transmission MH - Mice MH - Rats MH - Romania/epidemiology MH - Swine MH - Weil's Disease/*epidemiology/transmission PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 951103 DP - 1995 Apr-Jun TA - Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol PG - 131-4 CY - ROMANIA IP - 2 VI - 40 JC - BFP EM - 9601 AD - Institutul Cantacuzino. PMID- 7549255 TT - Leptospirozele umane in Romania in perioada 1985-1994. SO - Bacteriol Virusol Parazitol Epidemiol 1995 Apr-Jun;40(2):131-4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [106 medline neighbors] UI - 95314407 AU - Delacollette C AU - Taelman H AU - Wery M TI - An etiologic study of hemoglobinuria and blackwater fever in the Kivu Mountains, Zaire. LA - Eng MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Blackwater Fever/blood/*etiology MH - Child MH - Chloroquine/therapeutic use MH - Female MH - Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/complications MH - Hemoglobinuria/*etiology MH - Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/complications MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/complications MH - Malaria, Falciparum/*complications/drug therapy MH - Male MH - Quinine/adverse effects/therapeutic use RN - 130-95-0 (Quinine) RN - 54-05-7 (Chloroquine) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950727 DP - 1995 Mar IS - 0365-6527 TA - Ann Soc Belg Med Trop PG - 51-63 CY - BELGIUM IP - 1 VI - 75 JC - 66K AA - Author EM - 9509 AB - Between January 1985 and March 1986, in the high altitude area of Kivu, Eastern Zaire, 38 patients presenting with hemoglobinuria as main manifestation were investigated. Profound glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency was detected in 4 patients, leptospirosis in 2 and Hantaan virus infection in 2. Hemolysis was doubtful (haptoglobin > 40 mg/dl, Hemoglobin > 12 g/dl) in 2 patients. Other potential causes of hemoglobinuria such as hemoglobinopathy, toxic agents, infectious diseases or blood transfusion incompatibility were carefully screened and excluded. The syndrome observed in the remaining 28 cases was strongly suggestive of blackwater fever (BWF) as described in malaria patients by several authors under the french name "fievre bilieuse hemoglobinurique". Quinine was used as curative treatment of malaria before admission in a significant greater proportion (p < 0.01) of patients with BWF compared to patients with uncomplicated malaria, suggesting that this drug might have played a triggering role in the genesis of BWF. However, quinine was usually administered at inadequate doses to malaria patients non responding to chloroquine and belonging to a population of whom 50% are non immune. It may thus also be hypothesized that BWF in our patients could result from a hyperparasitemic state that remained undetected because of an unusual synchronous lysis of infected erythrocytes. In the latter case BWF would correspond to a major complication of falciparum malaria only coincidentally related to the use of quinine. AD - Lutte contre les Maladies Transmissibles et Carentielles, Bujumbura, Burundi. PMID- 7794063 SO - Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 1995 Mar;75(1):51-63 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [222 medline neighbors] UI - 95234471 AU - Valvini EM AU - Young JD TI - Serum nitrogen oxides during nitric oxide inhalation. LA - Eng MH - Administration, Inhalation MH - Adult MH - Case Report MH - Human MH - Kidney Failure, Acute/metabolism MH - Leptospirosis/*blood/metabolism MH - Male MH - Nitrates/*blood MH - Nitric Oxide/*administration & dosage/metabolism MH - Nitrites/*blood MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Nitrates) RN - 0 (Nitrites) RN - 10102-43-9 (Nitric Oxide) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950522 DP - 1995 Mar IS - 0007-0912 TA - Br J Anaesth PG - 338-9 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 3 VI - 74 JC - AUO AA - Author EM - 9507 AB - A patient with acute respiratory failure secondary to leptospirosis was treated with 40 and 90 volumes per million inhaled nitric oxide. His serum nitrogen oxide concentration (nitrates and nitrites combined) increased 13-fold. The mechanisms for the formation and elimination of nitrates are discussed. AD - Dialysis Unit, Middlesex Hospital, London. PMID- 7718385 SO - Br J Anaesth 1995 Mar;74(3):338-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [145 medline neighbors] UI - 95386166 AU - Jiang N AU - Jin B AU - Dai B AU - Zhang Y TI - [Identification of pathogenic and nonpathogenic leptospires by recombinant DNA probe] LA - Chi MH - DNA Probes MH - DNA, Bacterial/*analysis MH - DNA, Recombinant MH - English Abstract MH - Gene Library MH - Leptospira interrogans/genetics/*isolation & purification MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Virulence RN - 0 (DNA Probes) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) RN - 0 (DNA, Recombinant) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 951005 DP - 1995 Mar IS - 0257-7712 TA - Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao PG - 1-5 CY - CHINA IP - 1 VI - 26 JC - GEB AA - Author EM - 9512 AB - A gene bank of L. interrogans serovar lai strain 017 was constructed with plasmid vector pUC 18. Recombinant plasmids designated pDJ 6 and pDJ 8 were screened from the gene bank. Inserted fragments of them are 1.9kb and 2.2kb respectively. Diglabelled 1.9kb inserted fragment of pDJ 6. Results showed that the probe had hybridization with pathogenic leptospires, but it did not have hybridization with nonpathogenic leptospires such as L. biflexa strain Patoc I and Leptonema illini. The probe did not have hybridization with nonhomologous DNA (e.g. human leucocyte and E. coli JM 103), either. So, the recombinant probe is a good tool for distinguishing and identifying genus, species, pathogenic leptospires and nonpathogenic leptospires. PMID- 7657322 EA - A SO - Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao 1995 Mar;26(1):1-5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [158 medline neighbors] UI - 95381660 AU - Shamardin VA AU - Rud' NV AU - Il'iasov BK TI - [The effectiveness of immunological methods in the diagnosis of leptospirosis] LA - Rus MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Comparative Study MH - English Abstract MH - Evaluation Studies MH - Horse Diseases/*diagnosis MH - Horses MH - Human MH - Immunologic Tests/methods/statistics & numerical data MH - Leptospira/immunology MH - Leptospirosis/*diagnosis/*veterinary MH - Meat-Packing Industry MH - Occupational Diseases/diagnosis MH - Sensitivity and Specificity MH - Swine MH - Swine Diseases/*diagnosis RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950928 DP - 1995 Mar-Apr IS - 0372-9311 TA - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol PG - 84-6 SB - M CY - RUSSIA IP - 2 JC - Y9O AA - Author EM - 9512 AB - The effectiveness of Leptospira antigenic erythrocyte diagnosticum increases 4- to 8-fold due to the preliminary activation of erythrocytes and Boivin's antigen with 0.001-0.002 M solution of potassium periodate. ELISA with the use of conjugate based on antiglobulin serum and catalase is twice as sensitive as ELISA with conjugate on the basis of penicillinase, 3 times as sensitive as ELISA with conjugate on the basis of Leptospira hyperimmune serum and catalase and 10-20 times as sensitive as the passive hemagglutination test and the microagglutination and lysis test. PMID- 7653145 TT - Effektivnost' nekotorykh immunologicheskikh metodov v diagnostike leptospiroza. EA - A SO - Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1995 Mar-Apr;(2):84-6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [130 medline neighbors] UI - 95172169 AU - Webster JP AU - Ellis WA AU - Macdonald DW TI - Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) on UK farms. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Animals, Wild/microbiology MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood MH - Bacteriological Techniques/veterinary MH - Female MH - Great Britain/epidemiology MH - Leptospira/classification/immunology/*isolation & purification MH - Male MH - Prevalence MH - Rats/*microbiology MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950328 DP - 1995 Feb IS - 0950-2688 TA - Epidemiol Infect PG - 195-201 SB - M CY - ENGLAND IP - 1 VI - 114 JC - EPI AA - Author EM - 9506 AB - Wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are frequently implicated in the carriage and spread of Leptospira spp. Wild brown rats (n = 259) were trapped from 11 UK farms and tested for Leptospira spp. using a number of diagnostic tests. The prevalence of leptospiral infection was low, but there was variation in the results obtained with the different diagnostic tests. Estimates of prevalence ranged between 0% by silver- staining of tissues, 1% by the microscopic agglutination test, 4% by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 4% by culture, and 8% by fluorescent antibody technique. In total, 37 (14%) rats were positive by at least one of the tests, which contrasts with the frequently reported prevalences of 50-70% for wild rats in the UK. Serovar bratislava was a prevalent as icterohaemorrhagiae, although it was present only on farms with larger rat populations. AD - Department of Zoology, University of Oxford. PMID- 7867738 SO - Epidemiol Infect 1995 Feb;114(1):195-201 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [201 medline neighbors] UI - 96104941 AU - Antoniadis A AU - Alexiou-Daniel S AU - Fidani L AU - Bautz EF TI - Comparison of the clinical and serologic diagnosis of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and leptospirosis [letter] LA - Eng MH - Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis MH - Antibodies, Viral/analysis MH - Comparative Study MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect MH - Hantavirus/immunology MH - Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/*diagnosis MH - Human MH - IgG/analysis MH - IgM/analysis MH - Leptospira/immunology MH - Leptospirosis/*diagnosis RN - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (IgG) RN - 0 (IgM) PT - LETTER DA - 960102 DP - 1995 Feb IS - 0392-2990 TA - Eur J Epidemiol PG - 91-2 SB - M CY - NETHERLANDS IP - 1 VI - 11 JC - ERE EM - 9603 PMID- 7489781 SO - Eur J Epidemiol 1995 Feb;11(1):91-2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [184 medline neighbors] UI - 95133101 AU - Biegel E AU - Mortensen H AU - Gaub J TI - [Leptospirosis in the Ribe County 1980-1991] LA - Dan MH - Adult MH - Denmark/epidemiology MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Human MH - Leptospirosis/diagnosis/drug therapy/*epidemiology MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Prognosis MH - Retrospective Studies PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 950223 DP - 1995 Jan 9 IS - 0041-5782 TA - Ugeskr Laeger PG - 157-61 CY - DENMARK IP - 2 VI - 157 JC - WM8 AA - Author EM - 9504 AB - Though only 4.2% of the Danish population live in Ribe County, 12 cases of leptospirosis (22% of the Danish total) were found in the county between 1980-1991. Nine cases were associated with fresh water angling or fish farming. The patients were typically young or middle-aged formerly healthy men, who suddenly became ill with acute febrile disease. Eleven patients survived, one died. Cases were most often seen in late summer and autumn. Four patients required dialysis, and these patients also had relatively high serum levels of bilirubin. Case history and simple laboratory findings are helpful in leading to the diagnosis. Three patients were admitted with the correct diagnosis, and by the third day in hospital all 12 were being treated with relevant antibiotics, eight on suspicion of leptospirosis. Three patients had positive blood cultures on day 4, 6 and 9, and nine patients had late positive serology, two of whom also belonged to the group with positive blood cultures. In two patients the diagnosis was based on clinical findings alone. For these reasons, penicillin should be commenced on clinical suspicion alone. AD - Esbjerg Centralsygehus, medicinsk afdeling. PMID- 7831727 TT - Leptospirose i Ribe Amt 1980-1991. EA - A SO - Ugeskr Laeger 1995 Jan 9;157(2):157-61 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [169 medline neighbors] UI - 95133100 AU - Biegel E AU - Mortensen H TI - [Leptospirosis] LA - Dan MH - Animal MH - Communicable Disease Control MH - English Abstract MH - Human MH - *Leptospirosis/drug therapy/epidemiology/microbiology/prevention & control MH - Prognosis MH - Rats MH - World Health MH - Zoonoses PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, TUTORIAL DA - 950223 DP - 1995 Jan 9 IS - 0041-5782 TA - Ugeskr Laeger PG - 153-7 CY - DENMARK IP - 2 VI - 157 JC - WM8 AA - Author EM - 9504 AB - Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis. When human beings are infected the clinical spectrum varies from a mild, febrile illness to severe, icteric disease with multiorgan failure and fatal outcome. The illness falls into two phases, the septicaemic and the so-called immune. The diagnosis is confirmed by culture of blood and spinal fluid during the first phase, by culture of urine during the second and by serology. It is recommended that penicillin be given as quickly as possible. Prevention is important e.g. effective rat control and individual protection such as wearing protective clothing in contaminated work areas. AD - Esbjerg Centralsygehus, medicinsk afdeling. RF - 32 PMID- 7831726 TT - Leptospirose. EA - A SO - Ugeskr Laeger 1995 Jan 9;157(2):153-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [124 medline neighbors] UI - 96381038 AU - Ishii N AU - Isogai E AU - Isogai H AU - Kimura K AU - Nishikawa T AU - Fujii N AU - Nakajima H TI - T cell response to Borrelia garinii, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia japonica in various congenic mouse strains. LA - Eng MH - Animal MH - Antibodies, Monoclonal MH - Antigens, Bacterial MH - Base Sequence MH - Borrelia/*immunology/pathogenicity MH - Borrelia Infections/etiology/immunology MH - Comparative Study MH - Cross Reactions MH - DNA Primers/genetics MH - DNA, Bacterial/genetics MH - Human MH - Hypersensitivity, Delayed MH - Immunotherapy, Adoptive MH - Japan MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Mice, Inbred C3H MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Species Specificity MH - T-Lymphocytes/*immunology RN - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal) RN - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial) RN - 0 (DNA Primers) RN - 0 (DNA, Bacterial) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 961021 DP - 1995 IS - 0385-5600 TA - Microbiol Immunol PG - 929-35 SB - M CY - JAPAN IP - 12 VI - 39 JC - MX7 AA - Author EM - 9612 AB - The infectivity and T cell response to Borrelia garinii SIKA2, Borrelia afzelii BFOX, and Borrelia japonica 0612, the organisms that cause Lyme disease in Japan, were examined in various inbred and congenic strains of mice. Infectivity differed among the species: B. garinii SIKA2 and B. afzelii BFOX were each able to infect 90% to 100% of C3H/He mice; B. japonica 0612 was able to infect only 20% of C3H/He mice. The pattern of infectivity to various inbred and congenic strains of mice may influence the pathogenicity of the organism and the clinical signs of Lyme disease. Cross-reactivity between Borrelia antigens was observed, but there was no cross-reactivity between Borrelia antigens and Leptospira antigens. We evaluated the genetic control of the delayed- type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in the form of footpad swelling produced by Borrelia antigens using viable or sonicated bacteria as sensitization. Differences in strains of mice infected by viable antigen were observed. However, all strains of mice showed a strong DTH reaction using sonicated antigens without genetic background. A DTH reaction in the form of footpad swelling did not appear to be associated with genetic background. The footpad reaction was mediated by CD4+8- and Ia- T cells, as revealed by in vitro monoclonal antibody treatment. However, CD8+ T cells did not suppress footpad swelling. These results indicate that many antigenic epitopes of the Borrelia spirochete can stimulate the DTH reaction. AD - Department of Dermatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan. PMID- 8789051 SO - Microbiol Immunol 1995;39(12):929-35 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [200 medline neighbors] UI - 96238395 AU - Zylberberg H AU - Nebut M AU - Hagege H AU - Geslin P AU - Chousterman M TI - [Severe leptospirosis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection (letter)] LA - Fre MH - Adult MH - *AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections MH - Case Report MH - Human MH - HIV Infections/*complications/microbiology MH - Leptospirosis/*etiology MH - Male PT - LETTER DA - 960924 DP - 1995 IS - 0003-410X TA - Ann Med Interne (Paris) PG - 522 SB - M CY - FRANCE IP - 7 VI - 146 JC - 5FZ EM - 9611 PMID- 8787297 TT - Leptospirose grave chez un patient infecte par le virus de l'immunodeficience humaine. SO - Ann Med Interne (Paris) 1995;146(7):522 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [135 medline neighbors] UI - 96348314 AU - Sakurai Y TI - [Leptospirosis, Weil's disease] LA - Jpn MH - Antibiotics, Aminoglycoside/therapeutic use MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Human MH - *Liver Diseases/diagnosis/drug therapy/physiopathology MH - Prognosis MH - Streptomycin/therapeutic use MH - *Weil's Disease/diagnosis/drug therapy/physiopathology RN - 0 (Antibiotics, Aminoglycoside) RN - 57-92-1 (Streptomycin) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE PT - REVIEW PT - REVIEW, TUTORIAL DA - 961004 DP - 1995 TA - Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu PG - 115-7 CY - JAPAN IP - 7 JC - CAY EM - 9612 AD - Division of Gastroenterology, Kantoh-Teishin Hospital, Japan. RF - 11 PMID- 8749432 SO - Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu 1995;(7):115-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Formats: [Citation Format] Links: [157 medline neighbors] UI - 96203266 AU - Canak G AU - Vukobratov Z AU - Dordevic M AU - Madle-Samardzija N AU - Ilic A AU - Doder R TI - [Leptospirosis at the Clinic for Infectious Diseases in Novi Sad 1984- 1993] LA - Scr MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Child MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Human MH - *Leptospirosis/diagnosis/therapy MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Retrospective Studies PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE DA - 960625 DP - 1995 IS - 0025-8105 TA - Med Pregl PG - 323-5 CY - YUGOSLAVIA IP - 9-10 VI - 48 JC - M8U AA - Author EM - 9608 AB - We examined the clinical picture and course of leptospiral infections in 50 patients treated at the Clinic during the period 1984-1993. Most patients were 11-20 years of age (9 years the youngest and 77 years the oldest, mean age being 25.16). The disease more often occurred in male patients, 44 (88%). There were 30 (60%) patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, while 21 (42%) had liver and kidney infections. Meningeal syndrome was established in 25 (50%) and serous meningitis in 13 (26%). Leptospiral infections represented average and serious infections with complications in 8 (16%) patients, successful treatment in 47 (94%) patients while 3 (6%) patients died due to hematorenal insufficiency. AD - Klinika za infektivne i dermatoveneroloske bolestic, Medicinski fakultet, Novi Sad. PMID